1、12018-2019 学年度高一第二学期开学寒假作业检测英语试题本试卷考试时间为 90 分钟，满分为 100 分。试卷分第 I 卷（选择题）和第 II 卷（非选择题） 。考试结束，将答题卡交回。第 I 卷注意事项。1答第 I 卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、 B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上
2、将该项涂黑。AThe National Blood Service, which covers all of England and North Wales, needs nearly two and a half million blood donations（捐献）each year. When you give blood, youll be doing one of the most amazing things anybody could dream of saving a life.What types of blood are needed?All types of blood
3、are needed not just rare ones. In fact, the commoner the blood type, the more are needed. So even if your blood is one of the most common types group O for example you can be sure that by donating three times a year, you really are doing something amazing.What is the donation process?The donation wi
4、ll last about an hour in all. When you arrive, you will be asked a few questions about your health. Then a drop of blood will be taken and tested just to make sure youre not anemic(贫血). If all is well, your donation will be taken.This only takes about ten minutes, during which time 470 ml of blood w
5、ill 2be collected. Most people hardly feel a thing. After a short rest, a drink and biscuits, youll be up and ready to go. All equipment used in the collection of your blood is new and is never reused, so you dont have to worry about risks to your health in the collection of your blood.Who can becom
6、e a blood donor?Becoming a blood donor really is very simple. As long as youre in good health and aged between 17 and 60, you can become a blood donor. If you would like more information or advice, or you want to become a blood donor, ring the donor helpline on 0845-7711. The donor helpline is open
7、24 hours a day every day of the year.1. Before giving blood, you will _.A. rest for a while B. wait for one dayC. fill in a form D. take a blood test2. What does the passage tell us about the donation process?A. It takes many hours. B. Its done on computer.C. It doesnt need equipment. D. It wont aff
8、ect donors health.3. The purpose of the writing is to _.A. call on people to donate blood B. introduce the National Blood ServiceC. show the importance of donation D. remind people of the dangerBEach time I see a balloon, my mind flies back to a memory of when I was a six-year-old girl. It was a rai
9、ny Sunday and my father had recently died. I asked my mom if Dad had gone to heaven. “Yes, honey. Of course,” she said.“Can we write him a letter?”She paused, the longest pause of my short life, and answered, “Yes.”My heart jumped. “How? Does the mailman go there?” I asked.“No, but I have an idea.”
10、Mom drove to a party store and returned with a red balloon. I asked her what it was for. “Just wait, honey. Youll see.” Mom 3told me to write my letter. Eagerly, I got my favorite pen, and poured out my six-year-old heart in the form of blue ink. I wrote about my day, what I learned at school, how M
11、om was doing, and even about what happened in a story I had read. For a few minutes it was as if Dad were still alive. I gave the letter to Mom. She read it over, and a smile crossed her face. She made a hole in the corner of the letter to tie it to the balloon. We went outside and she gave me the b
12、alloon. It was still raining. “Okay, on the count of three, let it go. One, two, three.” The balloon, carrying my letter, flew upward against the rain. We watched until it was swallowed by the mass of clouds. Later I realized, like the balloon, that Dad had never let his sickness get him down. He wa
13、s strong. No matter what he suffered, hed keep on, fly up, and finally go beyond this cold world and his sick body. He rose into sky and became something beautiful. I watched until the balloon disappeared into the gray and white and I prayed that his strength was passed on. I prayed to be a balloon.
14、4. When the girl asked her mother if they could write to her father, her mother _.A. felt it hard to answer B. thought her a creative girlC. believed it easy to do so D. found it easy to lie5. When the girl was told that she could send a letter to her father, she _.A. jumped with joy B. became excit
15、edC. started writing immediately D. was worried that it couldnt be delivered6. In the eyes of the author, what was the rain like?A. An incurable disease. B. An unforgettable memory.C. The hard time her father had. D. The failures her father experienced.7. What would be the best title for the passage
16、?A. The strong red balloon B. An unforgettable experienceC. Fly to paradise D. A great father4CLeonardo da Vinci, the greatest thinker in the world, began his career as an artist. Very little is known about his early life. He was born in 1452 in the town of Vince. As a boy, Leonardo showed a great i
17、nterest in drawing, sculpting and observing nature.However, because he was born to parents who were not married to each other, he was barred from some studies and professions. He trained as an artist after moving to Florence with his father in the 1460s. It was an exciting time to be in Florence, on
18、e of the cultural capitals of Europe. Leonardo trained with one of the citys very successful artist, Andrea del Verrocchio. He was a painter, sculptor and gold worker. Verrocchio told his students that they needed to understand the bodys bones and muscles when drawing people.Leonardo took his teache
19、rs advice very seriously. He spent several period of his life studying the human body by taking apart and examining dead bodies. While training as an artist, he also learned about and improved on relatively new painting methods at the time. One was the use of perspective（透视）to show depth. A method c
20、alled “sfumato” helped to create cloudy effect to suggest distance. “Chiaroscuro” is a method using light and shade as painterly effect.Leonardos first known portrait now hangs in the National Gallery in Washington, D.C. He made this painting of a young woman named Ginerva deBenci around 1474. The w
21、oman has a pale face with dark hair. In the distance, Leonardo painted the Italian countryside.He soon received attention for his extraordinary artistic skills. Around 1475 he was asked to draw an angel in Verocchios painting Baptism of Christ. One story says that when Verocchio saw Leonardos additi
22、on to painting, he was so amazed by his students skill that he said he would never paint again.8The underline word “barred” in the second paragraph probably means _.A protected Bprevented C suffered D chose9Which is the correct order of the things that happened to Leonardo?5a He finished the paintin
23、g of Ginerva de Benci.b He moved to Florence.c He finished drawing an angel in his teachers painting.d He began to learn art from Andrea del Verrocchio.e. He began to study the dead body.A. b, d, e, a, c B. b, d, c, a, e C. b, c, e, d, aD. b, d, e, c, a10Which of the following words can be used to d
24、escribe Leonardo according to the passage?A Confident. BPowerful. CCreative. D Determined.11What can we learn from the last passage?A Verocchio didnt like Verrocchios work.B Verocchio though Leonardos work terrible.C Verocchio didnt believe Leonardo could paint well.D Verocchio thought highly of Leo
25、nardos work.DScientists are using robots to study the health of waters in and around Venice, Italy. The robots are designed to act like fish, other underwater creatures and plants. The scientists are working with several universities and research centers as part of a group called subCULTron. The Eur
26、opean Union gives money to the project as part of its Horizon 2020 program whose aim is to take great ideas from the lab to the market and support science and innovation (创新) in Europe. The scientists want to use the artificial intelligence of the robots to help humans understand what is happening u
27、nder the water of the Venice lagoon (潟湖).SubCULTron, a collective artificial intelligence project, plans to create the biggest shoal (鱼群) of robot fish in the world. The projects aim is to improve knowledge of the seabed and try to turn human abilities into hi-tech items.6Alexandre Campo, a computer
28、 scientist, says the scientists have looked at the way animals learn to work in groups to understand how robots can learn to work together. The subCULTron project wants its robots to learn to work together so they can watch out for changes and new problems in the water.One problem the researchers ha
29、d in the beginning was how the robots would communicate with each other. Wi-Fi and GPS equipment dont work underwater. Instead, the robots can use sonar (声呐) and an electric field.Another problem was charging batteries. The robots come up to the waters surface and stay near a boat or a power station
30、 to charge without any electrical cables. Besides, how to be water- proof, especially for some key pads of the robots, was really tough. Fortunately, a special mixture has been created to be pinned on the robot, which successfully stands the test of water.The health state of the lagoon is pretty goo
31、d. There are no industrial polluters, and the city now has a modern sewer (污水管) system. Its not like before when all the waste flushed directly into the water. The robots in Venice will continue their work until 2019. The subCULTron project hopes they develop into “an artificial society underneath t
32、he water surface” that serves “a human society above the water”.12. What can we learn about the project in Paragraph 1?A. The European Union has financially supported it.B. It uses robots to clean the waters in and around Venice.C. Its researchers are all from universities.D. It is aimed to support
33、science and innovation worldwide.13. What can we infer according to Alexandre Campo?A. The health state of the lagoon has greatly improved recently.B. Scientists have got an idea for robots from the animals. C. SubCULTron is to turn human abilities into hi-tech items.D. The robots are working separa
34、tely to perform their tasks.14. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph probably refers to “_.”7A. scientists B. animals C. humans D. robots15. What does the author mainly want to tell us in the passage?A. Waters in Venice have been greatly cleaned.B. Animals can tell us how to clean the wa
35、ter.C. Robot fish watch out for the waters in Venice.D. Robots are coming into our cities soon.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Be at your best!What does your brain need to work well? Here are some things it needs.Good foodExperts say that breakfast is much more im
36、portant than any other meal. 16 . So dont miss breakfastespecially before an exam! But you need to eat a good breakfastjunk food wont work.A regular supply of energyYour brain needs a regular supply of energy, so you need to eat carbohydrates. Theyre found in bread, rice, pasta and beans. 17 . They
37、work more quickly than bread and rice, so they give you a short burst of energy, but afterwards you feel more tired.A continuous supply of oxygen（氧气）Your brain needs oxygen, which it gets from exercise. 18 . You also need a good supply of iron because iron helps your blood to carry oxygen round your
38、 body.Water19 . Not getting enough water will stop your brain from working well. And remember, water isnt as expensive as drinks.20 Your brain needs several hours sleep, so it can “update” itself, just like a computer. Experts say that when you study for a test or an exam, you 8should get some sleep
39、 as quickly as possible after youve finished studying. This helps you to remember what youve learnt.A. A short breakB. A good nights sleepC. It works best in the morningD. Exercise improves your memory tooE. Water is much better than sweet drinksF. Your brain works better when you have eatenG. Choco
40、late, biscuits and sweets are not good for your brain第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 30 分）第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题：每小题 1 分，满分 20 分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I was having my dinner at McDonalds one evening when an old couple slowly walked in. They 21 their meal, took a table near the wi
41、ndow and started 22 food out of the plate. There was one hamburger, one order of French fries（炸薯条）and one drink. The man 23 the food into two halves and carefully placed 24 before his wife.He took a sip（一小口）of the drink. His wife also took one and then 25 the cup down between them. “That 26 old coup
42、le! All they can 27 is one meal for the two of them,” thought I. 28 the man began to eat his French fries, I 29 to my feet, went over and said that I was 30 to buy another meal for them. But he 31 refused me and said that they made it a 32 to share everything.23 , the lady didnt take a bite. She sat
43、 there 34 her husband eat, and taking turns（轮流） sipping the drink. Again I 35 to buy them something but was refused. When the man finished eating and was 36 his face with a napkin（纸巾）, I 37 no longer stand it. I made an offer to them a third time. 38 being politely refused. I asked the lady 39 , “Ma
44、dam, why arent you eating? You said that you share everything. 40 is 9it that you are waiting for?” “The teeth,” she answered.21.A. ordered B. requested C. served D. collected22.A.carrying B. fetching C. taking D. bringing23.A. changed B. divided C. cut D. formed24.A.it B. one C. that D. this25.A. t
45、urned B. settled C. got D. set26.A.funny B. poor C. crazy D. strange27.A.afford B. pay C. demand D. choose28.A.While B. Until C. Since D. As29.A.came B. struggled C. rose D. rushed30.A. willing B. anxious C. satisfied D. quick31.A. kindly B. proudly C. warmly D. seriously32.A.way B. case C. habit D.
46、 model33.A.Surprisingly B. Sadly C. Shockingly D. Bitterly34.A.seeing B. noticing C. watching D. finding35.A.wanted B. asked C. planned D. attempted36.A.wiping B. touching C. bathing D. washing37.A.should B. could C. might D. would38.A.In B. Upon C. After D. With39.A.curiously B. carefully C. natura
47、lly D. plainly40.A.How B. Who C. Why D. What第 II 卷第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 30 分）第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（不多于 3 个单词） 。 （请将答案写在答题卡上）I first started drinking coffee 8 years ago. I started drinking coffee because 41 its taste. Coffee time is also the best time for me 42
48、 （sit）with my dad and have 43 conversation.However, once I started drinking coffee regularly, I began to notice that 10if I tried to go a day without 44 （drink）I would get bad headaches. Also, I would get very 45 （sleep）and angry. The 46 （long）I drink coffee, the more I notice how expensive it reall
49、y is. I spend about $8 on coffee per day, 47 means I spend about $3 000 on coffee in a year!Honestly, I do not want to 48 （complete）stop drinking coffee because I have become so used to 49 . However, I decided to change one of my 50 （cup）of coffee in a day to decaf（无咖啡因咖啡）.第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 30 分）第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题：每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（） ，并
