1、医学博士外语模拟试卷 48 及答案与解析Section A（A）Exercise and warming.（B） Warming and chilling.（C） Heat and cold.（D）Absorption and distribution. （A）Smelly.（B） Scattered.（C） Blocking doors and store shutters.（D）Put in bags and boxes. （A）Most benign tumors neednt be called to the attention of a physician.（B） People su
2、ffering from cancers were born with them.（C） The distinction between benign and malignant tumors is consequently always impossible.（D）Some tumors change their nature in the course of years, after a period of benign growth. （A）She likes to drive when she travels.（B） She doesnt want to go to Chicago.（
3、C） She doesnt know the cost of the train trip.（D）Its cheaper to go to Chicago by car. （A）The woman feels rather terrible.（B） The woman had an operation.（C） The woman has a serious illness.（D）The woman wants to go to the hospital. （A）To keep the secret.（B） To talk to him about the problem.（C） To redu
4、ce the workload.（D）To have a great rest. （A）The patients blood pressure（B） the patients present condition（C） The cause of the disease（D）How to deal with the present problem（A）Help the woman repair her car.（B） Help the woman find a job.（C） Cancel the womans appointment for her.（D）Take the woman to he
5、r doctors office. （A）Bad food.（B） Spicy food.（C） Cold food.（D）Fat food. （A）A bridge to Manhattan.（B） Skyscrapers at dusk.（C） A lot of things in Manhattan.（D）A classical night view in Manhattan. （A）He moved into his new apartment a couple of months ago.（B） Hed like the woman to help him pay the rent.
6、（C） He and Peter have downloaded a new apartment.（D）The apartment might be too expensive for him. （A）Saturdays morning.（B） Sunday morning.（C） This afternoon.（D）Tomorrow afternoon. （A）To order some medicine for the man.（B） To get something for Aunts birthday.（C） To buy some items.（D）To see some car m
7、odels. （A）Cough.（B） Feeling cold.（C） Lung infection.（D）Wounded by fighting. （A）She read it selectively.（B） She went over it chapter by chapter.（C） She read it slowly.（D）She finished it quickly. Section B（A）Nausea.（B） Fever.（C） A cold.（D）Diarrhea. （A）The stale food he ate.（B） The fruit juice he drank
8、.（C） Too much food he ate.（D）The cold he got. （A）Porridge.（B） Purified water.（C） Pizza.（D）Apple juice. （A）When his stool becomes loose and watery.（B） When his diarrhea becomes inconveniently frequent and watery.（C） When his lips and mouth are dry.（D）When he loses a lot of body fluids. （A）It is a mil
9、d case of diarrhea.（B） It is an urgent case of diarrhea.（C） It is improving.（D）It is deteriorating. （A）There are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleep.（B） Among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversial.（C） People are now moving towards solving many controve
10、rsial issues.（D）The right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctors. （A）Because few people can wake up feeling fresh and alert.（B） Because some people still feel tired with enough sleep.（C） Because some people still feel sleepy with enough sleep.（D）Because some people go to bed ve
11、ry late at night. （A）Sleeping less is good for human development.（B） People ought to be persuaded to sleep less than before.（C） It is incorrect to say that people sleep too little.（D）Those who can sleep less should be encouraged. （A）The author comments on three different opinions.（B） The author favo
12、rs one of the three opinions.（C） The author explains an opinion of his won.（D）The author revises someone elses opinions. （A）Because their bodies are fatigued（B） Because some people have a greater inertia than others.（C） Because they fall asleep quickly and they are reluctant to get up.（D）Because mus
13、t make up for the lost sleep. （A）Psychosocial effects of breast surgery.（B） Life crises of cancer patients.（C） Female self-image in society.（D）A womans perception of her identity. （A）It may affect a womans physical activity.（B） It may affect a womans self-image as a female.（C） It may affect a womans
14、 perception of idealism.（D）It may affect a womans breast reconstruction. （A）Because they can put the woman on medication to aid recovery.（B） Because they can help the woman find a job if she is unemployed.（C） Because they can help the woman find a new partner and remarry.（D）Because they can help the
15、 woman get over the physical and psychological blow. （A）Because they dread that they will have to see a psychiatrist.（B） Because they think that anxiety and depression are natural responses.（C） Because they cant recover from the psychological blow of the disease.（D）Because they fear that the medicat
16、ions they receive are not effective. （A）Encouraging her to discuss sexual problems with her partner openly.（B） Advising her to see a psychiatrist for further treatment.（C） Advising her to reveal the diagnosis of breast cancer to others.（D）Advising her to use prosthetic device or undergo breast recon
17、struction. Section A31 His ideas are invariably condemned as_by his colleagues.（A）imaginative（B） ingenious（C） unpractical（D）theoretical32 The majority of nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a_.（A）minority（B） scarcity（C） rarity（D）minimum33 Professor Johnso
18、ns retirement_from next January.（A）carries into effect（B） takes effect（C） has effect（D）puts into effect34 Mr. Browns condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will_.（A）pull back（B） pull up（C） pull through（D）pull out35 Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward
19、 on-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customers_rather than the companys.（A）benefit（B） availability（C） suitability（D）convenience36 This spacious room is_furnished with just a few articles in it.（A）lightly（B） sparsely（C） hardly（D）rarely37 Since she suffered brain damage in
20、the accident, shes just been a_.（A）vegetable（B） vegetarian（C） encephalopathy（D）autistic38 Urgent measures should be taken to control the_of the disease.（A）distribution（B） dissemination（C） dispersion（D）dissipation39 Overdose of sleeping pills can be_so the prescription of them is limited.（A）deadly（B）
21、 fatal（C） lethal（D）hazard40 Major health systems act as specialized hospitals_patients are referred for sophisticated therapy.（A）to which（B） in which（C） at which（D）in thatSection B41 It would be wildly optimistic to believe that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland.（A）take in（B）
22、makeup（C） cut down（D）bring about42 To begin with, it is impossible to come up with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappy marriage.（A）explain（B） oppose（C） represent（D）propose43 Politicians often use emotional rather than rational arguments to win the support for their action
23、s and ideas.（A）applicable（B） favorable（C） sensitive（D）reasonable44 Tests are one way for a teacher to assess how much a student has learned.（A）observe（B） appraise（C） appreciate（D）induce45 Through live television, the world is now able to witness historical events as they happen.（A）reserve（B） confirm
24、（C） perceive（D）transmit46 Most experts say that the new tax plan will have a negligible effect on the countrys economic problems.（A）indefinite（B） indispensable（C） infinite（D）insignificant47 I dont know how you could have left out the most important fact of all.（A）omitted（B） fabricated（C） pinpointed（
25、D）embraced48 Family and cultural beliefs and norms are important predictors of health-seeking behavior.（A）formulations（B） standards（C） principles（D）notions49 There must be a systematic approach to retrieving notes and analyzing them.（A）regaining（B） relieving（C） reversing（D）rectifying50 To study the
26、distribution of disease within an area, it is useful to plot the cases on a map.（A）mark（B） allocate（C） erase（D）pose一、Part Cloze50 Exercise is good for people, but most people really know very little about how to exercise properly. So when you try, you may run into trouble. Many people【C1】_that when
27、specific muscles are exercised, the fat in the neighbouring area is “burned up“. Yet the【C2】_is that exercise burns fat from all over the body. Studies show muscles which are not【C3】_lose their strength very quickly. To regain it needs 48 to 72 hours and exercise every other day will keep a normal l
28、evel of physical strength. To【C4】_weight you should always “work up a good sweat“ when exercising. No sweating only【C5 】_body temperature to prevent over heating. This is nothing but water loss. 【C6】_you replace the liquid, you replace the weight. Walking is the best and easy-to-do exercise. It help
29、s the circulation of blood throughout the body, and has a direct【C7 】_on your overall feeling of health. Experience says that 20 minutes exercise a day is minimum amount. 【C8 】_your breathing doesnt return to normal state within minutes after you finish【C9 】_. youve done 【C10 】_.51 【C1 】（A）understan
30、d（B） believe（C） hope（D）know52 【C2 】（A）reply（B） possibility（C） truth（D）reason53 【C3 】（A）exercised（B） examined（C） protected（D）cured54 【C4 】（A）lose（B） gain（C） keep（D）burn55 【C5 】（A）raises（B） reduces（C） destroys（D）keeps up56 【C6 】（A）While（B） Once（C） As（D）Whenever57 【C7 】（A）effect（B） use（C） usage（D）affec
31、t58 【C8 】（A）But if（B） But（C） If（D）And if59 【C9 】（A）working（B） walking（C） exercising（D）breathing60 【C10 】（A）enough（B） much（C） too much（D）much too二、Part Reading Comprehension60 In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia, one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a
32、 sabotaged train. One of the looters, Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan, suddenly notices the camera and snatches it. “Am I in this?“ he asks, before smashing it open. To the dismayed reporter, Lawrence explains, “He thinks these things will steal his virtue. He thinks youre a kind of thief.
33、“As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands, stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic. The “ignorant natives“ may have had a point. When photography first became available, scientists welcomed it as a more objective way
34、 of recording faraway societies than early travelers exaggerated accounts. But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back. Up into the 1950s and 1960s, many ethnographers sought “pure“ pictures of “primitive“ cultures,
35、routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress. They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties, often with little regard for veracity. Edward Curtis, the legendary photographer of North American Indians, for example, got one Maka
36、h man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation. These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated, primitive, and unchanging. For instance, National Geographic magazines photographs have taught m
37、illions of Americans about other cultures. As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic, the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that dont challenge white, middle-class American conventions. While dark
38、-skinned women can be shown without tops, for example, white womens breasts are taboo. Photos that could unsettle or disturb, such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine, are discarded in favor of those that reassure to conform with the societys stated pledge to present only “kindly“ vi
39、sions of foreign societies. The result, Lutz and Collins say, is the depiction of “an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict. “Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot She read the magazine as a child, and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice off anthrop
40、ology as a career. She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures, they should be alert to the choice of composition and images.61 Whats the main idea of the passage?（A）Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners perception of the indigenous cultures and
41、the Western values.（B） There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples.（C） Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales.（D）Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pic
42、tures, compromising the truthfulness of their pictures. 62 We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often_.（A）took pictures with the natives（B） gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands（C） asked for pictures from the natives（D）gave the natives clocks and Western dre
43、sses63 The author mentions the movie Lawrence of Arabia to_.（A）show how people in the indigenous societies are portrayed by Westerners.（B） illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.（C） show how anthropologists portray untruthful pictu
44、res of native people.（D）show the cruel and barbarian side of the native people. 64 “But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back. “ In this sentence, the “one culture that stares back“ refers to_.（A）the indigenous cul
45、ture（B） the Western culture（C） the academic culture（D）the news business culture65 With which of the following statements would Catherine Lutz most probably agree?（A）Reporters from the Western societies should routinely delete modern elements in pictures taken of the indigenous societies.（B） The prim
46、itive cultures are inferior to the more advanced Western culture.（C） The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.（D）People in the Western news business should try not to challenge the well-established white middle-class values. 65 Having a few too many drinks ca
47、n mean more than just a blackout or a bad hangover. People who engage in binge drinking are courting danger, experts warn. Binge drinking is most common at colleges and universities, where many adults treat drinking to excess as a rite of passage. A 1997 study from the Harvard School of Public Healt
48、h reports that 42. 7% of all college students engage in binge drinking. The well-publicized deaths of several college students from binge drinking in 1997 highlights the risks. An 18-year-old freshman at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology drank himself into a coma and died. A 20-year-old frat
49、ernity pledge at Louisiana State University died from alcohol poisoning. “Alcohol is always toxic. Its really a poison, “ said Steven Schandler, professor of psychology at Chapman University and chief of addiction research at the Long Beach Veterans Affairs Health Care System, who added that binge drinking can lead to alcohol poisoning. “Because its a poison, like any other poison, if you take in a little bit, you might tolerate it, b
