版选修3_2.ppt

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1、阶段核心素养培优 第五章交变电流,【核心素养构建】,【阶段复习导航】 【命题背景】,【核心考点】 1.交变电流的产生。 2.描述交变电流的物理量及其关系。 3.变压器原、副线圈的电压、电流与匝数的关系。,【易错易混】 1.磁通量最大和感应电动势最大的位置关系。 2.交变电流的有效值与最大值的关系。 3.变压器的输入电流和输出电流的制约关系。,命题热点1:交变电流最大值和有效值的关系,【典题1】(2018温州高二检测)在阻值为1 的电阻上通以交变电流,其i-t关系如图,则在01 s内电阻上产生的热量为 ( )A.1 J B.1.5 J C.2 J D.2.8 J,【解析】选D。在0到0.2 s内

2、,通过电阻的电流是1 A, 由焦耳定律可知,Q1=I2Rt=(1 A)21 0.2 s=0.2 J, 在0.2 s到0.5 s内,通过电阻的电流是2 A,由焦耳定律 可知,Q2=I2Rt=(2 A)21 0.3 s=1.2 J,根据 图象的对称性,可知,下一个0.5 s内,焦耳热是相等的, 即为1.4 J。因此在01 s内电阻上产生的热量为 2.8 J,故D正确,A、B、C错误。,命题热点2:理想变压器的制约关系与动态分析,【典题2】(多选)(2018揭阳高二检测)如图所示,理想变压器副线圈通过输电线接两个相同的灯泡L1和L2,原线圈输入电压不变,输电线的等效电阻为R。开始时,电键S断开,当S

3、闭合时说法中正确的是,A.副线圈两端的输出电压减小 B.灯泡L1更亮 C.原线圈中的电流增大 D.变压器的输入功率增大,【解析】选C、D。理想变压器的输出电压是由输入电 压和匝数比决定的,由于输入电压和匝数比不变,所以 副线圈输出的电压也不变,所以A错误;当S接通后,两个 灯泡并联,电路的电阻减小,副线圈的电流变大,所以通 过电阻R的电流变大,电压变大,那么并联部分的电压减 小,所以通过灯泡L1的电流减小,灯泡L1变暗,B错误;当S,接通后,两个灯泡并联,电路的电阻减小,副线圈的电流变大,所以原线圈的电流也变大,所以C正确;开关S闭合后,副线圈电流增大,电压不变,输出功率变大,输入功率等于输出功率,所以原线圈输入功率增大,D正确。,

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