1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 20 及答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on th
2、e Answer Sheet.0 The appeal of advertising to buying motives can both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisements have appealed to people s desire for better fuel economy for th
3、eir cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage . Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers money.Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago, a brand of bread was offered to dieters(节食者)with the message that there were
4、fewer calories(热量单位, 卡路里)in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic(适合于节食的), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consume
5、rs real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If
6、 consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers
7、, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control final buying decision.1 Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless product by_.（A）stressing their high quality（B） convincing him of their low price（C） maintaining a balance between quality and price（D）appealing to h
8、is buying motives2 The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that_.（A）thin slices of bread could contain more calories（B） the loaf was cut into regular slices（C） the bread was not genuine bread（D）the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same3 The passage tells us that_.（A）
9、sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs（B） advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they dont need（C） the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements（D）fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment4 It can be inferred from the passage th
10、at a smart consumer should _.（A）think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisements（B） guard against the deceiving nature of advertisements（C） be familiar with various advertising strategies（D）avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal5 The passage is mainly about_.（A）how
11、 to make a wise buying decision（B） ways to protect the interests of the consumer（C） the positive and negative aspects of advertising（D）the function of advertisements in promoting sales5 In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must ph
12、ysiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called “classical conditioning“. This occurs when one
13、event or stimulus is consistently paired with or followed by, a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associates his mother s face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in
14、 a similar fashion.The second kind of learning is called “operant conditioning“. This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cudd
15、les him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with other
16、people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is m
17、ean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.6 The author s main purpose in writing the passage is to _.（A）teach children how to learn to produce and experience ce
18、rtain emotions（B） give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learning（C） give parents some advice on how to modify their children s emotions through learning（D）discuss with psychologists how positive and negative feelings are produced7 If your jokes often find a ready echo in a person,
19、 you will learn through _that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.（A）classical conditioning（B） neither of them（C） operant conditioning（D）some other sorts of conditioning8 If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he
20、 may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. This is a typical example of learning through_.（A）classical conditioning（B） both of them（C） operant conditioning（D）neither of them9 In the third paragraph, the author is_.（A）discussing how we grow an
21、d have new experiences every day（B） talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioning（C） concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and so on（D）using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning 10 In the followi
22、ng paragraphs the author will most probably go on to discuss_.（A）definitions of positive feelings and negative feelings（B） the third kind of learning（C） further examples of learning through operant conditioning（D）none of the above10 The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched(草盖的)roof cot
23、tages around a church; a driver through a narrow village street lined with thatched cottages painted pink or white; the sight over the rolling hills of a pretty collection of thatched farm buildingsthese are still common sights in parts of England. Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an
24、 essential part of the attraction of the English countryside.Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practised in the British Isles. Although thatch has always been used for cottage and farm buildings, it was once used for castles and churches, too.Thatching is a solitary craft, w
25、hich often runs in families. The craft of thatching as it is practiced today has changed very little since the Middle Ages. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. Many property owners choose that
26、ch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter.In fact, if we look at developing countries, over half the world lives under thatch, but they all do it different ways. People in developing countries are often reluctant to go back to traditional ma
27、terials and would prefer modern buildings. However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials. Their temporary mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months. Thatch which has been done the British way lasts from twenty to sixty years, and is an
28、 effective defense against the heat.11 Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside?（A）Narrow streets lined with pink or while houses.（B） Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings.（C） Cottages with thatched roofs.（D）Churches with cottages around them.12 What do we know a
29、bout thatching as a craft?（A）It is a collective activity.（B） It is practised on farms all over England.（C） It is quite different from what it used to be.（D）It is in most cases handed down among family members.13 Thatched houses are still preferred because of_.（A）their style and comfort（B） their dura
30、bility（C） their easy maintenance（D）their cheap and ready-made materials14 People in developing countries also live under thatch because_.（A）thatched cottages are a big tourist attraction（B） thatched roof houses are the cheapest（C） thatch is an effective defense against the heat（D）they like thatched
31、houses better than other buildings15 We can learn from the passage that_.（A）thatched cottages in England have been passed down from ancient times（B） thatching is a building craft first creates by the English（C） the English people have a special liking for thatched houses（D）most thatched cottages in
32、England are located on hillsides15 Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you
33、re “hot“. That s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologu
34、es(自言自语)as: “ Get up, John! You 11 be late for work again! “ The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the famil
35、y has.You can t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract(对抗)your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If yo
36、ur energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won t change your cycle, but you 11 get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn(呵欠)and stretch. Sit
37、 on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.16 If a person
38、finds getting up early a problem, most probably_.（A）he is a lazy person（B） he refuses to follow his own energy cycle（C） he is not sure when his energy is low（D）he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening17 Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?（A）Unawareness o
39、f energy cycles.（B） Familiar monologues.（C） A change in a family member s energy cycle.（D）Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.18 If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should_.（A）change his energy cycle（B） overcome his laziness（C） get up ea
40、rlier than usual（D）go to bed earlier19 You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will_.（A）help to keep your energy for the day s work（B） help you to control your temper early in the day（C） enable you to concentrate on your routine work（D）keep your energy cycle under control all day2
41、0 Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?（A）Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one s energy.（B） Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.（C） Habit helps one adapt to his own energy cycle.（D）Children have energy cycles, too.专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 20
42、 答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.【知
43、识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 由文章第一段前两句话及所给的例子可以推知，广告通过激发消费者的购买欲望来使其购买物品，故选 D。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 第二段最后一句话说“There werefewet calories because it was sliced very thin，butthere were the same number of calories in everyloaf”选项 D 是换了一个说法而已，所以 D 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 文中第一段倒数第二句“Some of thepr
44、oducts work ”和第三段第一句“On thepositive side ，emotional appeals may respond to aconsumers real concerns”与选项中的“really sellwhat the consumer needs”意义相符。故选 A。【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 在论述了广告正反两方面的影响后，第四段又有“Each consumer must evaluate her orhis own situation”(消费者应有自己的评判)，这正是 A 的意思。【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正确答案】 C【试题
45、解析】 首段首句即是中心，而且文章第二段讲广告的消极影响，第三段讲广告的积极影响，选项 C 包括这两方面，因此为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 通读全文可看出，文章主要是关于两个定义的讲述：一种是“经典性条件反射”，一种是“操作性条件反射”。文章对这两种模式进行了解释，因此读懂两个定义是非常关键的。所以选 B，其他三项均不正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 从文章第二段可知，“operant conditioning”是“learns to do things that produce rewards in hi
46、senvironment and learns not to do things thatproduee punishments”因此题目中的例子是“操作性条件反射”。【知识模块】 阅读理解8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 从文章第一段可知，“classical conditioning”是“This occurs when one event or stimulus isconsistently paired with or followed by， a rewardor punishment”因此题目中的例子是 “经典性条件反射 ”。答案为 A。【知识模块】 阅读理解9 【正确答案】 D【
47、试题解析】 第三段所举例子都是为了进一步说明经典性条件反射。【知识模块】 阅读理解10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 从文章结构来看，文章一开始就说明了学习的两种模式，而后又分别定义了这两种模式“经典性条件反射”和“操作性条件反射”。第三段是进一步举例说明经典性条件反射，由此可以推断下一段将进一步举例说明操作性条件反射。故选 C。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解11 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 第一段末句“Most people will agree thatthe thatched roof is an essential part of theattraction of th
48、e English countryside”其中“essential part of the attraction”与题目中的“aunique feature”相对应，故选 C。【知识模块】 阅读理解12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 第三段第一句说“Thatching is a solitarycraft，which often runs in families”其中 “runs infamilies”与 D 选项一致，故 D 正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解13 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 第三段末句“Many property owners choosethatch not only fo
49、r its beauty but because they knowit will keep them cool in summer and warm inwinter”与选项 A 一致。【知识模块】 阅读理解14 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 文章第四段第三句讲到“However，theymay lack the money to allow them to import thenecessary materials”即解释了为什么发展中国家的人们居住在草屋里。故选 B。【知识模块】 阅读理解15 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据文章第二段第一句“Thatching isin fact the oldest of all the building crafts practisedin the British Isles(英伦诸岛)”可以推断，A 为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解16 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 第二段中倒数第二句说到“The possibleexplanation to the trouble
