1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationNEMA Standards Publication Application Guide for ACAdjustable Speed Drive SystemsNEMA Standards Publication Application Guide for AC Adjustable Speed Drive Systems Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 N
2、orth 17thStreet, Suite 1752 Rosslyn, VA 22209 www.nema.org Copyright 2007 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic W
3、orks, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions. NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessar
4、ily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this document. NEMA standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings to
5、gether volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test, eval
6、uate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or
7、 compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty
8、 that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or sellers products or services by virtue of this standard or guide. In publishing and making this document available, NEM
9、A is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the
10、 advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not cove
11、red by this publication. NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any
12、 health or safetyrelated information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. Copyright 2007 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Application Guide for AC Adjustable Speed Drive Systems Page i CON
13、TENTS Foreword.iv Section 1 SCOPE 1 Section 2 REFERENCED STANDARDS 2 2.1 Referenced Nema Standards2 2.1.1 MG1-2006 Motors and Generators2 2.1.2 ICS 7-2006 Industrial Control and Systems Adjustable-Speed Drives.2 2.1.3 ICS 7.1-2006 Safety Standards for Construction and Guide for Selection, Installati
14、on, and Operation of Adjustable Speed Drive Systems.2 2.1.4 NEMA 250-2003 Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum)2 2.2 Other Referenced Standards3 Section 3 DEFINITIONS 4 Section 4 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS . 7 4.1 Load Types7 4.1.1 Variable torque7 4.1.1.1 Squared Torque Var
15、iation.74.1.1.2 Linear Torque Variation.7 4.1.2 Constant Torque.84.1.2.1 Duty Cycle94.1.2.2 High Impact Load.10 4.1.3 Constant horsepower10 4.2 Motor Types.11 4.2.1 General11 4.2.2 Design A11 4.2.3 Design B12 4.2.4 Design C12 4.2.5 Design D12 4.3 Control Types14 4.3.1 Typical Power Ratings.14 4.3.2
16、Control Methods14 4.3.3 PWM Modulation Techniques.15 Section 5 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENT INTERACTIONS . 16 5.1 Interaction Between Load and Motor16 5.1.1 Service Factor.16 5.1.2 Maximum safe operating speed16 5.1.3 Overspeed Capability16 5.1.4 Direction of Rotation18 5.2 Interaction Between Motor and
17、 Control.19 5.2.1 Thermal Considerations19 5.2.2 Power Factor Correction.24 5.2.3 Speed range24 5.2.4 Acceleration Time.25 5.2.5 Deceleration Time / Internal Motor Braking26 5.2.6 Reversal27 5.2.7 Stability27 5.2.8 Bypass.27 5.2.9 Motor Terminal Voltage Transients.28 5.2.10 Shaft Voltage and Bearing
18、 Currents.34 5.2.11 Load Reactors and Filters.39 5.2.12 Multiple Motors39 5.2.13 Pole Count.40 5.2.14 Connecting High Voltage to the Low Voltage Connection of a Dual Voltage General-Purpose Motor.40 5.3 Interaction Between Control and AC Power Line41 Copyright 2007 by the National Electrical Manufac
19、turers Association. Application Guide for AC Adjustable Speed Drive Systems Page ii 5.3.1 Source Impedance/Short-circuit Ampere Interrupting Capacity (AIC) Ratings415.3.2 Line Variationine42 5.3.3 AC Line Power Factor.42 5.3.4 Line Harmonic Currents Adjustable Frequency Control Created43 5.3.5 Contr
20、ol Protection.44 5.4 Drive System Interactions46 5.4.1 Efficiency.46 5.4.2 Sound, Vibration, Resonance.46 5.4.3 Grounding47 5.4.4 Power Cable Selection48 5.4.5 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC).51 Section 6 SELECTION OF MOTOR AND CONTROL BY APPLICATION 53 6.1 Application Information53 6.2 Motor Se
21、lection53 6.2.1 Determine Motor Enclosure Requirements.53 6.2.2 Determine Motor Torque and Speed Requirements.54 6.2.3 Determine Accelerating and Decelerating Requirements (Time and Load).55 6.2.4 Overload Capability.56 6.2.5 Determine Type of Duty56 6.2.6 Other Considerations57 6.3 Control Selectio
22、n.57 6.3.1 Control Type Considerations57 6.3.2 Control and Motor Voltage Considerations.58 6.3.3 Control HP/Current Rating Considerations.58 6.3.4 Control Enclosure Considerations58 6.3.5 Speed Range and Regulation Considerations59 6.3.6 Bypass Operation Considerations60 6.3.7 Acceleration Time Cons
23、iderations60 6.3.8 Deceleration and Braking62 6.3.9 Line Harmonic Voltage and Current Considerations62 6.4 Variable Torque Application62 6.4.1 Motor Selection.62 6.4.2 Control Selection.63 6.5 Constant torque Application63 6.5.1 Motor Selection.63 6.5.2 Control Selection.64 6.6 Constant horsepower A
24、pplication65 6.6.1 Motor Selection.65 6.6.2 Control Selection.67 Section 7 MEASUREMENTS/INSTRUMENTATION 68 7.1 General68 7.2 Parameter Measurements.68 Section 8 SAMPLE ASD APPLICATION DATA FORM. 69 8.1 69 8.2 Application.69 8.3 Motor70 8.4 70 8.5 Control.70 8.6 Motor Environment71 8.7 Control Enviro
25、nment71 8.8 Connection71 8.9 Other72ANNEX A . 73 ANNEX B . 77 Copyright 2007 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Application Guide for AC Adjustable Speed Drive Systems Page iii Tables 5-1 Maximum Safe Operating Speed for Standard Design A and B Direct Drive (TS Shaft for Motors ab
26、ove the 250 Frame) Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors17 5-2 Overspeed Capability of General-Purpose Motors.17 5-3 Overspeed Capability of Definite-Purpose Inverter-Fed Motors.18 5-4 Temperature Rise for General-Purpose Motors Designs A, B, C, and D.21 5-5 Temperature Rise for Continuous Duty Definite-Pu
27、rpose Inverter-Fed Motors21 5-6 Temperature Rise for Definite-Purpose Inverter-Fed Motors22 5-7 60 Hz Sinewave Dielectric Test Voltage Specified in UL 1569 600V Type MC Cable Vs. Corona Inception Voltage Test Results at 25oC49 Figures 4-1 Squared Torque Variation.7 4-2 Linear Torque Variation.8 4-3
28、Constant Torque Load.9 4-4 Duty Cycles.9 4-5 Impact Load.10 4-6 Constant Horsepower Load.11 4-7 Typical Motor Speed Torque Curves.12 4-8 Basis of Rating13 5-1 Load Cycle Based on Temperature and Time of Operation.23 5-2 Constant Horsepower Load.26 5-3 Typical Voltage Response at Motor Terminals.29 5
29、-4 Peak Voltage Categories When Using 65ns Rise Time Pulse31 5-5 Peak Voltage Categories When Using 160ns Rise Time Pulse31 5-6 Test Results of Peak Motor Voltage Based Upon Lead Length for a 5 Horsepower Motor.33 5-7 Test Results of Peak Motor Voltage Based Upon Switching Frequency for a 5-Horsepow
30、er Motor (Lead Length of 100 Feet).34 5-8 Fluted Bearing Damage Caused by Electrical Current Flow.35 5-9 Electrical Arc Pit Located on the Inner Raceway of Bearing.35 5-10 Electric Machine Showing Parasitic Couplings.37 5-11 Common Mode Basic Circuit.38 5-12 Shaft Voltage Without Bearing Current 10v
31、/div 25 s/div.38 5-13 Shaft Voltage Top 25v/div 5s/div and Bearing Current Bottom 500 mA/div 5 s/div.39 5-14 Types of Drive Power Cables51 6-1 A Motor Design Where the Voltage and Torque Corner Points are the Same.66 6-2 A Motor Design Where the Torque Corner Point is at a Lower RPM than the Voltage
32、 Corner Point. Base Speed is at the Torque Corner Point.66 Copyright 2007 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Application Guide for AC Adjustable Speed Drive Systems Page iv Foreword This Guide was developed by the Motor and Generator Section and the Industrial Automation Control P
33、roducts and Systems Section and approved for publication as an Application Guide of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. This Guide is intended to assist users in the proper selection and application of AC adjustable speed drive systems. The Guide is revised periodically to provide for
34、 changes in user needs, advances in technology, and changing economic trends. All persons having experience in the selection, use, or manufacture of electric motors and adjustable speed drives are encouraged to submit recommendations that will improve the usefulness of this Guide. Inquiries, comment
35、s, and proposed or recommended revisions should be submitted to the Motor and Generator Section and the Industrial Automation Control Products and Systems Section by contacting: Vice President, Technical Services National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1752 Rossly
36、n, VA 22209 The best judgment of the Motor and Generator Section and the Industrial Automation Control Products and Systems Section on the performance and construction of adjustable speed drive systems is represented in this Guide. The Guide is based upon sound engineering principles, research, and
37、records of test and field experience. Also involved is an appreciation of the problems of manufacture, installation, and use derived from consultation with and information obtained from manufacturers, users, inspection authorities, and others having specialized experience. For systems intended for g
38、eneral applications, the individual companies through normal commercial contact determined information as to user requirements. Practical information concerning performance, safety, test, construction, and manufacture of adjustable speed drive systems is provided in this Guide. In the preparation an
39、d revision of these standards, consideration has been given to the work of other organizations whose standards are in any way related to adjustable speed drive systems. Credit is hereby given to all those whose standards may have been helpful in the preparation of this volume. This Application Guide
40、 was developed jointly by the Industrial Automation Control Products and Systems Section and the Motor and Generator Section. Section approval of the guide does not necessarily imply tha all section members voted for its approval or participated in its development. At the time it was approved, the I
41、ndustrial Automation Control Products and Systems Section was composed of the following members: ABB Control, Inc.Wichita Falls, TX ALSTOM Power ConversionPittsburgh, PA Automatic Switch CompanyFlorham Park, NJ Balluff, Inc.Florence, KY CARLO GAVAZZI, Inc.Buffalo Grove, IL CMC Torque SystemsBilleric
42、a, MA Control Concepts CorporationBeaver, PA Cooper BussmannSt. Louis, MO Cummins, Inc.Minneapolis, MN Cyberex LLCMentor, OH Eaton CorporationMilwaukee, WI Echelon CorporationSunnyvale, CA Electro Switch CorporationWeymouth, MA Elliott Control CompanyHollister, CA Emerson Process ManagementAustin, T
43、X Entrelec, Inc.Irving, TX Copyright 2007 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Application Guide for AC Adjustable Speed Drive Systems Page v GE Industrial SystemsCharlottesville, VA Hubbell IncorporatedMadison, OH Joslyn Clark Controls, Inc.Lancaster, SC Lexington Switch & Controls
44、Madison, OH Lincoln ElectricCleveland, OH Master Control Systems, Inc. Lake Bluff, IL Metron, Inc.Denver, CO Mitsubishi Electric Automation, Inc.Vernon Hills, IL Moeller Electric CorporationFranklin, MA 02038 Omron Electronics LLCSchaumburg, IL Peerless-Winsmith, Inc.Warren, OH Pepperl + Fuchs, Inc.
45、Twinsburg, OH Phoenix Contact, Inc.Harrisburg, PA Pittman, A Div of Penn Engineering & Mfg CorporationHarleysville, PA Post Glover Resistors, Inc.Erlanger, KY R. Stahl Inc.Salem, NH Reliance Controls CorporationRacine, WI Robert Bosch CorporationAvon, CT Rockwell AutomationMilwaukee, WI Russelectric
46、, Inc.Hingham, MA Schneider Automation, Inc.No. Andover, MA SEW-Eurodrive, Inc.Lyman, SC Siemens Corporate ResearchPrinceton, NJ Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc.Batavia, IL Square D CompanyRaleigh, NC Texas Instruments, Inc.Attleboro, MA Torna Tech Inc.St. Laurent, QC Toshiba International Corporat
47、ionHouston, TX Total Control Products, Inc.Terrace Park, OH Turck, Inc.Plymouth, MN Tyco Electronics/AMPHarrisburg, PA WAGO CorporationGermantown, WI Weidmuller Inc.Richmond, VA Yaskawa Electric America, Inc.Waukegan, IL The Motor and Generator Section was composed of the following members: A.O. Smi
48、th Electrical Products Co.Tipp City, OH Ametek IncorporatedKent, OH Brook Crompton North AmericaArlington Heights, IL Cummins, Inc.Minneapolis, MN Emerson Electric CompanySt. Louis, MO GE Industrial SystemsFt Wayne, IN Howell Electric MotorsPlainfield, NJ Peerless-Winsmith, Inc.Warren, OH Regal-Belo
49、it CorporationGrafton, WI Rockwell AutomationMilwaukee, WI SEW-Eurodrive, Inc.Lyman, SC Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc.Norwood, OH Sterling Electric, Inc.Irvine, CA TECO-Westinghouse Motor Co.Round Rock, TX The Imperial Electric CompanyAkron, OH Toshiba International CorporationHouston, TX WEG Electric Motor Corp.Suwanee, GA Copyright 2007 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Application Guide for AC Adjustable Speed Drive Systems P
