1、全国自考(现代英语语法)模拟试卷 4 及答案与解析一、Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.1 The United States of America _ one of the most developed countries in the world. ( )(A)is(B) are(C) was(D)were2 The countrys wealth comes chiefly from its_
2、. ( )(A)herd of cattle(B) herd of catties(C) herds of cattle(D)herds of catties3 Today, Mary learned in_school how to behave well at _table. ( )(A)the;/(B) /;/(C) the;the(D)/;the4 If only I_that silly thing! ( )(A)havent done(B) hadnt done(C) didnt done(D)never done5 John is supposed_ his term paper
3、 last week, but he hasnt finished it yet. ( )(A)to hand in(B) to be handing in(C) to have handed in ,(D)to have been handed in6 Students_ to do some voluntary work every year.(A)were encouraged(B) are encouraged(C) encourage(D)encouraged7 Did you visit the famous museum?No. We_it,but we spent too mu
4、ch time shopping.( )(A)could have visited(B) must have visited(C) cant have visited(D)shouldnt have visited8 You_driven 70 miles an hour. Now tell me what we shall do with this speeding ticket? ( )(A)neednt have(B) couldnt have(C) mustnt have(D)shouldnt have9 Have you considered_your job as a teache
5、r?Yes. I like the job. because a teacher is often considered_ a gardener. ( )(A)to change, to be(B) to change, being(C) changing, being(D)changing, to be10 My sons hair is too long; it wants _. Ill have it _tomorrow. ( )(A)cutting, done(B) cutting, to be done(C) being cut, done(D)to be cut, to be do
6、ne11 I meant_you about it, but I forgot to do so. ( )(A)telling(B) having told(C) to tell(D)to have told12 Everything was perfect for the picnic _the weather. ( )(A)in place of(B) as well as(C) except for(D)in case of13 Dont worry. Your secret is safe_me. ( )(A)with(B) for(C) to(D)of14 The room is t
7、oo cold without heating and too small for a family of four. _, it is better than I expected. ( )(A)Still(B) But(C) And(D)So15 I have never seen a TV program _ the man cannot find a parking space at the very first try. ( )(A)where(B) which(C) when(D)there16 The audience _ requested to remain seated d
8、uring the intermission. ( )(A)are(B) is(C) were(D)be17 Ten minutes_an hour when Im depressed. ( )(A)seems(B) seem(C) seemed(D)is seeming18 The question is_he likes the place so much. ( )(A)when(B) which(C) how(D)why19 “Havent you been to London? “_been there. “ ( )(A)Yes, I havent(B) No, I havent(C)
9、 No, I have(D)Yes, I hadnt20 Only by working hard, _. ( )(A)you can succeed(B) can you succeed(C) do you succeed(D)do succeed you二、Fill in the blanks on the ANSWER SHEET with one of the items given.21 woman,women,womans,has,have,havingThe number of _ doctors in the hospital _ increased dramatically
10、over the past decade.22 the, other,another,all,either_Chinese had been making paper for hundreds of years, and from them_nations then learned to make it.23 hadnt,didnt,dont,am going to ,would,will Ann is in hospital.Oh,really? I_know. I_go and visit her.24 is now believing, is now believed, has now
11、believed, taught, teaching, being taughtIt _ that foreign languages are most easily_ to young children.25 eat,ate, enjoy, enjoyed, would enjoyMedical evidence suggests that most people_better health if they_less refined sugar.26 less,less of,than,as,likeMr. Smith is_a politician_Mr. Lee.27 which, wh
12、ich, what, what, that, thatThere is something _I want you to do but_you hate to do.28 is, are, was,were, itself, himself, themselvesThe family _enjoying _immensely at the Spring Festival dinner party.29 Which ,What, That, is, was, were_I need most at this moment_a shower.30 even though , as though ,
13、 although, understand, understood , understandingWhenever the professor explained something, she kept smiling and nodding her head from time to time_every word of his lecture.三、Fill in the blanks on the ANSWER SHEET with an item as required.31 With an appropriate pronoun:_tries to steal our company
14、cars all the time.32 With an appropriate pronoun:Please bring as much food as_can. The more, the better.33 With a determiner:Shes lost almost_friend she had.34 With a determiner:He lost_ parents when he was a child.35 With a modal verb:_you mind my troubling you with a question?36 With a modal verb:
15、He is not going to let us leave early if we_ get the work done.37 With an appropriate preposition:His father will be back from London_a few days.38 With an appropriate preposition:_hearing the good news, they jumped with joy.39 With an appropriate conjunct:If they start smoking those awful cigars,_I
16、m not staying.40 With an appropriate conjunct:Im afraid he has no choice but to do as he is told,_,he gets sacked.41 With an appropriate relative pronoun or relative adverb:That is the reason _ he is leaving so soon.42 With an appropriate relative pronoun or relative adverb:A few years later Mary re
17、turned home as a famous musician, a fact_ came as quite a surprise to her friends.43 With an appropriate link verb:Each man and woman_asked to complete a form.44 With an appropriate link verb:No body expert the youngsters_ left behind.45 With an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:They speak _ F
18、rench nor German, so I have to talk with them in English.46 With an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:Mr Smith graduated from California University in 2010 _now he is working as a lawyer.47 With a assertive, non-assertive or negative word: Its strange that she should_repeat the mistake.48 With
19、 a assertive, non-assertive or negative word: He doesnt stay here _longer.49 With a question tag:Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution,_?50 With a question tag:Man is the master of his own fate,_?四、Rewrite the following sentences as required.51 Using plural invariables:The chief o
20、f the tribe (部落) had his own means of catching a salmon (大马哈鱼).52 Using a genitive:The Prime Minister arrived. This was reported in yesterdays papers.53 Using passive voice:Does someone clean all the rooms regularly?54 Using a modal auxiliary:It is not possible that he made that mistake. 55 Using s
21、non-finite verb form:He pretended that he was reading the book when his mother entered the room.56 Using a adjective phrase:I have a problem that is much more complicated.57 Using a disjunct:From an artistic point of view, the film was a great success.58 Using a relative clause:I showed him a letter
22、. I received it this morning.59 Using subordination:He didnt know what had happened. I didnt know what had happened.60 Using an intensifier: Theres no excuse for such behavior.61 Adding a suitable tag:You should have arrived there tomorrow.62 Using an exclamation: It was so important an occasion.63
23、Using discontinuity:They found a wounded person with a broken leg lying on the floor upstairs.64 Using fronting:All life depends on this cycle.65 Using pseudo-cleft sentence: The students are going to write theses.五、Answer the following question. 66 How is “simple verb phrase“ different from “comple
24、x verb phrase“?六、Define the following terms with examples. 67 modal auxiliaries68 extraposition全国自考(现代英语语法)模拟试卷 4 答案与解析一、Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 专有名词,如国家名,即便以复数形式出现,谓语动词也用单数形式。表事实的句子用一般现在时。答案
25、为 A。2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 首先,cattle 是集体名词,表复数概念,因此 B 和 D 错。herd 是单位名词,意为“牧群”。从语义上判断,一个村庄的主要经济来源依靠多个牧群比依靠一个牧群更符合语境。原句意为:这个村庄的财富主要来自它的牧群(牧群不止一个)。答案为 C。3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题第一空表达的是“在学校里”而不是“在上学”的概念,因此应添加定冠词 the。第二空表达的是“用餐”的含义,应用没有冠词的 at table。答案为A。4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 If only 表示 “如果就好了”,其后的从句要用虚拟语气。如果该句子表示与现在事实相反
26、,谓语动词用一般过去体;与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成体。答案为 B。5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 译文:约翰上周就应该交他的学期论文了,可他到现在还没有完成。be supposed to do sth表示应该做某事。本句考查虚拟式,用 be supposed to have done 表示本该发生却没发生的事情。答案为 C。6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 encourage sbto do sth,意为“ 鼓励某人做某事”。students 与encourage 之间存在被动关系,需要被动语态;由时间状语 every year 可知,需用一般现在体。答案为 B。7 【正确答案】 A
27、【试题解析】 could have done sth意为“本可以做某事(却没有做)”;must have done sth指对过去的肯定推测,意为“一定做了某事”;cantcouldnt have done sth指对过去的否定推测,意为“一定没有做某事”;shouldnt have done sth意为“本不该做某事(却做了)”。本句意为:我们本可以参观这个著名博物馆的,但购物花费太多时间了。答案为 A。8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 第一句意为“你本不应该开到每小时 70 公里”,但是事实是相反的,因为从第二句中的 speeding ticket(超速罚单)可以看出。因此本题是对过去事情
28、的假设,表示“本不该做某事却做了”用 shouldnt have done 结构。答案为 D。9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 consider 意为“考虑”时,其后常接一 ing 形式(短语) 作宾语;意为“认为”时,其后常接含有名词、形容词或 to be 的复合结构。答案为 D。10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 译文:我儿子的头发太长了,该剪剪了。我明天带他去剪头发去。sthwant doing 的结构虽然是主动式的,其实表达的是被动的含义,和 sthwant to be done 表达的意义一样,这种情况下主语一般为物; have sthsbdodone 的结构中,当 sbsth与后面
29、的动词是主动关系时,动词用原形,当 sbsth 与后面的动词是被动关系时,动词用一 ed 分词。答案为A。11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 首先考虑到 mean to 的结构,所以先排除 A、B 两项。而且此处是讲述一件本来要做而没做的事情,要用虚拟语气,所以只能选 D。本句意为:本打算告诉你这件事的,可我忘了。答案为 D。12 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 in place of 意为“代替,取代”;as well as 意为“和”;except for意为“除之外”;in case of 意为“以防”。本句意为:除了天气,野餐就完美了。答案为 C。13 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题
30、考查介词的搭配。be securesafe with sb常表示某事物在某人那里是安全有保障的。答案为 A。14 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 译文:对于一个四 VI 之家来说,这个房间太小了而且还没有供暖。尽管如此,它还是比我想象中要好。由题意可知,前后两句为让步关系。but 表转折,and 表并列,so 表因果,still 表让步。答案为 A。 15 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 译文:我未在电视里看到过这个人无法立刻找到停车位的情况。关系分句中缺少的是 find a parking space 后面的地点状语,因此关系词要选用副词where。答案为 A。16 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】
31、 译文:在中场休息期问,观众被要求一直坐在座位上。这道题是考查对一致关系的掌握。当表示整体概念的集体名词作主语时,谓语为单数形式。这句话中强调的是“观众”这个整体概念。答案为 B。17 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 ten minutes 是一个整体时间,因此谓语动词要用单数形式,所以B 项是错误的;由于句子的时态为现在时,因此 C 项是错误的;句子中的 when 表示当的时候,主句可用进行体表示持续的一种状况。答案为 D。18 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 译文:问题是他为什么这么喜欢这个地方。本题考查表语分句的连接词。四个选项都可以引导表语分句,A、C、D 都在分句中作状语,但 A 表时间
32、;C 表方式;D 表原因;B 在分句中作主语或宾语。根据题意知本题要表原因。答案为 D。19 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 译文:“你没去过伦敦吗?”“是的,我没去过”。本题考查反问句的回答。无论反问句是肯定还是否定形式,回答都要根据事实来回答,而且 yes 一定要和肯定形式一起用,no 一定要和否定形式一起用。答案为 B。20 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 译文:只有通过努力工作,你才能成功。only 用在句首,要进行部分倒装,即将助动词提到主语之前。本题要表达的是成功的可能性,要用助动词can。答案为 B。二、Fill in the blanks on the ANSWER SHEET w
33、ith one of the items given.21 【正确答案】 women,has【试题解析】 man 和 woman 修饰名词复数时,本身也需变为复数形式,所以第一个空选 women。“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,所以第二个空选 has。答案为 women,has 。22 【正确答案】 The,other【试题解析】 译文:中华民族已有数百年的造纸历史了,并且其他国家也从中国人民那里学造纸。指“某国人”可用 the+adj表示,如 the English,the French 等等。第一空表示“中国人”,故用 the Chinese;othe
34、r 表示“其他的”;another 意为“又一个,再一个”,后接可数名词的单数;all 指所有的。根据题意知要排除掉中华民族,不能用 all。答案为 The,other。23 【正确答案】 didnt,will【试题解析】 第一个空是指说话人在说这句话之前不知道,所以用过去时;第二个空“去看望”是即将去做,所以用将来时。答案为 didnt,will。24 【正确答案】 is now believed,taught【试题解析】 译文:现在人们已经相信,英语是最容易教给小孩的。It is believed that为固定句型;本句为被动态,因此要选用一 ed 分词 taught。答案为is now
35、 believed,taught 。25 【正确答案】 would enioy,ate【试题解析】 译文:医学证据表明大部分人如果少吃些精制糖,身体就会更健康。由句意可知 that 分句包含了一个与现在事实相反的虚拟式,故 if 条件句用一般过去时,主句用 would+动词原形。答案为 would enioy,ate。26 【正确答案】 less of,than【试题解析】 A is less ofthan B 为习惯用法,意为“A 比 B 更缺乏“ 。本句意为:和李先生相比,史密斯先生更缺少政治家的头脑。答案为 less of,than。27 【正确答案】 that,which【试题解析】
36、当先行项为 all,everything,something ,none,little 等时,引导词只能为 that,不可用 which。但是如果关系分句与先行项隔了一段距离,特别是修饰成分与被修饰成分之间有另一个分句,这时用 which。答案为 that,which。28 【正确答案】 were ,themselves【试题解析】 译文:这一家人在春节晚宴上玩得极其尽必。family 一词作整体讲时,谓语动词用单数第三人称形式;强调一个个家庭成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。题中 family 应指第二种情况,相对应地,enjoy 后的反身代词就应为 themselves,构成人称的一致。由语境可
37、知事情发生在过去,时态应为一般过去时。答案为were,themselves。29 【正确答案】 What,is【试题解析】 名词性分句中缺少宾语,因此要用 what 引导。单个分句作主语时,谓语为单数形式。答案为 What,is。30 【正确答案】 as though,understanding【试题解析】 even though 意为“即使,即便”;as though 意为“仿佛,好像”。As though understanding 是 as though she is understanding 的省略表达。答案为 as though,understanding。三、Fill in th
38、e blanks on the ANSWER SHEET with an item as required.31 【正确答案】 Someone【试题解析】 someone 作代词时意为“某人,有人”,表示泛指。答案为Someone。32 【正确答案】 you【试题解析】 以 please 开头的祈使句是指请求某人做某事,其中的某人一般用代词 you。答案为 you。33 【正确答案】 every【试题解析】 由于 friend 是单数形式,不能用 all 来修饰,所以用 every。答案为every。 34 【正确答案】 bothhis【试题解析】 parents 是复数形式,又是两个人,可用
39、 both 修饰,也可以直接用his。答案为 bothhis 。35 【正确答案】 Would【试题解析】 would 用于第二个称,指现在时间,用于征询对方意见或建议,是一种比 will 更委婉的用法。答案为 Would。36 【正确答案】 cant【试题解析】 can 表示能力,cant 意思是“不能”。答案为 cant。37 【正确答案】 in【试题解析】 in+时间段表示从现在起一段时间之后。答案为 in。38 【正确答案】 On【试题解析】 on(ones)doing 意为“当时”,相当于 when 引导的时间状语从句。如 On(my)asking for information,I
40、 heard a loud noise outside。答案为 On。39 【正确答案】 then【试题解析】 if 条件句与后面的主语存在时间上的先后关系,所以可用顺序一连接性状语 then 来连接。答案为 then。40 【正确答案】 Otherwise【试题解析】 句意为:“他除了照要求做外别无选择。_,他被解雇。”可见,前后两个分句间存在推理关系,因此可选用推理一连接性状语 otherwise,单词居句首,首字母应大写。答案为 Otherwise。41 【正确答案】 for which【试题解析】 关系分句中缺少介词 for,可以将 for 提前。the reason 作先行项,且在关
41、系分句中作介词 for 的宾语,因此关系代词应选 which。介词 for 与 which共同引导关系分句。答案为 for which。42 【正确答案】 which that【试题解析】 译义:几年后,玛丽以一个著名音乐家的身份返回到家乡,这对于她的朋友来说是一件非常令人吃惊的事。先行项 a fact 指的是玛丽成为著名音乐家这件事,而菲抽象事实,并且后面的分句也缺少一个主语,因此关系代词可用 that或 which,但不能省略。答案为 whichthat。43 【正确答案】 wasis【试题解析】 当 each+名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,因为 each 强调的是“个体”。由于本句没
42、有时间标志词,可选用一般现在时或一般过去时。答案为wasis。44 【正确答案】 was【试题解析】 由连接词 as well as,rather than ,together with,along with,except 等连接的名词词组作主语时,通常情况下要遵循语法一致原则,即谓语动词的单复与这些连接词前面的名词保持一致。答案为 was。45 【正确答案】 neither【试题解析】 neithernor是固定结构,意为既不也不。答案为neither。46 【正确答案】 and【试题解析】 译文:史密斯先生 2010 年毕业于加利福尼亚大学,他现在是一名律师。先毕业后工作,这在时间上形成了
43、一种顺承关系,而 and 的用法之一就是表示两个相继发生的动作。答案为 and。47 【正确答案】 ever【试题解析】 ever 用于疑问句或单独使用时可表示惊讶、愤怒、怀疑等,用于加强语气,句意为:真奇怪,她竟然会犯同样的错误。答案为 ever。48 【正确答案】 any【试题解析】 notany longer 用在含否定意义的句中,常用来修饰延续性动词,意为“再也不”。答案为 any。49 【正确答案】 hasnt it【试题解析】 当陈述部分的主语是 everything,anything,nothing,something等表物的不定代词时,附加疑问部分的主语常用 it。答案为 ha
44、snt it。50 【正确答案】 isnt he【试题解析】 当陈述部分的主语是 man(人类)时,附加疑问部分的主语常用 he。答案为 isnt he。四、Rewrite the following sentences as required.51 【正确答案】 The chiefs of the tribes had their own means of catching salmon【试题解析】 译文:部落首领有他自己捕捉大马哈鱼的方式。题干中的 chief 和tribe 的复数是规则变化,直接在后面加一 s 即可;means 和 salmon 都是单复数同形的词;his 的复数是 th
45、eir。52 【正确答案】 The Prime Ministers arrival was reported in yesterdays papers【试题解析】 译文:昨天的报纸报道了总理抵达的消息。前一个句子可以用属格形式表示,即 the Prime Ministers arrival。53 【正确答案】 Are all the rooms cleaned regularly?【试题解析】 译文:有人经常打扫所有的房间吗?本题动作的发出者是someone,是不定指,交被动态对哥以省略不提;动作的接受者是 all the rooms,变被动态时作句子主语。54 【正确答案】 He could
46、nt make that mistake【试题解析】 本题要求改写为含有情态助动词的句子。not possible 表示不可能,可用 cant 表达否定的推测意义,本句中应使用 can 的过去式 could。55 【正确答案】 He pretended to be reading the book when his mother entered the room【试题解析】 译文:当他妈妈进来时,他假装正在看书。题干中 pretend 后接的that 分句作其宾语,也可用 pretend to do sth,意为“假装做某事”。题干中的was reading 用的是进行体,不定式中也要用进行体
47、,即 to be doing 结构。56 【正确答案】 I have a much more complicated problem【试题解析】 译文:我有一个非常复杂的问题。题干中的 that 引导的关系分句修饰 a problem,也可用 complicated 作前置修饰语修饰 problem。57 【正确答案】 Artistically,the film was a great success【试题解析】 本题要求改写为含有状语的句子。句中的 from a artistic point of view 可以改为评注性状语 artistically 来修饰整个句子。58 【正确答案】 I
48、 showed him a letter whichthat不填 I received this morning【试题解析】 译文:我给他看过一封信。那封信是我今天早晨收到的。后一句话中的 it 指代 letter,故可将 letter 作先行项,关系分句用 whichthat 引导即可,且在关系分句中作 received 的宾语,故关系词也可省略。59 【正确答案】 Both he and I didnt know what had happened【试题解析】 译文:他不知道发生了什么。我不知道发生了什么。合并在一起意思为:他和我都不知道发生了什么。两句为并列关系,可以用bothand。60 【正确答案】 Theres not a single excuse for such behavior【试题解析】 要求加强句子语气,本句为