1、1八年级(下) Units 78中考基础知识梳理类别 课标考点要求词汇攻关1.tour(n.& v)_tourist_( n.)旅行者；观光者2.deep(adj.)_deeply_( adv.)深深地3.achieve(v.)_achievement_( n.)成就；成绩4.keep(v.)_keeper_( n.)饲养员；保管人5.protect(v.)_protection_( n.)保护；保卫6.wide(adj.)_widely_( adv.)广泛地7.include(v.)_including_( prep.)包括(某人/某物)在内8.succeed(v.)_success_( n
2、.)成功_ successful_(adj.)成功的_successfully_( adv.)成功地9.laugh(v.)_laughter_( n.)笑；笑声10.France(n.)_French_( n.)法语11.amazing(adj.)_amazed_( adj.)惊奇的12.weigh(v.)_weight_( n.)重量13.introduce(v.)_introduction_( n.)介绍14.Asia(n.)_Asian_( adj.)亚洲的；亚洲人的15.south(n.)_southern_( adj.)南方的16.ill(adj.)_illness_( n.)疾病；
3、病17.nature(n.)_natural_( adj.)天然的短语归纳1.(可以)随便(做某事) _feel_free_ 2.出生时 _at_birth_ 3.就我所知 _as_far_as_I_know_ 4.面对(问题、困难等) _in_the_face_of_ 5.即使；虽然 _even_though/if_ 6.吸入；吞入(体内) _take_in_ 7.走路时撞着 _walk_into_ 8.赶快；急忙(做某事) _hurry_up_ 9.绊倒 _fall_over_ 10.大约 _or_so_ 11.到达(某数量、程度等)；至多有；不多于 _up_to_ 12.相互 _one_
4、another_ 13.砍倒 _cut_down_14.科幻小说(或影片等) _science_fiction_ 15.死于 _die_from_ 16.满是的；(有)大量的；(有)丰富的 _full_of_ 17.乡村音乐 _country_music_ 18.实现我们的梦想 _achieve_our_dreams_ 19.放弃做某事；半途而废 _gi ve_up_doing_sth._ 20.做研究 _do_research_ 21.属于 _belong_to_ 22.在国外学习 _study_abroad_ 23.自从 _ever_since_ 24.处于危险中 _be_in_dange
5、r_2句型再现(含情景交际)1.尼罗河长6 671千米。The Nile is _6，671_kilometers_long_.2.你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？Did you know that China is _one_of_the_oldest_countries_ in the world？3.它比其他任何一座山都高。Its higher than _any_other_mountain.4.(谈论自然和地理)“世界上最深的咸水湖是哪一个？”“里海是所有咸水湖中最深的。”Which is the deepest salt lake in the world？The Caspi
6、an Sea is the deepest _of_all_the_salt_lakes_.5.中国几乎和美国一样大，是亚洲最大的国家。China is almost _as_big_as_the US，and it is _the_biggest_country_in Asia.6.这头大象比这只熊猫重很多倍。This elephant weighs _many_times_more_than_this panda.7.科学家 们说如今生活在森林里的大熊猫不足2 000只。Scientists say there are now fewer than 2，000 pandas _living
7、_in_the_forests_.8.(谈论最近的事情和经历)“你读过小妇人吗？”“是的，我读过。/不，我没有读过。”Have you read Little Women yet？Yes，_I_have_./No，_I_havent_.9.读书报告两周后必须交。The book report _is_due_in two weeks.10.听汤姆乐队的音乐是一种让人清醒的好方法。Listening to The Toms is _a_good_way_to_wake_up_.语法1.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(详见第二编P114)2.英语中四位及四位以上数字的表达3.含有already和ye
8、t的现在完成时态(详见第一编P62)话题 Unit 7 Facts about the world(有关世界的事实)Unit 8 Literature and music(文学和音乐)贵阳中考重难点突破population的用法 (教材八下P50)【满分点拨】population意为“人口；人口数量”，是不可数名词。(1)对人口的数量进行提问时，常用what，而不用how much。提问人口有多少时，用“What is the population of？”如：What is the population of China？中国有多少人口？(2)population作主语时，强调其中的“成员或
9、人”时谓语动词用复数形式；强调人口的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The population of China is the largest in the world now.现在中国是世界上人口最多的国家。(3)population和分数、百分数一起构成短语作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：80% of the population in China are farmers.中国百分之八十的人口是农民。(4)有形容词修饰时，其前可用a；表示人口的“多或少” 用large或small。如：India has a large population.印度人口众多。( A )1.(贵阳人文信息
10、题)_is the population of Guiyang?About 4.86 million.3AWhat BHow muchCHow many( B )2.Three fifths of the population in our town _ workers.Ais Bare Cbe3India has _the_second_largest_population_(第二大人口) in the world.辨析succeed，success 与successful (教材八下P62)【满分点拨】单词 词性及词义 用法succeed v.实现目标；成功 succeed in doin
11、g sth.成功做某事success n.成功 一般作不可数名词；作“成功的人或事”讲时，是可数名词successful adj.成功的 常用作表语，副词为successfullyJim succeeded in getting through the forest.吉姆成功地穿过了那片森林。Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。She is a successful businesswoman.她是一位成功的女商人。1(初高衔接题)The film Dying to Survive(我不是药神) was a big succeed(句子改错)_su
12、ccess_2Our country is _successful_(success) in launching another communication satellite.3He succeeded in _winning_(win) the prize in the speaking competition.辨析even though与as if (教材八下P51)【满分点拨】词组 含义 用法even thougheven if 即使；虽然引导让步状语从句时，even if引导的从句含有强烈的假定性；even though则多以从句的内容为前提。如：Even though he was
13、 14 years old，he afforded the whole family.即使他才14岁，他负担起了整个家庭。(他的确是14岁) Even if it rains tomorrow，well go on a picnic.即使明天下雨，我们也要去野餐。(明天可能下雨)as ifas though 似乎；好像用在look，seem等系动词后引导表语从句引导方式状语从句，多用虚拟语气表示非真实的情况( A )1.He talked about Rome _ he had been there himself.Aas if Bas soon asCeven if( B )2._ hes
14、20 years old now，hes still like a child.ABut BEven thoughCBecause辨析full 与fill (教材八下P58) 【满分点拨】4(1)full作形容词，意为“满的”，反义词为empty，意为“空的”；(2)fill作动词，意为“充满”，反义词为empty，意为“倒空”；(3)be full of “装满；充满”(强调状态)；(4)be filled with “装满；充满”(强调动作)。( A )1.The cup is empty.Please _ it with water.Afill Bfull Cfeel( C )2.I c
15、hoose this school because it is _ hope and dreams.Afill with Bfull with Cfull ofhurry的用法 (教材八下P58)【满分点拨】(1)作名词，意为“匆忙；急忙”，常用短语：in a hurry赶快；急忙be in a hurry to do sth.do sth.in a hurry匆忙做某事(2)作动词，意为“匆忙；赶快”，常用短语：hurry to sp.匆忙赶去某地hurry to do sth.匆忙去做某事hurry up赶快；急忙( A )_， or we cant get to the railway
16、station on time.AHurry up BPick up CPut up If were only talking about the parts from the Ming Dynasty，its about 8，850 kilometers long.如果我们只谈论明朝部分的话，它大约有8 850千米长。 (教材八下P50)【满分点拨】长/宽/高/深的两种表达方式：(1)若计量表达用作表语，则用“数字量词(复数)形容词(long/wide/high/deep等)”结构。对计量进行提问要用句型：How形容词be主语？如：The road is about five kilomet
17、ers long，four meters wide.这条路大约五千米长，四米宽。(2)若计量表达用作前置定语，则用复合形容词，即“数字量词 (单数)形容词(long/wide/high/deep等)”来表达。如：This is a 20meterhigh sculpture.这是一座20米高的雕像。( C )(2018湘西中考)Li Wen is a normal _ boy from the countryside.He works hard and does well in school.A15 years old B15yearsoldC15yearoldHave you decided
18、 which book to write about yet？你已经决定要写哪本书了吗？(教材八下P60)【满分点拨】“have/has过去分词”，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，是现在完成时。already常与现在完成5时的肯定句连用，而yet常与现在完成时的疑问句和否定句连用。如：I have already studied English for ten years.我已经学英语十年了。( C )1.(宁夏中考改编)Look！Someone _ the classroom.Well，it wasnt me.I didn t do it.Ais cleaning Bwas clean
19、ing Chas cleaned2(新信息题)你已经看过电视剧如懿传了吗？_Have_you_watched_ the TV series Ruyis Royal Love in the Palace yet?Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.珠穆朗玛峰比世界上任何一座山峰都要高。(教材八下P49)【满分点拨】比较级句型：(1)A谓语动词比较级than any other单数名词比较范围 “A 比其他任何一个都要更”(2)A谓语动词比较级than the other复数名词比较范围“A比其他所有的都要更”以上两个
20、句型是使用比较级表达最高级的用法，可以与最高级互换。如：Tom is taller than any other student in my class.Tom is taller than the other students in my class.Tom is the tallest student in my class.汤姆比班上其他同学都高。【温馨提示】在比较级结构中any other 和any 所表达的比较范围不同。被比较对象A属 于比较范围时，使用句型(1)和(2)来表达； 如果A 不属于比较范围，则需要使用any。如：China is larger than any coun
21、try in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大(中国不属于非洲，所以不能加other ) ( A )1.The Yangtze River is longer than _ river in China.Aany other Bthe other Cother( C )2.Everyone knows China is the biggest country in Asia.That is，it s bigger than _ countries in Asia.Aany Bany other Cthe otherThis elephant weighs many times mor
22、e than this panda.这头大象比这只熊猫重很多倍。(教材八下P53)【满分点拨】many times more than 意为“比多很多倍”，是倍数的表达方式之一。其他倍数的表达方式：(1)A谓语动词倍数形容词/副词的比较级thanB.“A是B的多少倍”。如：This rope is twice longer than that one.这根绳子是那根绳子的两倍。(2)A谓语动词倍数as形容词/副词的原级asB.“A是B 的多少倍”。如：His father is twice as tall as him.他父亲的身高是他的两倍。(3)A谓语动词倍数the height/weig
23、ht/lengthofB.“A 的高度/重量/长度是B 的多少倍”。如：His father is twice the height of him.他父亲的身高是他的两倍。6( B )Our new school is _ the old one.Aas three times big asBthree times as big asCbigger three times than随堂知识巩固一、单项选择。( C )1.(2018德阳中考改编)China has_ population in the world.Abig Bthe biggerCthe biggest( C )2.(2018天
24、津中考改编)Her smile made me feel w arm and lively.It was like a hidden_.Acompetition BinterviewCtreasure( C )3.(2018云南中考改编)What do you think of your junior high school life?I think it is one of _ periods in my life.Awonderful Bmore wonderfulCthe most wonderful( A )4.(2018连云港中考改编)Have you heard about Zha
25、ngjiajie Glass Footbridge？【考点】Of course，its built over a _ canyon in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park.A300meterdeep B300metersdeepC300 meter deep( B )5.The scenery in Hangzhou is beautiful，so every year _ tourists come here.Atwo million of Bmillions ofCmillion of( B )6.(2019预测)Have you finished
26、your homework _？【考点】Not _.I need more time.Aalready；already Byet；yetCalready；yet( C )7.(2018福建中考B卷)Blue whales are _.We should try to protect them.Ain time Bin publicCin danger( C )8.My friend Jack succeeded _ to the top of the mountain.【考点】Ato climbing BclimbCin climbing( B )9.(贵阳背景特色题)The town of
27、Longchang_ a lot in the past five years.Thats true.Its becoming more and more beautiful.Achanged Bhas changedCis changing( B )10.(贵州背景特色题)The tour _ a visit to Red Maple Lake(红枫湖)Ainclude BincludesCincluding7二、根据语境或句意，从方框中选择恰当的短语完成下列各句。(对应P60“短语归纳”)at birth fall over full of take in one another1Dont run so fast，or you will _fall_over_ and hurt your legs.2A baby panda is about 15 cm long _at_birth_3Mary is so young that she cant carry the box which is_full_of_books.4The village is a good place for people to _take_in_ fresh air.5The children are chasing(追逐) _one_another_ on the playground.
