1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 13 及答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on th
2、e Answer Sheet.0 In the United States elementary education begins at the age of six. At this stage nearly all the teachers are women, mostly married. The atmosphere is usually very friendly, and the teachers have now accepted the idea that the important thing is to make the children happy and intere
3、sted. The old authoritarian(要绝对服从的)methods of education were discredited(不被认可)rather a long.time agoso much so that many people now think that they have gone too far in the direction of trying to make children happy and interested rather than giving them actual instruction.The social education of yo
4、ung children tries to make them accept the idea that human beings in a society need to work together for their common good. So the emphasis is on cooperation rather than competition throughout most of this process. This may seem curious, in view of the fact that American society is highly competitiv
5、e; however, the need for making people sociable in this sense has come to be regarded as one of the functions of education. Most Americans do grow up with competitive ideas, and obviously quite a few as criminals , but it is not fair to say that the educational system fails. It probably does succeed
6、 in making most people sociable and ready to help one another both in material ways and through kindness and friendliness.1 According to the passage, the U. S. elementary education is supposed to make children_.（A）sensible and sensitive（B） competitive and interested（C） curious and friendly（D）happy a
7、nd cooperative2 Some Americans complain about elementary schools because they think_.（A）children are reluctant to help each other（B） schools lay too much emphasis on cooperation（C） children should grow up with competitive ideas（D）schools give little actual instruction to children3 The author s attit
8、ude towards American education can be best described as_.（A）favorable（B） negative（C） tolerant（D）unfriendly4 The American educational system emphasizes_.（A）material wealth（B） competition（C） cooperation（D）personal benefit5 The word “sociable“(Paragraph 2)most probably means_.（A）fond of talking freely（
9、B） friendly with other people（C） concerned about social welfare（D）happy at school5 Adam Smith was the first person to see the importance of the division of the labor. He gave us an example of the process by which pins were made in England.“ One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third
10、 cuts it, a fourth points it, and a fifth gives it a head. Just to make the head requires two or three different operations. The work of making pins is divided into about eighteen different operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will
11、sometimes perform two or three of them.Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins a worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they certainly could not have made twenty pins in a day and not even one
12、.There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this, but he also took it for granted that division of labor is itself responsible for economic growth and development and it accounts for the difference between expa
13、nding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new, it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.6 According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to_.（A）take advantage of the physical labor（B） introduce the division of labor into England
14、（C） understand the effects of the division of labor（D）explain the bad causes of the division of labor7 Adam Smith saw that the division of labor_.（A）enabled each worker to design pins more quickly（B） increased the possible output per worker（C） increased the number of people employed in factories（D）i
15、mproved the quality of pins produced8 Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to_.（A）show the advantages of the old labor system（B） stress how powerful the individual worker was（C） show the advantages of the division of labor（D）stress the importance of increased production9 According to the w
16、riter, Adam Smith s mistake was in believing that the division of labor_.（A）was an efficient way of organizing work（B） was an important development in methods of production（C） finally led to economic development（D）increased the production of existing goods10 According to the writer, which one of the
17、 following is NOT true?（A）Division of labor can enable fewer people to make more pins.（B） Division of labor helps people to produce more of what they already have.（C） Division of labor is by no means responsible for economic growth.（D）Division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work.10 When
18、we talk about intelligence we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or upsetting situation. If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a pe
19、rson acts instead of how much he knows what to do.For instance, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isn
20、t sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And, if he can t make things work out right, he doesnt feel ashamed that he failed; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook on life, a special feeling about life, and know
21、s how he fits into it.If you look at children, you 11 see great difference between what we call“ bright“ children and “ not-bright“ children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amount of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to f
22、ind out about life and he tries to get in touch with everything around him. But, the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream-world; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.11 According to this passage, intelligence is_.（A）the ability to study well（B） the ability t
23、o do well in school（C） the ability to deal with life（D）the ability to get high scores on some tests12 In a new situation, an intelligent person_.（A）knows more about what might happen to him（B） is sure of the result he will get（C） concentrates on what to do about the situation（D）cares more about hims
24、elf13 If an intelligent person failed, he would_.（A）try not to feel ashamed（B） learn from his experiences（C） try to regret as much as possible（D）make sure what result he would get14 Bright children and not-bright children_.（A）are two different types of children（B） are different mainly in their degre
25、e of cleverness（C） have difference only in their way of thinking（D）have different knowledge about the world15 The author of this passage will probably continue to talk about_.（A）how to determine what intelligence is（B） how education should be found（C） how to solve practical problems（D）how an unintel
26、ligent person should be taught15 Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is
27、money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter , appears. By the end of World War II , these needs were satisfied for a great majority
28、of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the “life-enriching“ level. While the other levels involve physical satisfac
29、tion, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury“ items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, a
30、nd recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they co
31、ntinue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crim, and prejudice. After filling our stomac
32、hs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.16 According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when_.（A）he has sa
33、ved up enough money（B） he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter（C） he has satisfied his hunger（D）he has learned to build houses17 It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War II , most Americans_.（A）were very rich（B） lived in poverty（C） had the good things on the first t
34、hree levels（D）did not own automobiles18 Which of the following is NOT related to “physical satisfaction“?（A）A successful career.（B） A comfortable home.（C） A good meal.（D）A family car.19 What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?（A）The more goods the better.（B） The more mental satisfaction
35、the better.（C） The more “luxury“ items the better.（D）The more earnings the better.20 The author tends to think that the fifth level_.（A）would be little better than the fourth level（B） may be a lot more desirable than the first four（C） can be the last and most satisfying level（D）will become attainabl
36、e before the government takes actions专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 13 答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by black
37、ening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 全文分两段：第一段着重阐述美国初等教育是要给小孩创造一个充满快乐和兴趣的成长氛围。the important thing is to make thechildren happy and interested，“ 重要的是让孩子们快乐和有兴趣 ”；第二段主要阐述初等教育所包含的社会化教育，培养孩子们在竞争的过程中有合作的意识。So the emphasis is oncooperation rather than competition
38、throughoutmost of this process“所以这一过程中强调合作而不是竞争。”因此，D 项是正确的，其他几项在文章中没有提到，不符合题意。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 由文章第一段最后一句话“The oldauthoritarian( 要绝对服从的)methods ofeducation were discredited(不被认可)rather along time ago 一 so much so that many people nowthink that they have gone too far in the direction oftr
39、ying to make children happy and interestedrather than giving them actual instruction”可以判断出某些美国人抱怨初等教育的原因在于忽视了应该给孩子们一些实际的指导。因此，正确答案是 D。前三项都不是抱怨的原因。【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题考查考生对全文基调的把握，即作者的态度问题。通过全文，尤其是最后一句话可以看出作者对美国的教育是持赞美态度的。【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题考查考生对细节的理解。文中第二段第二句提到“So the emphasis i
40、s oncooperation rather than competition throughoutmost of this process”，所以这一过程中强调合作而不是竞争。依据以上句子可判断，C 为正确选项。【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题是词义题，考查考生根据上下文对具体词语的理解。由文章最后一句话可知选 B。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解6 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据文章的第一段第一句话：AdamSmith was the first person to see the importance ofthe division of the
41、 labor可知劳动分工的重要性也就是劳动分工对生产效率的作用、影响。所以 C 为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章具体细节的把握及对全文的概括总结能力。答案对应于文章的第三段，通过数据史密斯说明了劳动分工极大地提高了生产效率，增加了产量。只有 B 项符合文意。【知识模块】 阅读理解8 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 通过上题分析，很容易得出答案。且 A、B 、D 原文都明显没有提到。所以 C 为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章具体细节的把握。答案对应于文章最后一段第三句话buthe also
42、took it for granted that division of labor isitself responsible for economic growth anddevelopment所以 C 为正确选项。【知识模块】 阅读理解10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章具体细节的把握。关键在 by no means(绝不)这个词组上。从题的分析看，劳动分工本身不能保证经济增长，但不能就因此说劳动分工根本不能促进经济增长。故选 C 项。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解11 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 从文章的第一段可知智力不是指某人在智力测验中获得高分，也不
43、是指在学校里成绩优异，而是指人的生活、行为方式，尤其是面对新的环境或困境时。因此智力是指应对生活的能力。【知识模块】 阅读理解12 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 答案在文章的第二段：“when in anew situation，an intelligent person thinks aboutthe situation，not about himself or what mighthappen to him He tries to find out all he can，andthen he acts immediately and tries to do somethingabout i
44、t”因此面对新的局面，智商高的人会想着如何去应对。【知识模块】 阅读理解13 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 答案在文章的第二段：“if he cantmake things work out right，he doesnt feelashamed that he failed ；he just tries to learn fromhis mistakes”因此，如果一个聪明人失败了，他会从失败中学到东西。【知识模块】 阅读理解14 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 答案在文章的最后一段。“They areactually two different kinds of people，not jus
45、t thesame kind with different amount of intelligence”因此聪明和不聪明的孩子实际是两种不同类型的人。【知识模块】 阅读理解15 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 文章前两段分别谈到了聪明人的行为表现，并举例说明了他们失败后会怎样；最后一段谈到聪明和不聪明的孩子实际上是两种不同类型的人，因此可以断定下面应该谈如何教育不聪明的孩子了。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解16 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题答案对应于第一、三段。文章的第一段提到一个人有了吃的就会想到再要件衣服，第三段又说最基本的需求是食物，这个层次的需求得到满足后人就会考虑
46、服装和住的地方。综合判断，所以选 C，即他不再饥饿后就会产生对住处和衣服的需求。【知识模块】 阅读理解17 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 文章第三段中说第二次世界大战结束时，对于大多数美国人来说，食品、服装以及住所的需求都满足了，然后第三个层次的需求，包括汽车和新房子便出现了。这说明第二次世界大战结束时大多数美国人还没有汽车。A 项“很富有”，意思不明。B 项“生活在贫困中”，不符合文意。C 项“满足了前三个层次的需求”，也不正确，因为这时第三个层次的需求才刚刚出现。【知识模块】 阅读理解18 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题答案对应于文章的第四段，第四段第三行说 physical sati
47、sfaction 包括食物、舒适、安全感、交通工具，在 B、C 、D 中都有体现。故选A。【知识模块】 阅读理解19 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题答案对应文章第四段，其中第三句说到：“this level stresses mental needs”，也就是说第四个层次的需求强调的是精神需求，所以选 B。【知识模块】 阅读理解20 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题考查考生对作者意思的整体把握。先看 A 项“比第四个层次要好一些”，意思含糊。C 项“是最终的、最令人满意的需求层次 ”，太绝对。D 项“在政府采取行动之前就能实现”，不合文意。文章说第五个层次的需求要通过集体行动实现，即人们付钱给政府，让其对抗疾病、愚昧、犯罪与不公。可见这要在政府采取行动后实现。而 B 项的意思是“比前四个层次的需求更值得拥有”，这是正确的。【知识模块】 阅读理解
