2020版高考数学一轮复习第六章数列6.4数列求和课件文北师大版.pptx

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1、6.4 数列求和,-2-,知识梳理,考点自诊,1.基本数列求和方法,(3)使用已知求和公式求和的方法,即等差、等比数列或可化为等差、等比数列的求和方法.,-3-,知识梳理,考点自诊,2.非基本数列求和常用方法 (1)倒序相加法:如果一个数列an的前n项中与首末两端等“距离”的两项的和相等,那么求这个数列的前n项和即可用倒序相加法,如等差数列的前n项和公式即是用此法推导的. (2)分组求和法:一个数列的通项公式是由若干个等差数列或等比数列或可求和的数列组成,则求和时可用分组求和法,分别求和后再相加减.如已知an=2n+(2n-1),求Sn. (3)并项求和法:若一个数列的前n项和中两两结合后可求

2、和,则可用并项求和法.如已知an=(-1)nf(n),求Sn. (4)错位相减法:如果一个数列的各项是由一个等差数列和一个等比数列的对应项之积构成的,那么这个数列的前n项和即可用错位相减法来求,如等比数列的前n项和公式就是用此法推导的. (5)裂项相消法:把数列的通项拆成两项之差,在求和时中间的一些项可以相互抵消,从而求得其和.,-4-,知识梳理,考点自诊,-5-,知识梳理,考点自诊,-6-,知识梳理,考点自诊,2.(2018河南豫南九校联考)已知数列an是公比为2的等比数列,满足a6=a2a10.设等差数列bn的前n项和为Sn,若b9=2a7,则S17= ( ) A.34 B.39 C.51

3、 D.68,D,-7-,知识梳理,考点自诊,3.若数列an的通项公式为an=2n+2n-1,则数列an的前n项和为( ) A.2n+n2-1 B.2n+1+n2-1 C.2n+1+n2-2 D.2n+n-2,4.(2017河北保定模拟)若数列an的通项公式是an=(-1)n(3n-2),则a1+a2+a10=( ) A.15 B.12 C.-12 D.-15,C,A,解析:因为an=(-1)n(3n-2), 所以a1+a2+a10=(-1+4)+(-7+10)+(-25+28)=35=15.,-8-,知识梳理,考点自诊,-9-,考点1,考点2,考点3,分组求和与并项求和 例1(2018河北唐山

4、三模,17)已知数列an是等差数列,bn是等比数列,a1=1,b1=2,a2+b2=7,a3+b3=13.,-10-,考点1,考点2,考点3,思考具有什么特点的数列适合并项求和?具有什么特点的数列适合分组求和? 解题心得1.若数列an的通项公式为an=(-1)nf(n),则一般利用并项求和法求数列an的前n项和. 2.具有下列特点的数列适合分组求和: (1)若an=bncn,且bn,cn为等差数列或等比数列,可采用分组求和法求an的前n项和;,-11-,考点1,考点2,考点3,对点训练1(2018衡水中学月考,17)在递增的等比数列an中, a1a6=32,a2+a5=18,其中nN+. (1

5、)求数列an的通项公式; (2)记bn=an+log2an+1,求数列bn的前n项和Tn.,-12-,考点1,考点2,考点3,错位相减法求和,-13-,考点1,考点2,考点3,思考具有什么特点的数列适合用错位相减法求和? 解题心得1.一般地,如果数列an是等差数列,bn是等比数列,求数列anbn的前n项和时,可采用错位相减法求和,解题思路是:和式两边先同乘等比数列bn的公比,再作差求解. 2.在写出“Sn”与“qSn”的表达式时,应特别注意将两式“错项对齐”,以便下一步准确写出“Sn-qSn”的表达式.,-14-,考点1,考点2,考点3,对点训练2(2018河北保定一模,17)已知数列an满足

6、 2an=an+1+an-1(n2,nN+),且a1=1,a2=2. (1)求数列an的通项公式; (2)若数列bn满足2anbn+1=an+1bn(n1,nN+),且b1=1.求数列bn的通项公式,并求其前n项和Tn.,-15-,考点1,考点2,考点3,-16-,考点1,考点2,考点3,裂项相消法求和,-17-,考点1,考点2,考点3,思考裂项相消法的基本思想是什么? 解题心得裂项相消法的基本思想就是把an分拆成an=bn+k-bn(k N+)的形式,从而达到在求和时绝大多数项相消的目的.在解题时要善于根据这个基本思想变换数列an的通项公式,使之符合裂项相消的条件.,-18-,考点1,考点

7、2,考点3,-19-,考点1,考点2,考点3,1.数列求和,一般应从通项入手,若通项未知,先求通项,再通过对通项变形,转化为与特殊数列有关或具备某种方法适用特点的形式,从而选择合适的方法求和. 2.解决非等差、非等比数列的求和,主要有两种思路 (1)转化的思想,即将一般数列设法转化为等差或等比数列,这一思想方法往往通过通项分解或错位相减来完成; (2)不能转化为等差或等比数列的数列,往往通过裂项相消法、错位相减法、倒序相加法等来求和.,-20-,考点1,考点2,考点3,1.直接应用公式求和时,要注意公式的应用范围. 2.在应用错位相减法求和时,注意观察未合并项的正负号. 3.在应用裂项相消法求和时,要注意消项的规律具有对称性,即前面剩多少项,后面就剩多少项.,

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