1、医学博士外语模拟试卷 56 及答案与解析Section A（A）Cut the sugar cubes into smaller pieces.（B） Put sugar in his coffee.（C） Reduce the amount of sugar he ingests.（D）Eat more sugar.（A）He thought it was very serious.（B） He didnt think it was that serious.（C） He thinks it is worth getting a second opinion.（D）He is not sur
2、prised, since he thought it was quite bad.（A）He has been very fit till then.（B） He had appendicitis when he was a child.（C） He now works in a shoe factory.（D）Both A and B.（A）He died after a long period with heart condition.（B） He died suddenly.（C） He died during a heart operation.（D）He was attacked
3、by a drunkard and died.（A）Whether the dentist teaches at the University on that day.（B） Whether the patient calls early in the morning.（C） Whether it is an emergency or a routine work.（D）Whether it is the day for the dentist to have his practice.（A）Exercise and warming.（B） Warming and chilling.（C） H
4、eat and cold.（D）Absorption and distribution.（A）Smelly.（B） Scattered.（C） Blocking doors and store shutters.（D）Put in bags and boxes.（A）Most benign tumors neednt be called to the attention of a physician.（B） People suffering from cancers were born with them.（C） The distinction between benign and malig
5、nant tumors is consequently always impossible.（D）Some tumors change their nature in the course of years, after a period of benign growth.（A）The play will be performed at another location.（B） The woman didnt intend to attend the play.（C） It isnt possible to cancel the play.（D）The play was going to be
6、 performed outside.（A）Shed prefer to go to a different restaurant.（B） She II join the man for dinner.（C） She has been to the restaurant before.（D）The man should order spaghetti at the restaurant.（A）The doctor advised him not to drink coffee.（B） The doctor wants to have some coffee.（C） Hell bring som
7、e coffee to the doctor.（D）He really wants some tea.（A）Work out a plan to tighten his budget.（B） Find out the opening hours of the cafeteria.（C） Apply for a senior position in the restaurant.（D）Solve his problem by doing a part-time job.（A）He was too busy to take the test.（B） He did well on the test.
8、（C） He left some questions unanswered.（D）He took the test twice.（A）She eats an egg, a toasted muffin, and coffee.（B） She eats at the school cafeteria.（C） She eats at home when she gets a ride and leaves the house early.（D）She has breakfast in the kitchen.（A）He can fix the computer quite easily.（B） H
9、e can fix the computer very quickly.（C） He can type in information quickly.（D）He can disassemble the pieces of the keyboard quite easily.Section B（A）Hes been having these stomachaches.（B） Hes been having these headaches.（C） He has been a bit deaf.（D）There has been something else troubling him.（A）Abo
10、ut three months.（B） A while in the morning.（C） Three years.（D）Three mornings.（A）Its all over the head.（B） Its right across the front head.（C） Its at the back of the head.（D）Its on the top of the head.（A）Its better in the morning.（B） If lie down for a while, they seem to go away.（C） Its better when I
11、 wake up in the morning.（D）When they come on at a particular time.（A）Its a kind of dull pain.（B） Its a kind of throbbing pain.（C） Its a sort of dull and throbbing pain.（D）When one wakes up the pain stops.（A）British People like to take a short nap after lunch.（B） British People dont take a short nap
12、after lunch.（C） British People dont feel sleepy after lunch.（D）British People like to sleep twice a day.（A）All animals in the bush.（B） The remnant of the same primeval programming.（C） The same primeval programming.（D）All animals in the world.（A）Alcohol will be less potent after lunch.（B） A pint of b
13、eer at lunchtime is equivalent to a quart in the evening, it can cause afternoon sleepiness.（C） People are more alert at lunchtime. （D）It is not legal to drink at lunchtime.（A）You will be refreshed.（B） You will wake up.（C） You will feel far sleepier.（D）You will take a cat nap.（A）People are not allow
14、ed to drive after they drink one quarter in the evening.（B） People are still allowed to drive after they drink one quarter in the evening.（C） People are still allowed to drive after they drink one pint at lunchtime.（D）None.（A）Donating one of ones kidneys to a relative.（B） Donating one of ones kidney
15、s to a friend.（C） Donating one of ones kidneys to ones best friend.（D）Donating one of one s kidneys to a stranger.（A）Fear of tissue rejection.（B） Some other biological concern.（C） Suspicion of donors real purpose and mental stability.（D）The nursing needed after the transplanting.（A）That it is accept
16、able whether the donor is a relative or a stranger to the patient.（B） That it is acceptable only when the donor is a relative to the patient.（C） That it should be strictly controlled.（D）That it should be forbidden.（A）Improve their facilities.（B） Alter their ideas about donors.（C） Carry out more surv
17、eys among physicians and non-physicians.（D）Advertise for more donors.（A）Transplant physicians and the public do not see eye to eye over the issue of kidney donation.（B） The Gallup Poll reflects the public view.（C） Most American donors offer their kidneys to patients out of selflessness.（D）Most Ameri
18、can donors offer their kidneys to patients out of selfish motives.Section A31 Regression therapy can be highly purgative and the benefits that such_has for patients are acknowledged even by psychologists who question the intellectual foundations of the practice.（A）catharsis（B） admiration（C） replenis
19、hment（D）pretension32 Psychiatrists agree that spectator sports provide audiences an opportunity and environment to _their pain, depression and anger.（A）give vent to（B） take care of（C） cope with（D）bring apart33 Childhood can be a time of great insecurity and loneliness, during which the need to be ac
20、cepted by peers_great significance.（A）takes on（B） works out（C） brings about（D）gives in34 Opinions about science subjects_during early adolescence when women (and men) begin to conform to social norms.（A）take effect（B） take the initiative（C） take over（D）take shape35 Some hepatitis viruses are spread
21、by fecal-oral_often by food handlers and in crowded, unsanitary conditions.（A）contact（B） contamination（C） pollution（D）touch36 You are healthy when you are_your outer and inner environments.（A）in relation to（B） with regard to（C） in contrast with（D）in harmony with37 Good health is a spirited_of energy
22、, smooth skin, strong, supple limbs, and a positive joy in life.（A）texture（B） mix（C） burst（D）peak38 The_of emotional and psychiatric disorders that can prompt a person to seek therapy is wide.（A）formula（B） coverage（C） interval（D）spectrum39 Work is a_of satisfaction.（A）measure（B） terminal（C） source（D
23、）resource40 If you_a heart-attack or stroke victim who needs your assistance, your first response should be to stay calm and urge bystanders to call for an ambulance.（A）find out（B） go into（C） pass by（D）come acrossSection B41 The recent deterioration in the economy is of great concern to the governme
24、nt.（A）depression（B） deficiency（C） degeneration（D）deformity42 A substantial hike in the top rate of income tax would not solve this problem but merely aggravate the nations already waning support.（A）depreciating（B） warning（C） declining（D）startling43 He was conspicuously hairy nor shiny-bald, but his
25、hair was graying and receding tactfully in keeping with his age.（A）prominently（B） warily（C） consciously（D）conventionally44 The water company is obliged to maintain a supply of wholesome water.（A）available（B） hydraulic（C） balanced（D）hygienic45 Smoking makes one six times more likely to get oral cance
26、r partly because the smoke constantly assaults the tissues that line the mouth and throat.（A）detects（B） contaminates（C） occupies（D）attacks46 More valuable and comprehensive than any previously proposed theory of the phenomenon, Salazars research has provided the basis for all subsequent researches i
27、n her field.（A）advancements（B） investigations（C） experiments（D）misconceptions47 Her dislike of flattery made her regard people who tried to win her approval through praise as sycophants.（A）defiance（B） tyrants（C） adulation（D）contempt48 Maggie is a procrastinator, naturally inclined to temporize and t
28、o prolong discussions.（A）lengthen（B） disrupt（C） terminate（D）intrude into49 The radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine emit gamma rays that can be detected externally by special types of cameras.（A）bestow（B） exhibit（C） impose（D）discharge50 A depression diagnosis is often difficult to make beca
29、use clinical depression can manifest in so many different ways.（A）intensify（B） declare（C） demonstrate（D）intimidate一、Part Cloze50 A study has shown that fitness is the key【C1 】_ long life, irrespective of body shape or even smoking habits. Researchers discovered that people【C2】_ exercise live longer
30、than those do not,【C3】_ they are overweight and smoke.The study found that the least fit of the 6 000 middle-aged men in the study were five times【C4】_ to die within six years of the start of the research than the【C5】_ . This was true whether or not the men had heart problems, smoked or were overwei
31、ght. Scientists concluded that it was better to be fat and【C6】_ than skinny and sedentary(久坐的). Dr. Ken Cooper, a fitness expert, said, “You are better off smoking a packet of cigarettes a day and【C7】_ regularly than being a non-smoker and sedentary.“ Although he adds, “But dont misunderstand me. I
32、am not endorsing smoking. I am trying to tell you how dangerous it is to be sedentary.“【C8】 _ , the study appears to fly in the face of research last year which concluded that more than 30 000 people die prematurely every year in Britain from illnesses caused by being overweight.The British Governme
33、nt is putting pressure on manufacturers【C9】_ high levels of sugar in food and to restrict the hard-sell of junk food to children in order to improve the nations health. But the new study suggests the Government【C10】_ more people to exercise. 51 【C1 】（A）to（B） for（C） of（D）in52 【C2 】（A）/（B） which（C） wh
34、om（D）who53 【C3 】（A）if（B） unless（C） even if（D）because54 【C4 】（A）like（B） likely（C） less likely（D）more likely55 【C5 】（A）rest（B） other（C） fittest（D）fitter56 【C6 】（A）active（B） lively（C） still（D）inactive57 【C7 】（A）to exercise（B） exercising（C） exercise（D）exercised58 【C8 】（A）However（B） So（C） Although（D）Furt
35、hermore59 【C9 】（A）reduce（B） reducing（C） to reduce（D）reduced60 【C10 】（A）encouraged（B） encouraging（C） to encourage（D）encourage二、Part Reading Comprehension60 Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where comput
36、ers create a “virtual“ or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners.“With virtual reality well be able to put a surgeon in every trench,“ said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers
37、. The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U. S The surgeons would look at the soldiers through virtual reality helmets that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical uni
38、t that operate on the soldier.Although Satavas vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional
39、 image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to the robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound.These technological wonders may not yet be part of the communit
40、y hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3D image. She can then maneuver the 3D imag
41、e on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor. Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools
42、 in a computer graphics image of the patients brain taken before surgery.During these proceduresoperations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuveredsurgeons are wearing 3D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeo
43、ns to cut away tissues more accurately than human surgeons can.Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine.“61 According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine_.（A）will enable surgeons, to be physically present on every battlefield（B）
44、 can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield（C） will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield（D）can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield62 Richard Satava has visions of_.（A）using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers figh
45、ting overseas（B） wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefield（C） wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons（D）setting up mobile surgical units overseas63 How is virtual reality surgery performed?（A）It is performed by a computer-desi
46、gned high precision device.（B） Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.（C） Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them.（D）A 3D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation.64 During virtual reality operations, t
47、he surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because_.（A）he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen（B） the cuts can be examined from different angles（C） the cuts have been highly magnified（D）he is wearing 3D glasses65 Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional sur
48、gery in that they_.（A）cause less pain to the wounded（B） allow the patient to recover more quickly（C） will make human surgeons work less tedious（D）are done by robot surgeons with greater precision65 People have worded about smog for many years, and the government has spent billions of dollars to try
49、to clean up the air of big cities. Now we find that there is no escape from unhealthful air. Recent studies have shown that air inside many homes, office buildings, and schools is full of pollutants: chemicals, bacteria, smoke, and gases. These pollutants are causing a group of unpleasant and dangerous symptoms that experts call “sick building syndrome“. A “sick building“ might be a small house in a rural area or an enormous office
