1、 ANSI/NEMA C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) American National Standard Test Methods for Electrical Power Insulators ANSI/NEMA C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) American National Standard Test Methods for Electrical Power Insulators Secretariat: National Electrical Manufacturers Association Approved: September 2012
2、 Published: July 2013 American National Standards Institute, Inc. NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessaril
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19、may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) Page i Copyright 2013 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association FOREWORD (This foreword
20、is not part of American National Standard C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) This standard comprises a manual of procedures to be followed in making tests to determine the characteristics of insulators used on electric power systems. This standard is not an insulator specification, but rather a test method t
21、o be used in conjunction with insulator specifications. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Rosslyn, VA 22209. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by Acc
22、redited Standards Committee on Insulators for Electric Power Lines, C29. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for approval. At the time it approved this standard, the ASC C-29 Committee had the following members: Rob Christman, Chairman Steve
23、 Griffith, Secretary Organization Represented: Name of Representative: Edison Electric Institute B. Freimark R. Christman E. Cleckley M. Garrels W. Avery J. Varner (alt) R. Kluge (alt) G. Obenchain (alt) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers T. Grisham J. Hildreth A. Jagtiani J. Kuffel A.
24、 Phillips E. Gnandt (alt) National Electrical Manufacturers Association P. Maloney A. Baker R. A. Bernstorf G. Powell G. A. Stewart E. Kress (alt) Z. Lodi (alt) E. Niedospial (alt) A. Schwalm (alt) Tennessee Valley Authority J. Nelson Western Area Power Administration R. Clark C29.1-1988 (R2002, R20
25、12) Page ii Copyright 2013 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) Page iii Copyright 2013 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD . iv 1 SCOPE 1 2 DEFINITIONS 1 2.1 Insulators and Parts 1 2.2 Low-Frequency Voltages
26、. 2 2.3 Impulse Voltages . 2 2.4 Mechanical Strength 3 2.5 Miscellaneous 3 3 TEST-SPECIMEN MOUNTING FOR ELECTRICAL TESTS 3 3.1 Suspension Insulators . 3 3.2 Line Insulators (Pin, Post) . 4 3.3 Apparatus Insulators (Cap and Pin, Post) . 4 3.4 Strain Insulators 4 3.5 Spool Insulators . 5 4 ELECTRICAL
27、TESTS 5 4.1 General 5 4.2 Low-Frequency Dry Flashover Voltage Tests . 5 4.3 Low-Frequency Wet Flashover Voltage Tests 6 4.4 Low-Frequency Dry Withstand Voltage Tests . 7 4.5 Low-Frequency Wet Withstand Voltage Tests . 7 4.6 Low-Frequency Dew Withstand Voltage Tests 8 4.7 Impulse Flashover Voltage Te
28、sts . 8 4.8 Impulse Withstand Voltage Tests 9 4.9 Radio-Influence Voltage Tests . 9 4.10 Visual Corona Test . 10 4.11 Puncture Tests . 10 5 MECHANICAL TESTS . 11 5.1 Ultimate Mechanical-Strength Tests . 11 5.2 Combined Mechanical-and Electrical-Strength Test (Suspension Insulators) 13 5.3 Time-Load-
29、Withstand-Strength Test . 13 5.4 Porosity Test . 13 5.5 Thermal Test . 13 5.6 Pinhole-Gaging Test 14 6 GALVANIZING TEST 14 7 ROUTINE TESTS 14 7.1 Electrical Tests . 14 7.2 Mechanical Tests . 14 8 REVISION OF AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS REFERRED TO IN THIS DOCUMENT . 15 C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) Page
30、 iv Copyright 2013 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association TABLE 1 Rate of Increase of Load . 11 FIGURES 1 Low-Frequency Humidity Correction Factors . 16 2 Impulse Humidity Correction Factors 17 C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) Page 1 Copyright 2013 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Ass
31、ociation Electrical Power Insulators Test Methods 1 SCOPE This standard comprises a manual of test methods to be followed in making tests to determine the characteristics of electrical power insulators, as defined herein. Individual tests shall be made only when specified 2 DEFINITIONS NOTE: Definit
32、ions as given herein apply specifically to the subject treated in this standard. For additional definitions see American National Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms, ANSI/IEEE 100-1988. 2.1 Insulators and Parts 2.1.1 Insulator. An insulator is a device intended to give flexible
33、or rigid support to electric conductors or equipment and to insulate these conductors or equipment from ground or from other conductors or equipment. An insulator comprises one or more insulating parts to which connecting devices (metal fittings) are often permanently attached. 2.1.2 Shell. A shell
34、is a single insulating member, having a skirt or skirts without cement or other connecting devices, intended to form a part of an insulator or an insulator assembly. 2.1.3 Pin Insulator. A pin insulator is an insulator having means for rigid mounting on a separable pin. 2.1.4 Post Insulator. A post
35、insulator is an insulator of generally columnar shape, having means for direct and rigid mounting. 2.1.5 Cap and Pin Insulator. A cap and pin insulator is an assembly of one or more shells with metallic cap and pin, having means for direct and rigid mounting. 2.1.6 Line Insulator (Pin, Post). A line
36、 insulator is an assembly of one or more shells, having means for semirigidly supporting line conductors. 2.1.7 Apparatus Insulator (Cap and Pin, Post). An apparatus insulator Is an assembly of one or more apparatus-insulator Units, having means for rigidly supporting electric equipment. 2.1.7.1 Uni
37、t. An apparatus-insulator unit is an assembly of one or more shells with attached metal parts, the function of which is to support rigidly a conductor, bus, or other conducting elements on a structure or base member. 2.1.7.2 Stack. An apparatus-insulator stack is a-rigid assembly of two or more appa
38、ratus-insulator units. 2.1.8 Suspension Insulator. A suspension insulator is an insulator with attached metal parts having means for nonrigidly supporting electric conductors. 2.1.8.1 Unit. A suspension-insulator unit is an assembly of a shell and hardware, having means for non-rigid coupling to oth
39、er units or terminal hardware. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/NEMA C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) Page 2 Copyright 2013 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association 2.1.8.2 String. A suspension-insulator string is an assembly of two or more suspension Insulators in tand
40、em. 2.1.9 Strain Insulator. A strain insulator is an insulator generally of elongated shape, with two transverse holes or slots. 2.1.10 Spool Insulator. A spool insulator is an insulator of generally, cylindrical form having an axial mounting hole and a circumferential groove or grooves for the atta
41、chment of a conductor. 2.1.11 Wire Holder. A wire holder is an insulator of generally cylindrical or pear shape, having a hole for securing the conductor and a screw or bolt for mounting. 2.2 Low-Frequency Voltages 2.2.1 Low Frequency. Low frequency, as used in this standard, means any frequency bet
42、ween 15 and 100 hertz. 2.2.2 Low-Frequency Flashover Voltage. A low-frequency flashover voltage of an insulator is the root-mean-square value of the low-frequency voltage that, under specified conditions, causes a sustained disruptive discharge through the surrounding medium. 2.2.2.1 Dry flashover v
43、oltage tests are tests as described in 4.2. 2.2.2.2 Wet flashover voltage tests are tests as described in 4.3. 2.2.3 Low-Frequency Withstand Voltage. A low-frequency withstand voltage of an insulator is the root- mean-square value of the low-frequency voltage that, under specified conditions, can be
44、 applied without causing flashover or puncture mean-square value of the low-frequency voltage that, under specified conditions, can be applied without causing flashover or puncture. 2.2.3.1 Dry withstand voltage tests are tests as described in 4.4. 2.2.3.2 Wet withstand voltage tests are tests as de
45、scribed in 4.5. 2.2.3.3 Dew withstand voltage tests are tests as described in 4.6. 2.2.4 Low-Frequency Puncture Voltage. A low-frequency puncture voltage of an insulator is the toot-mean-square value of the low-frequency voltage that, under specified conditions, causes disruptive discharge through a
46、ny part of the Insulator. Puncture tests are tests as described In 4.11. 2.3 Impulse Voltages 2.3.1 Impulse Wave. An impulse wave is a unidirectional surge generated by the release of electrical energy into an impedance network. 2.3.2 Impulse Flashover Voltage. An Impulse flash over voltage of an in
47、sulator is the crest value of the impulse wave that, under specified conditions, causes flashover through the surrounding medium. 2.3.3 Critical Impulse Flashover Voltage. The critical impulse flashover voltage of an insulator is the crest value of the impulse wave that, under specified conditions,
48、causes flashover through the surrounding medium on 50% of the applications. Impulse flashover voltage tests are tests as described in 4.7. C29.1-1988 (R2002, R2012) Page 3 Copyright 2013 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association 2.3.4 Impulse Withstand Voltage. The impulse withstand volta
49、ge of an insulator is the crest value of an applied impulse voltage that, under specified conditions, does not cause a flashover, puncture, or disruptive discharge on the test specimen. Impulse withstand voltage tests are tests as described in 4.8. 2.4 Mechanical Strength 2.4.1 Ultimate Mechanical Strength. The ultimate mechanical strength of an insulator is the load at which any part of the insulator fails to perform its function of providing a mechanical support without regard to electrical failure. Ultimate mechanical-strength tests ar
