2019届高考数学二轮复习第二篇专题通关攻略专题3数列考题预测.doc

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1、12.3.1 等差数列、等比数列考题预测精准猜押一、选择题1.在等差数列a n中,a 1+3a3+a15=10,则 a5的值为 ( )A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5【解析】选 A.a1+3a3+a15=5a1+20d=5a5=10,解得 a5=2.2.正项等比数列a n中,若 a2a18=16,则 log2a10= ( )A.2 B.4 C.8 D.16【解析】选 A.依题意得,a 2a18= =16,又 a100,因此 a10=4,log2a10=log24=2.3.已知递增的等比数列a n的公比为 q,其前 n项和 Sn1C.a10,00,q1【解析】选 A.因为 Snan,且|a n|a

2、n+1|,则-a n-an+10,则 q= (0,1),所以 a10,a7+a100,即 a80.又 a8+a9=a7+a100,所以 a90,所以当 n=8时,an的前 n项和最大.答案:86.已知数列a n满足 a1=0,数列b n为等差数列,且 an+1=an+bn,b15+b16=15,则 a31= _.【解析】因为数列a n满足 a1=0,数列b n为等差数列,且 an+1=an+bn,b15+b16=15,所以 an+1=b1+b2+b3+bn,所以 a31=b1+b2+b3+b30= (b1+b30)=15(b15+b16)=1515=225.答案:225三、解答题7.成等差数列

3、的三个正数的和等于 15,并且这三个数分别加上 2,5,13后成为等比数列b n中的 b3,b4,b5.(1)求数列b n的通项公式.(2)数列b n的前 n项和为 Sn,求证:数列 是等比数列.【解析】(1)设成等差数列的三个正数分别为 a-d,a,a+d.依题意,得 a-d+a+a+d=15.解得 a=5.所以b n中的 b3,b4,b5依次为 7-d,10,18+d.依题意,有(7-d)(18+d)=100,解得 d=2或 d=-13(舍去).故b n的第 3项为 5,公比为 2.由 b3=b122,即 5=b122,解得 b1= .54所以 bn=b1qn-1= 2n-1=52n-3,54即数列b n的通项公式 bn=52n-3.3(2)由(1)得数列 的前 n项和 Sn= =52n-2- ,54(1-2)1-2 54即 Sn+ =52n-2.54由 S1+ = , = =2可知,5452 52-152-2数列 是以 为首项,2 为公比的等比数列.52

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