1、选修8,Unit 1 A land of diversity,-3-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,【识记阅读单词】 1.strait n. 海峡 2.ministry n. (政府的)部;(全体)牧师;牧师的职责 3.hardship n. 苦难;困苦 4.federal adj. 联邦制的;联邦政府的 5.rail n. 铁路;扶手;(护栏的)横条 6.aircraft n. 飞行器;航空器;飞机 7.vice n.社会党人 adj. 社会主义者的 10.socialism n. 社会主义,-4-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,
2、仿造句子,11.tram n. (有轨)电车 12.brake n. 闸;刹车;制动器 vi.剃,-5-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,8.slip vi.滑动;滑行;滑跤 n.滑动;滑倒 9.bakery n.面包房;面包厂 10.hire vt.嵌入,-6-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,【拓展核心单词】 1.distinct adj.清晰的;明显的;明确的distinction n.差别;区分;卓著 2.mean vt.打算;意味means n.手段;手法meaning n.意思 3.majority n.大多数;大
3、半minority n.少数 4.elect vt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人election n.选择;选举 5.percent n.百分比;百分数percentage n.百分比;百分率 6.immigrate vi.移入(外国定居)immigration n.移民;移居入境 7.race n.种族;民族racial adj.人种的;种族的,-7-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,8.cross v.横渡;横越crossing n.横渡;横越;十字路口;人行横道 9.apply v.申请applicant n.申请人application n.申请 10.
4、 indicate vt.指出;标示;表明;暗示 indicator n.指示物indication n.迹象 11. apparent adj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的 apparently adv.显然地;显而易见地 12. conduct v.指导;指挥 conductor n.(公车)售票员;列车员;(乐队)指挥 13.punish v.处罚;惩罚punishment n.处罚;惩罚 14.thank v.感激;感谢thankful adj.感激的;感谢的,-8-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,1.与“雇用、辞退”有关的词汇全接触 hire n.
5、下岗 turn away 解雇 take on 雇用,-9-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,2.“多数”与“少数” major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.专业 majority n.大多数 in the majority占多数 minor adj.少数的 minority n.少数 in the minority占少数,-10-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,3.单复数意义不同的名词 custom(风俗习惯)customs(海关) manner(方式)manners(礼貌) iron(铁)irons(镣铐) arm(
6、手臂)arms(武器) glass(玻璃)glasses(眼镜) pain(痛苦)pains(劳苦) paper(纸)papers(文件),-11-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,4.“明显”相关单词集锦 apparentapparently obviousobviously evidentevidently distinctdistinctly 5.means相关用法大全 by this means通过这种方式 by means of.用办法;借助 by no means决不;一点都不(置于句首时,句子需用部分倒装) by all means当然可以;一定
7、;务必;尽一切办法 by any means无论如何,-12-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,6.mark常用搭配 mark out 划出(界线、范围) mark with 以为标记,以表明 make a mark 做标记 earn high marks 获得高分,取得优良成绩 give sb.a good mark 给某人好的分数 high mark 高分 low mark 低分,-13-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,【识记】 1.the Arctic 北极 2.make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 3.
8、mark out 用线画出范围;标出界线 4.back to back 背靠背,-14-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,【默写】 1.包括;吸收 take in 2.坚持;维持;沿袭(传统、风俗等) keep up 3.继续存在;继续生存 live on 4.与合作或一起工作 team up with 5.用办法;借助 by means of. 6.许多;很多 a great/good many 7.申请;请示得到 apply for 8.好好欣赏 get/have a good view of,-15-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归
9、纳,仿造句子,“动词+on”短语荟萃 decide on 对作出决定 count on 依赖 center on 以为中心 act on 对起作用;按照行事 build on 建立于 operate on 给做手术 wait on 服侍 step on 踩;踏 look on 旁观 live on 继续存在;继续生存,-16-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,1.However,it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years
10、 ago. 然而,可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就生活在加利福尼亚了。 考点提炼It is likely that.意为“很可能”。在该句型中,it为句子的形式主语,that从句为真正的主语。 2.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。 考点提炼That is why.意为“那就是的原因”,在该句型中,why 引导表语从句。,-17-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记
11、,联想归纳,仿造句子,1.他很可能会受伤,因为他总是很轻易就相信别人。 It is likely that he will get hurt because he always trusts people easily. 2.那就是这家工厂没有接纳他的原因。 Thats why the factory didnt take him in.,-18-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,In 1848,not long 1.after the American-Mexican war,gold 2.was discovered(discover)in Califor
12、nia.The dream of becoming rich 3.quickly(quick) attracted people from all over the world.The 4.nearest(near),and therefore the first 5.to arrive(arrive),were South Americans and people from the United States.Then 6.adventurers(adventure)from Europe and Asia soon followed.In fact,few achieved their d
13、ream of becoming rich.Some died or returned home,7.but most remained in California to make 8.a life for themselves despite great hardship.They settled in the new towns or on farms.9.By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850,10.it was already a multicu
14、ltural society.,-19-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,1,1.means n.手段;方法 【教材原句】Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。 领悟高考究考法 完成或翻译句子 (1)Older parents would ha
15、ve called their children if the means of doing so had not been a barrier. 如果年纪大的父母这样做没有障碍的话,他们会给孩子打电话的。 (2)All possible means have been tried. 一切可能的办法都试过了。,-20-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,1,(3)The issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires. 问题并不在于缺乏满足你欲望的手段。 (4)The quickest means of travel is by plane
16、. 最快捷的旅行方式是乘飞机。 联想拓展记考点 (1)by means of.用办法;借助 (2)by no means决不;一点也不(位于句首时,句子用部分倒装),-21-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,1,2.majority n.多数;大半 【教材原句】Of the first Spanish to go to California,the majority were religious men,whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 在首批移居加利福尼亚州的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士,他
17、们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。 派生major adj.较大的;主要的;主修的(无比较级) n.主修科目 v.主修 反义词minority n.少数,-22-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,1,领悟高考究考法 翻译或完成句子 (1)Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked(沉浸在中) in Chinese profound history and rich culture.(2018北京,书面表达) 它的中国文学专业是最适合你的专业,你可以完全沉浸在中国深厚的历史和
18、丰富的文化中。 (2)As for driverless cars,what is the authors major concern?(2018北京,阅读理解D) 关于无人驾驶汽车,作者最关心的是什么? (3)The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme.(2016天津,阅读理解A) 在开始这个项目前,大多数人要参加一次网络语言测试。,-23-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,1,单句写作 (4)我或许会选择放弃而尊重大多数人的意见。 I may choose to gi
19、ve it up and respect the opinion of the majority. (5)多数人赞成这个提议。 The majority was/were in favor of the suggestion. 联想拓展记考点 (1)the majority of.后接名词复数或代词,意思是 “大多数,大部分”,表示复数概念,相当于 “most+名词” 或 “most of the+名词” 或 “most of+代词”,谓语动词用复数形式。 (2)the majority单独做主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数形式都可以。 (3)in the/a majority “占多数”,常用作
20、表语。 (4)by/with a majority(of.)“以多数票”。,-24-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,1,3.keep up坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等) 【教材原句】In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own,which today still keeps up their Danish culture. 1911年丹麦移民建立了他们自己的城镇,那里至今仍保留着丹麦文化。 领悟高考究考法 写出句子中keep up的意思 (1)They have kept up their friends
21、hip for thirty years.维持 (2)We kept up a regular correspondence with them.坚持 (3)We are very anxious to keep up the tradition of the firm.沿袭 单句写作 (4)爵士乐应该跟上时代的步伐。(2017全国,阅读理解C) Jazz should keep up with the times.,-25-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,1,联想拓展记考点 (1)keep away(使)不接近 (2)keep away from(使)不接近 (3)keep back阻
22、止前进;阻止的进展;隐瞒;扣留;保留 (4)keep on 继续前进;继续工作 (5)keep out of(使)在外;(使)不入内 (6)keep up with跟上,不落人之后;保持接触,-26-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,1,4.occur vi.发生;出现 【教材原句】It didnt occur to me that. 我没有想到 领悟高考究考法 完成句子 (1)It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit,to take a moment to see whats around them.(2018天津,阅读理解D) 他们很少会想到
23、要放慢脚步,花点时间关注周围的事物。 (2)I was going along the street looking for a place to park when an accident occurred. 我正在街上找地方停车的时候,发生了一起事故。,-27-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,1,句型转换 (3)It occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child. It struck her that she should adopt the homeless child. It hit her that she s
24、hould adopt the homeless child. 她突然想到要收养这个无家可归的孩子。,-28-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,1,5.indicate vt.指示;表明 【教材原句】Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner. 试着(在对话中)运用上面的表达来表明你正在认真地倾听你的同伴说话。 派生indication n.指示,迹象 领悟高考究考法 翻译句子或用indicate的适当形式填空 (1)The arrow indic
25、ates the way to our school. 箭头指示出到我们学校的路线。,-29-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,1,(2)While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers,some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives,and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.(2018全国,阅读理解C) 虽然过
26、去十年青少年读者阅读量急剧下降,但报告中的一些数据显示,阅读仍然是许多孩子生活的重要组成部分,该报告还指出父母应如何鼓励(孩子)更多地阅读。 (3)The weather report indicated that it was going to be sunny. 天气预报说天气将转晴。 (4)There are clear indications that the economy is improving. 有明显的迹象显示经济正开始好转。,-30-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,1,联想拓展记考点 (1)indicate by 用指示 (2)indicate with ones e
27、yes 用目光示意 (3)indicate ones intention 表明意图 (4)indicate fine weather 预示好天气,-31-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,1,1.However,it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而,可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就生活在加利福尼亚了。 分析提炼究考法 It is likely that.“很可能”,此句型可转化为:sb./sth.is likely to do.“某
28、人/某物可能” 联想拓展记考点 likely,possible和probable都表示“可能”,但只有likely能用人做主语。 常用于以下结构:It is possible that sb(possible) Sb.is likely to do./It is likely that sb(likely) It is probable that sb(probable),-32-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,1,领悟考法用考点 用所给词的适当形式填空或完成句子 (1)If you work out bright and early in the morning,you will be more
29、likely to stick(stick) to healthy food choices throughout the day.(2018全国,七选五) 如果你每天一大早就进行户外锻炼,那么你就更有可能坚持每天都吃健康的食物。 (2)Who is more likely to get(get) the job?(2016四川,阅读理解A) 谁更有可能得到这份工作? (3)It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe;nor are they even clearly taught
30、it.(2016浙江,阅读理解C) 婴儿们很可能并不是生来就知道关于宇宙的这一事实,他们甚至都没被教导过。,-33-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,1,用likely,possible,probable填空 (4)People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry.(2018北京,七选五) (5)He was likely to win the race,but he fell to the grou
31、nd and missed the chance. (6)Is it likely/possible/probable that I get to the city by train,or must I take a bus?,-34-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,1,2.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。 分析提炼究考法 This/That is why.为表语从句的常用句型结构,意为
32、“这/那就是的原因”。 This/That is because.这/那是因为 This is the reason why.这就是的原因。 The reason why.is that.的原因是,-35-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,1,领悟考法用考点 翻译或完成句子 (1)This is why youre saving my life.(2016北京,阅读理解A) 这就是为什么说是你拯救了我的生命。 (2)The deadline is drawing near.This is why we are very busy. 最后期限要到了。这就是我们很忙的原因。 (3)This is the
33、reason why they refused to sign the agreement. 这就是他们拒绝签订协议的原因。,-36-,.单句填空 1.So she hired(hire)a truck to bring all the books to the houses of friends in the suburbs(郊区).(20176浙江,完形填空) 2.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their massapparently (apparent) broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms
34、stomachs.(2018北京,阅读理解C) 3.There was every indication (indicate) that she was just another American teenager without much of a future.(2016江苏,阅读理解D) 4.They come to camp,wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot,and they leave with real-world applications (apply) for what theyre st
35、udying in the classroom.(2018北京,阅读理解B) 5.You can team up with another class member if you want. 6.The majority of people prefer(prefer) peace to war. 7.In this school,women teachers are in the majority(major).,-37-,8.He couldnt express himself correctly by means of words. 9.Children should be kept a
36、way from the river. 10.They dont think they must keep up with their neighbours.,-38-,.话题写作(多元文化) (一)根据提示翻译句子 1.自从1978年改革以来,中国经历了移民大潮。(immigration movements) Since the reform in 1978,China has experienced immigration movements. 2.据报道成千上万的农民从农村来到城市。(It is reported.) It is reported that thousands of fa
37、rmers came from the countryside to the cities. 3.尽管辛苦,他们中的多数人都能适应城市生活。(despite;the majority) The majority of them can make a life in the cities despite great hardship.,-39-,4.有些甚至申请到了城市居民权。(apply for) Some even have applied for right to live in the city. 5.他们通过努力工作为城市的繁荣做出了贡献。(by means of;make great
38、 contributions to) They have made great contributions to the boom of the cities by means of working hard.,-40-,(二)将第(一)题中的句子,按照合理的逻辑顺序,加入适当的过渡词,连句成篇。根据表达的需要可适当增加细节。 Since the reform in 1978,China has experienced immigration movements.It is reported that thousands of farmers came from the countryside to the cities.The majority of them can make a life in the cities despite great hardship,and some even have applied for right to live in the city.They have made great contributions to the boom of the cities by means of working hard.,
