1、中华人民共和国专业标准奶牛饲养标准ZB B 43007一86Feeding standard for dairy cattle本标准适用十奶牛配合饲料工厂，国营、集体、专业户奶牛场配合饲料和日粮。能t体系1.1产奶净能本标准将奶牛的产奶、维持、增重、妊娠和生长所需能量均统一用产奶净能表示(饲料能量转化为牛奶的能hi称产奶净能)。1.2奶牛能量单位用相当于1 kg含脂4%的标准乳能量，即31380产奶净能作为一个“奶牛能量单位”，汉字拼音缩写成NNDo即:NND二产奶净能(kJ)3138 (kJ)2干物质和粗纤维给f2.1千物质给量干物质进食量(kg)二0.或:于物质进食量(kg)二062 W
2、0”十0. 40Y(适于偏精料型日粮，即精粗料比约为60:40)0.062W0 7+0.45Y(适于偏粗料型日粮，即精粗料比约为4555)(1)式中:Y标准乳重量，kg,W牛的体重，kg.2.2粗纤维给量奶牛日粮粗纤维含量以17%为宜，下限不低于日粮干物质的13%,3成年母牛能f摇要3. 1维持能量需要3.1.1舍饲时的维持需要在中立温度拴系饲养条件下，奶牛的绝食代谢产热(kJ)二293W”。对消遥运动可增加20%的给缝，即为356W0 70k7。第一泌乳期的能量需要应在维持基础上增加20%，第二泌乳期应增加10%03.1.2放牧运动时的维持需要放牧运动时，水平行走的维持需要见表1。中华人民共
3、和国农牧渔业部1986一12一12发布1987一02一01实施ZB B 43007一86kJ/(fl头)行走公里1.5./s364W“372甲。381邵0393甲0dn6W令:368招.”377甲0，5385W”398Wu.,e连S仑W0”3.1.3不同气温条件下的维持需要在18“C基础上，平均每下降1产热增加2.5k1/ (W0 024h) a维持需要在5时为389W”、。时为402W“一”、一5时为414W0”、一10 c时为427W0”、一150C时为439W 0”。3.2产奶能量需要牛奶的能量含量，按下列几种公式计算:每千克牛奶含有的能量(kJ/kg奶)= 1433.65十415.30
4、 x乳脂率(2)每一r克牛奶含有的能量(kJ/kg奶)二750. 00 + 387. 98 x乳脂率+163.97 x乳蛋白率十55.02x孚L搪率，(3)每千克牛奶含有的能量(kJ/kg奶)=一166. 19 + 249. 16/乳总干物质率(4)3.3产奶母牛的体重变化与能量需要成年母牛每增重1 kg约相当于8 kg标准乳(25.1 /3. 138 = 8 )。减重的产奶利用率为0. 82 0每减重1 kg产生20.581U产奶净能(25.1 x 0.82二20.58)，即6. 56 kg标准乳。3.4产奶母牛不同生理阶段的能量需要3.4. 1产后泌乳初期的能量需要产后泌乳初期阶段，母牛对
5、能量进食不足，须动用体内贮存的能量去满足产奶需要。在此期间应防i几过度减重。中国黑白花奶牛最高日产奶量一般多出现在产后60天以内。当食欲恢复后，采用引导饲养法。3.4.2泌乳后期和怀孕后期的妊娠能量需要牛妊娠的代谢能利用效率平均为0.133。每一兆焦的妊娠能量所需代谢能为7.5M7,即相当于4.87Ml产奶净能。按此计算，妊娠6 , 7 , 8 , 9月时，每天应在维持基础上增加4.18, 7.11. 12.55和20.92 Ml产奶净能。产奶母牛的蛋白质储要本标准用粗蛋白和可消化粗蛋白。4. 1维持和产奶的蛋白质需要维持的可消化粗蛋白质为3.01f“ .s (9)或粗蛋白4.6Wo.“ (g
6、)时，平均每千克标准乳给粗蛋白质859或可消化粗蛋白55go4.2妊娠的蛋白质需要粗蛋白质用于妊娠的效率按42%计算，在维持的基础土可消化粗蛋白质的给量。妊娠6个月时为779, 7个月时为1459, 8个月时为2558, 9个月时为4039.5产奶牛的钙礴和食盐需要维持需要每l00kg体重给68钙和4.59磷，每千克标准乳给4.59钙和39磷。钙磷比为2t1至1.31。食欲的需要量，维持需要每l00kg休重给39，每产1 kg标准乳给1.29。ZB B 43007一866生长牛的营养需要一6.1能量需要维持需要:生长母牛绝食代谢(MI )在此基础仁加10%的活动量为维持需要量。生长母牛增重的净
7、能需要:0.531伴。6，二增重的能量沉积(MI)增重(kg) x Cl. 5+0.0045+体重(kg)1一0. 30 x增重(kg)x 4. 184沉积(M1) .(6)生长母牛的干物质参考给量(kg)=NN D x 0.45(7)生长公牛的维持能量需要与生长母牛相同。由于生长公牛增重的能量利用效率比生长母牛稍高，故生长公牛增重的能量需要按生长母牛的90%计算。6.2蛋白质需要增重的蛋白质沉积(g/日)二dW (170. 22一0.1731W+0.00017WI )x (1.12一0. 1258 dW)，4(8)式中:AV-增重速度，kg/日，睁体重，kg.体重l00kg以上的生长牛可消化
8、粗蛋白质的利用效率为46。幼龄时效率较高。体重40- 60kg为60 is。70一90kg为50%。维持的可消化粗蛋白质需要，200kg体重以下为2. 6W”(g)，200 k g以上为3W0”(g).6.3矿物质需要生长牛钙的维持需要每l00kg体重给6 g，每千克增重给209.磷的维持需要每l00kg体重给5 g,侮千克增重给logo了种公牛的营养需要种公牛的能量需要应根据保持正常采精和种用体况而定。种公牛的能量需要(MJ)=0. 39O W (9)粗蛋白质需要(g)=6.15Wo.,s. (10)种公牛的日粮千物质给量(kg)=NNDx0.60 (11).饲料产奶净能的计算产奶净能(MJ
9、/kg干物质)- 2. 302 D E一0. 3958一(12)式中:DE消化能，MJ/kg干物质。，各种牛的营养衡要表9. 1成母牛维持的营养需要见表2:ZB B 43007一I?表2kg重日粮于物质 kg奶牛能量单位NNO产奶净能 M7可消化粗蛋自 g粗蛋白质 9gg胡萝卜素 m9 维生素A(国际单位)350.5.029.1728.7924337421163715 0004005.5510.1331.8026841324184217 0004506.0611.0734.7329345127204819 0005006.5611.9737.5731748830225321 0005507.0
10、412.8840.3834152433255823 0006007.5213.7343.1036455936276426 0006507. 9814.5945.77386594393Q6928 0007008.44巧.4348.4140862842327430 0007508.8916.2450.9643066145347932 000注对第一个泌乳期的维持需要按表2基础增加20%.第二个泌乳期增加10%0如第一个泌乳期的年龄和体重过小，应按生长牛的需要计算实际增重的营养需要。放牧运动时，须在表2基础上增加能最需要量，按正文中的说明计算。在环境温度低的情况下，维持能最消耗增加，须在表2基础上增
11、加需要量，按正文说明计算。泌乳期间，每增重I k9体重需增加8NND和5009粗蛋白;每减重I kg需扣除6.56NND和3858粗I白。二2每产1 kg奶的营养需要见表3:表3乳驹率日粮干物质 kg奶牛能最单位 NND产奶净能 Ml可消化粗蛋白 9taxg白864g2. 50.31 -0.350.802.5144683.62.43.00.34-0.380.872.7248743.92.63.50.37-0.410.932.9352804.22.84.00.40-0.451.003. 1455854.53.04. 50.43-0.491.063.3558894.83.25. 00.46-0.5
12、21. 133.5263975. 13.45.50.49 -0.551. 193.72661025.43.6，.3母牛怀孕最后四个月的营养需要见表4:卫66ZB B 43007一86表4W dikg怀孕月份13粮物质 kgNND产奶净能 M1f t肖化粗蛋自 9f1-Ej8钙磷胡萝卜素m9维生素A(千单位)9-州2022259一2?31374535)10.5111.4413.1715.8432.9735.9041.3449.54451518629777川川409505溯翩723870303440铭一朋3743乳一3640弱5411.4712.4014.1316.8035.9938.9244.3
13、652.72318362434530489557668吕152224罚四阴卿.681!:12.4013.3315.0717.7338.9241.8447.2855.65343387459555528595706R5425272932565632743891了.J九几n匀口，日U7，j.崎j怪只7.317.828.7810.2413.3214.2515.99I8 .6541.8044.7350.1758.54400一450一溯10539434957-42465260-454955的60266978092839143550760355014.20巧.1316.8719.5344.5647.4952
14、.9361 .30即31筋刀29313336-313335朋6008.278.789.7311.2015.0716.0017.7320.4047.2850.2155.6564.024144585306266377058159631145.749.2510.2111.6715.9216.8518.5921.2549.9652.8958.3366.704364805526486717388499971249.229.7110.6712.1316.7617.6919.4322.0952.6055.5360.9769.3345850257467070577288310311333436384148能朋
15、能吸了n吕n曰俐一70036384043515561697509.6510.16ll.1112.5名17.5718.5120.2422.9155.1558.0863.5271 .89480524596代927388069171065143E7只9干奶期间按表4计算营养需要。怀孕第6个月如未干奶，除按表4计算营养需要外还应加产奶的营养需要。9.4生长母牛的营养需要见表5Zs s 43001一.B表5f* lkg日A9重日粮于物质 kg奶牛能量单位NND产奶净能 M1可消化粗蛋白 9ml9白gAg胡萝卜素 mg维生素A(下乍位)4002003004005006007008002.202.672.9
16、33.233.523.844.194.566.918.379.2110.1311.0512.0513.1414.3141100130158185212238263631542002432853263664052681112141618245678101144444444。O.1.2.3.4.5，6.711111111.6.6.77.88.895003004005006007008002.563.323.603.924.244.604.998.0410.4211.3012.3113.3114.4415.65491371651922182442697521125429533537541439111
17、3151719356吕910115.05.35.45.55.65.75.82.02.12. 22.22.22.32.36003004005006007008002.893.673.964.284.634.995.379.0811.5112.4313.4414.5215.6516.875614317019822324927486220262303343383422一;203568910116.06.36.46.56.66.76.82. 42. 52.62.62.62. 72.77003004005006007008001.221.671.852.032.212.392.613.214.014.3
18、24.644.995.365.7610.0912.6013.5614.5715.6516.8218.0862165198231260291321952543053554004484944101214161820467810I1127.07.98.18.38.48.5862. 83.23.23.33.43.43.48003004005006007008001.351.801.982. 162.342. 572.793.511.804.644.965.325.716.1211.0113.5614.5715.5716.7017.9119.2170172205237267297327108265315
19、365411457503511131517192146781011128.09.09.19.29.39.49.53.23.63.63.73.73.83.890030040050060070061101.451.842.122.302.482.702.9313.804.644.965.295.656.056.4811.9314.5715.5716.6217.7519.0020.3476177210241271301331117272323371417463509612141618202257891112139.09.59.79.910.110.310.53.63.83.94.04. 04. 14
20、.2IOU03004005006001.622. 072.252.432.664.084.935.275.615.9912.8115.4916.5317.6218.798219122626029212629434840044961314161857891110.010.510.711.011.24. 04.2434. 444卜卜ZB B 48007一as续表5确g钙gf* Akg日it9重产奶净能M1VAI r39胡萝卜素mg维生素人(千单位)捅竺5()52川5454555657划一60636465666.8侧7072-707374肠7678侧80;20况一814161820222426281
21、00;:;:;:一;:;:;匕八曰且，吕目1乌空do日少了79、.通一匀Q叶1，1417181921刀2329277364?751763J马55卜0hllll月日893957四0224517405卜乞乙乙乙衣东乙么1250300400500600700800900100097204238271302334366396423149314366417465514563609651150157160163166170173洲18x891011121314161791517192123筋27朋111216249282312243374404430171331383434480528575622662R
22、n，J啥月从呼n6nll门U闷了。00，1月任吕，中no口1619即22路242628293531游05.47?.92湘仁Jh0扣1斤泞门了0口OnO.217088113360831041入去2.3.东3.3.4.4.15003004005006007008009001000乃沱石沼注月浮月沼1718181819均19即即91011121314巧拓171750300400500600700800900100012522726029332235338341243819234940045149554358963467462144894451292肪9418222324邓28293133么水3.东东
23、东毛毛么8.08.48.68.89.09.29.49.6g8刀刀币刀巧月石泪巧202121222223韶24翻nUI走咋乙凡JJ生5nllg曰1111，1，1走1.目11)111719儿23巧27器31-121820222426朋洲320300400500600700800900100024640245149854559163568071816026129332435438441344246734024495583418234120时252628303234365.937057.48晰8.438.96953朴一6487658.118599119.67呻116048022042659219508
24、2-702951749623558618乞3.3.东次东屯东乐卜曰6Q目曰，匀月夸RO吕户曰.-:1010101111二11二12nsn气OSCSC钊肠肪27272828四29朋1314巧161718均即211521232527293133肠291440488535578623668川7480八nt了OO65J40心U18加31343740434648J马nU，IJ泊皿亡nll八口nJ朽了马口OnO弓5Qll2327293032343638417538.839.319.83l040ll01ll651237l3.l320盯肠3259861854903.3.4.4.屯东乐乐乳03004005006
25、007008009001000200-25cZ已B 43007一8续表5磷9-1516171819加2122231* 1kg日1“*9日粮干物质 kg产奶净能 ml可消化粗蛋白 gwl9白钙胡萝卜素 mg维生素A(二厂单位)12D12612813013213.413.813.814.c30031532032533033J34034.535018洲2628洲323436洲26.7031.6433.5235.4937,6227.3742.3945.0748.0021631134137139842745448150533247852557161265769874077751086831”725136
26、2981010llnl21314156937599118498521印肠舀J性dd合:口弓卜匕h0300400500600700800900100014014715015215.4树翩默八”RdnUR勺。J月nU35363738383939404118192021222324252637451756260664869173277480903004005006007008009001000:;9.243336365394421449476503:52T659那910434815342562934363941434649524311764417968311111213131415拓招457608湘
27、84295U工勺.匕肉0直0即才16x16817217618018418.819219.6395488肠”8797400032384043454851弱5932280381“5756“80101213131415161718553663943066074797J叹亡J口尹3hdOll，7.0300400Soo600700800900100040.042.043.044.045.046.047.048.049.0nn乙End宜，幻n181919202020212122nnn八Unll八补n曰n曰户引4548495051能5354552021222324252627路一2324252627邓293
28、031212729313335373941-24303234363840“44-2733353739封434547412552597642683725766806842一451589634678718760802842875268359388417444471498524547-2933834124414674945215475690359067059“的5948肠牡4446495255596300即105080刘701060al台点0匕浦0，.甲才00月3003504004560300400500600700goo900100011.1613.2514.0414.8815.8016.7917
29、.8418.9920.23n，内OnjqO口勺6nll20皿2122况跄232324500530540制560570580590600一泪制洲60025翁27282930313233一2829303130363840妮4446胡50-33阳4143488626671715755797837877912一525665709752317407436465491518544570693一34143246148937.58，玉.1叮口0曰nd.11口0公，L月诊七口45:;47505457616570403060的30802070即5.6.氏7.7.7.8.8.乐5000300400500600700
30、800900100011.9714.3715.2716.2417.2718.3919.6120.9122.33220232236240550六03004005005.806.807. 107.5012.7715.3116.2717.2940.0948.0451.0554.27ZB B 48007一88续表5W11kg日in9重日粮干物质 kg奶牛能量单位NND产奶净能 M7可消化粗蛋白 91919白g9胡萝卜素 m9维生紊人(干单位)55060070080090010007.908.308.809.309.9018.4019.5720.8522.2523.7657.7461.4365.4469
31、.8474,565165435705966187948358779179514547495153323334353661.062.063.064.065.024.424.925.225.626.0600030040050060070080090010006.207.207.608.008.408.909.409.9010.5013.5316.3917.4818.6419.8821.2322.6724.2425.9342.4751.4354.8658.5062.3966.6171.1376.0781.383644564855145415685956226455607027467918328749
32、1595799236424446485052545630313233343536373860.066.067.068.069.070.071.072.073.024.026.425.827.227.628.029.428.829.29.5生长公牛的营养需要见表6:表64b:kg日A f9日校干物质 kg奶牛能且单位NND产奶净能 M7可消化粗蛋白 BIftAin88A9胡萝卜素 mg维生素人(千单位)4Q02003004005006007008002.202.632.873.123.393.683.994.326.918.259.009-8010.6311.5512.5213.56411001
33、301581852122382633154200243285326366405268111214161824567810114.04.14.24.34.44.54.64.7111.61.61.71.71.8.81.8【。9500300叨05006007008002.563.243.513.774.084.404.738.0410.1711_0111.8512.8113.8114-8649137165192218244269752112542953353754143911131517193568910115.05.35.45. 55.65.75.82.02.12.22.22.22.3236003
34、00400500600一7008002.893.603.854.154.454.775. 139.0811.3012.1013.0213.9814.9816.11561431701982232492748 622026230334338342241012141618203568910116.06.36.46.56.66.76.82. 42.52.62.62.62.72.77003004005006001.21.61.81.92.13.213.934.204.494.8110.0912.3513.1814.11巧116216519823126095254305355400410121416467
35、8107.07.98.18.38.42.83.23.23.33.4夕7ZB B 43007一CT续表61* Wkg日1m9重日粮F=物质 kg奶牛能量单位NND产奶净能 M1可r肖化粗蛋自 9Cli 519V-g64g胡萝卜素 mg维生素A(一卜单位)70;:;:;1:;:;:;:;:一;一:8003004005006007008001.41.81.92.12.32.42.73.514.244.524.815. 135.485.85】J11.0113.3114.1915.1116.1117.2018.37701722052372672973271082653153654114575035111
36、31517192146781011128.09.09.19.29.39.49.53.23.63.63.73.73.83.89003004005006007008001.51.92.12.22.42.62.83.804.564.845. 155.475.836.201】!11.9314.3115.1916.1617.1618.2919.4676177210241271301331117272323371417463509612141618202257891112139.09.59.79.910.110.310.53.63.83.94.04.04. 14.210003004005006007008
37、001.62.02.22.32.52.72.94.084.855.155.455.796.166.5512.8115.2316.1617.1218.1619.3420.5582191226260292325356126294348400449500548613141618,20225789111213J】10.010.510.711.011.211.411.64司司月闷司乙01. 21. 31. 41.4l.l5孟.6125030040050060070080090010001.92.32.52.72.93.13.33.63.84.735.555.876.196.556.937.337.798
38、.2814.8617.4118.4119.4220.5521.7623.0224.4425.999720423827130233436639642314931436641746551456360965181416182022242628678101112131416，12.513.013.213.413.613.814.014.214.45.05.25.35. 45.45.55.65.75.8150030040050060070080090010002.22.72.83.03.23.43.73.94.25.356.216.536.887.257.678.098.569.0816.7819.50
39、20.5121.5922.7724.0625.4026.8728.501112162492823123433744044301713313834344805285756226291517192123252729891011121314161715.015.716.016.316.617.017.317,618.06.06.36.46.56.66.86.97.07.217503004005006007008002.52.93.23.33.63.84.05.936.957.327.758. 178.659.1718.6221.8022.9824.3125.6527.1628.79125227260
40、2933223533831923494004514955435891117192123252761011121314IS17.518.218.518.819.119.419.77.07.37.47.57.67.87.9ZB B 43007一86续表69-2931-12182022242628加32-152123器灯四3133351#kg日Alg日粮I物质 kg产奶净能 MJ可消化粗蛋内 9tlli9钙磷I胡萝卜素nIg维生素A(千单位)17519001000:;19.7210.32:;:;:十;:一别21别22况23232424203423642494262827742933310l32853
41、4.826487.5379583788493598810.4711092002.73.23.43.6381602612933243543844134424672464024514985455916356807188.08.48.68.89.09.29.49.69R4144摘50O3004005006007008009001000100106108110lljll4llfll.4洲250265洲27528028529029.5300131415161718均202123.6427.2828.6730.133l.7633.48352837.3339467.538699l3960l012l06711
42、24l1.8912.572500300400500600700800900100018928631734837640543446248629144048853557862366871174812.012612.813.013213.413J13814.0nsn气nsnsn3031咒3233333434浙15托1718192021即湘18加筋2830323436朋161141719827548105，户几占月Jod，Jd4)吃亡;:;332478525571612657698740777328534.61365338.5840.8443.2345.868519.921047l1.03ll.641
43、229l30l13.7?14.613.23.8倒4.24.54.75053刘-3743454.85.05.356596303004005006007008009001000nll自，J，.Odll141415151515151616.旧名J旧汤忍旧.4刃353637383839394041招19202122路242526-2021222324252627朋212729313335373941一24303234363840妇447417时064891327409，JUJS一h一b户b叮t7.R2433363653944214494765035260叶1上nUR了0曰相幻划钊亡d，曰，翻介UJ九J
44、ODJ，2934363840妮“47509.43l093ll.53l2.1312.8013.5ll4.29l5.12l60l414.850535.6596.266划03004005006007008009001000300一350月名忍币乃.4泪.2浦6户n内了，了On口n翻QO曰.1111).且.胜.几工，1，上月月刀jj刀刀.0旧404243科45464748叨口户，1巧65)啥n由nn少目月丹n翻nU，亡n，白八U八11几j32374042“47505356320876472305939195nU，内八J一a弓Rll4000300400500611070080090016004.55.3
45、5.55.86.16.46.87.27.6268359388417444471498524547412552597642683725766806842ZB B 48007-86续表61mkg日H日粮干物质 kg奶牛能鱼单位NND产奶净能 M1可消化粗蛋白 H粗H白$isgAg胡萝卜素 m8维生素A(千单位)450030040050060070080090010005.05.了6.06.36.77. 07.47.88.2)】11.1613.0413.7514.5115.3316.2117.1718.2019.3235.0340.9243.1445.5348.1250.8853.8957.1260
46、.6329338341244146749452154756945158963467871876080284287527333537394143454723242526272829303145.048.049.050.051 .052.053.054.055.018.019.219.620.020.420.821.221.622.0500030040050060070080090010005.46.26.56.87.17.68.08.4g911.9714.1314.9315.8116.7317.7518.8520.0121.2937.5844.3646.8749.6352.5155.6959.1
47、762.8166.82317407436465491518544570593!1:162667171575579783787791230363840424446485习25262728293031323350.053.054.055.056.057.058.059.060.020.021.221 .622.022.422.823.223.624.0550030040050060070080090010005.86.76.97.37.78.19.58.99.512.7715.0415.9216.8417.8418.8920.0421.3122.6740.0947.2049.9652.8555.9
48、959.2962.8966.8771.1334143246148951654357059618525665709752794835877917951303941434547:h.51532829303132333433655.058.059.060.061.062.063.063.065.022.023.223.624.024.424.825.225.626.0600030040050060070080090010006.27. 17.47.吕8.28.69.09.510.113.5316.1117.0818.1319.2420.4521.7623.1724.6942.4750.5553.60
49、56.9160.3864.1968.2972.7277.493644564855145415685956226465607027467918387491595799236424446485052545630313233343536373860.066.067.068.069.070.071 .072.073.024.026.426.827.227.628.028.428.829.29.6种公牛的营养需要见表7:表74*kg重日粮F物质 kg奶牛能量单位NND产奶净能 M1可消化粗蛋白 肠IUTKb8BB胡萝卜素 mB维生素A(千单位)500600700800g007.999.1710.2911.3
