1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationNEMA LE 5-2001Procedure for Determining Luminaire Efficacy Ratings for Fluorescent LuminairesNEMA Standards Publication LE 5 - 2001 Procedure for Determining Luminaire Efficacy Ratings for Fluorescent Luminaires Published by Nati
2、onal Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17 th Street, Suite 1847 Rosslyn, VA 22209 Copyright 2001 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the
3、Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions. LE 5- 2001 Page i Contents Page Foreword . iii Purpose iv Section 1 GENERAL 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Referenced Publications 1 1.3 Definitions . 2 Section 2 S ELECTION OF COMPONENTS 3 2.1 Test Specimen
4、Lighting Fixture . 3 2.2 Test Specimen(s) Fluorescent Ballast(s) 3 2.3 Test Specimen(s) Fluorescent Lamps 3 Section 3 TESTING FACIL ITIES AND EQUIPMENT 5 3.1 Facilities 5 3.2 General Criteria 5 Section 4 PROCEDURE . 7 4.1 Luminaire Efficacy Rating Fluorescent Luminaires . 7 4.2 Luminaire Type and Cl
5、assification . 7 4.3 Exceptions 7 4.4 Luminaire Efficacy Rating Fluorescent Luminaires Reg ulatory Requirements . 8 Section 5 CALCULATIONS 9 5.1 Luminaire Efficacy Rating Fluorescent Luminaires . 9 5.2 Calculation of ballast factor 10 Section 6 LIGHTING ENERGY COST . 11 6 .1 Comparative Yearly Energ
6、y Cost of Light 11 6.2 Calculation 11 Section 7 RE COMMENDED REPORTING CATEGORIES AND FORMAT . 13 7.1 Category Description 13 7.2 Recommended Reporting Format 13 Appendix A THE RATIONALE AND RECOMMENDED REGULATIONS FOR FLUORESCENT LUMINAIRES 15 A. 1 Luminaire Characteristics . 15 A.2 Fluorescent Mar
7、ket Percentage by Types Shipped 16 A.3 Luminaire Types and Classifications 17 A.4 Heat Transfer Luminaires . 17 A.5 Recommended Regulations Fluorescent Luminaires Only 17 A.6 Photometric Tests . 18 LE 5- 2001 Page ii Table S 5 - 1 Typical Rated Fluorescent Lamp Lumens . 10 7 - 2 Reporting Format 13
8、A - 1 Minimum LER Lensed Recessed Fluorescent Luminaires with Spacing Criterion 1.1 18 A - 2 Minimum LER Louvered Recessed Fluorescent Luminaires with VCP 80 and Spacing Criterion 1.1 19 A - 3 Minimum LER Plastic Wraparound Luminaires 20 A - 4 Minimum LER Bare Lamp Strip Luminaires 20 A - 5 Minimum
9、LER Bare Lamp Industrial Luminaires . 20 A - 6 Typical Rated Average Ballast Factors Nominal 2 - , 4 - , and 8 - foot Fluorescent . 21 A - 7 Typical Rated Input Watts Fluorescent, Recessed Lensed . 22 A - 8 Typical Rated Input Watts Fluorescent, Recessed Louvered 23 A - 9 Typical Rated Input Watts F
10、luorescent Plastic Wraparound 24 A - 10 Typical Rated Input Watts Fluorescent Strip Ligh ts 25 A - 11 Typical Rated Input Watts Fluorescent Industrials 26 LE 5- 2001 Page iii FOREWORD This standards publication was developed to assist the federal government, state governments, electrical utility com
11、panies, and manufacturers of lighting fixtures in performing a standardized test method for determining the luminaire efficacy rating of fluorescent lighting fixtures incorporating various shielding media and various types of applicable lamps and ballasts. This standards publication was prompted by
12、the need of the l ighting fixture manufacturing industry to have a uniform method of determining energy efficiency of their products using various components. It is not the intent of this standards publication to inhibit luminaire design or to impose arbitrary tolerances o n any luminaire manufactur
13、er. Even though the recommendations for regulations in Appendix A take into consideration in part lighting quality through incorporation of visual comfort probability, the International Association of Lighting Designers and the I lluminating Engineering Society of North America desire to include in
14、the future an additional numerical value for lighting quality to accompany the luminaire efficacy rating value. This numerical expression for lighting quality has not yet been fully dev eloped. The Luminaire Section accomplished the preparation of this standards publication in close cooperation with
15、 the Lamp and Ballast Sections of the NEMA Lighting Systems Division. Input from users and other interested p arties has been sought and evaluated. Inquiries, comments, and proposed or recommended revisions should be submitted to the Luminaire Section of NEMA by contacting: Vice President, Engineeri
16、ng Department National Electrical Manufacturer s Association 1300 North 17 th Street, Suite 1847 Rosslyn, VA 22209 The standards or guidelines presented in a NEMA standards publication are considered technically sound at the time they are approved for publication. They are not a substitute for a pro
17、duct sellers or users own judgment with respect to the particular product referenced in the standard or guideline, and NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturers products by virtue of this standard or guide. T hus, NEMA expressly disclaims any responsibility
18、 for damages arising from the use, application, or reliance by others on the information contained in these standards or guidelines. This standards publication was developed by the Luminaire Section. Sectio n approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all section members voted for its
19、approval or participated in its development. At the time it was approved, the group/section was composed of the following members: American Electric Lighting Coop er Lighting Group EGS Electrical Group GE Lighting Systems Genlyte Thomas Group Hubbell, Incorporated Holophane Corporation Indy Lighting
20、 Incorporated Juno Lighting, Incorporated Lighting Corporation of America Lithonia Lighting Group Red Dot Division, L.E . Mason Simkar Corporation Steel Craft Industries The Jones Metal Products Company LE 5- 2001 Page iv PURPOSE The purpose of this standards publication is to: a. Provide government
21、al agencies with a practical and uniform method for calculating a metric for regulating th e “energy efficiency“ of fluorescent luminaires. b. Provide electrical utility companies with a method to establish minimum luminaire efficacy ratings for use with energy savings rebate programs. c. Provide a
22、LER methodology for fluorescent luminaires that is applicable to all lamp/ballast systems, thus providing a tool for promoting energy efficient luminaires to the lighting engineering and design community. d. Create a workable and realistic number of fluorescent luminaire types for regulating “ene rg
23、y efficiency.“ e. Organize the types of luminaires into categories that will reasonably represent the design function, physical and dimensional attributes, and the photometric characteristics of the various types of high volume luminaires. f. Preserv e for the lighting fixture manufacturers and the
24、lighting industry the right to use laboratory facilities, testing methods, and completed test data that currently exist and are in accordance with approved industry standards. g. Establish a luminaire effi cacy rating (LER) based on rated lumens per watt, in lieu of a standard based solely on either
25、 coefficients of utilization or luminaire efficiency. The word rated is used so as not to require the use of absolute photometry and to be able to use published rated lumen values. LER is calculated using actual test values of both ballast factor and total input watts to establish the rated efficacy
26、 of the luminaire (LER is given in rated lumens per watt). LE 5- 2001 Page 1 Section 1 GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE This standards public ation provides a procedure for the determination of the luminaire efficacy rating of commercial and industrial fluorescent luminaires under laboratory test conditions. This
27、standard describes five types of fluorescent, high - volume luminaires. Each lumina ire type is classified into subcategories that, in combination, represent better than 80% of the fluorescent luminaire market in the United States. This standard does not apply to compact fluorescent down - lights, l
28、ow volume or specialty luminaires, i.e. s ecurity luminaires. 1.2 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS The following publications are adopted in whole or in part as indicated by reference in this standards publication. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor New York, NY 1003
29、6 ANSI C82.2 - 1984 (R 1989) Methods of Measurement of Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts ANSI C82.3 - 1983 (R 1989) Specifications for Fluorescent Lamp Reference Ballasts ANSI C78.1 - 1991 Dimensional and Electrical Characteristics of Rapid Start Type Fluor escent Lamps ANSI C78.3 - 1991 Fluorescent Lamps I
30、nstant - start and Cold Cathode Types Dimensional and Electrical Characteristics ANSI C78.375 - 1991 Fluorescent Lamps Guide for Electrical Measurements ANSI/IEEE 100 - 1992 IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electri cal and Electronics Terms Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) 120 Wa
31、ll Street, FL. 17 New York, NY 10005 - 4001 IESNA Lighting Handbook - 8th Edition IESNA LM 41 - 1985 Approved Method for Photometric Testing of Indoor Fluorescent Luminaires LE 5- 2001 Page 2 1.3 DEFINITIONS ballast: An auxiliary device used with an electrical discharge lamp(s) to obtain the necessa
32、ry circuit conditions (voltage, current, and wave form) for the proper starting and operation of a particular fluorescent lamp(s) from a particular line voltage and frequency. ballast factor (BF): The percentage of light output produced when a fluorescent lamp(s) is energized from a commercially ava
33、ilable ballast as compared to the light output produced when en ergized from a reference ballast. Ballast factor tests are run in accordance with ANSI C82.2 fixture: The structural parts of a luminaire, including parts designed to distribute the light and to position and/or protect the lamp(s), to m
34、ount and support the ballast(s), and to provide a wire way or means of connecting the lamp(s) and ballast(s) to the power supply. A fixture includes the ballast(s), but does not include lamp(s). floating door: A door frame which appears visually separated from the fixtu re housing by a regressed are
35、a on all four sides/ends. The regressed area is normally painted black. Thus, the door frame appears to float. fluorescent lamp: A low pressure mercury electric - discharge lamp in which a fluorescing coating (phosphor) trans forms a portion of the ultraviolet energy generated by the arc discharge i
36、nto visible light. luminaire: A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps and ballast(s) together with the parts designed to distribute the light, to position and protec t the lamps, and to connect the lamps through the ballast(s) to the power supply. luminaire efficacy rating (LER): A ma
37、thematical method of determining the rated efficacy of a luminaire. reference ballast: A ballast specially constructed to have certai n prescribed electrical characteristics for use in testing electrical discharge lamps and other ballasts in accordance with ANSI C82.3. shielding angle (of a luminair
38、e): The angle between a horizontal line through the light center and the line of sight a t which the bare source first becomes visible. spacing criterion luminaire (SC): A classification parameter for indoor luminaires relating to the distribution of the direct illuminance component produced on the
39、work plane. The SC of a luminaire is an es timated maximum ratio of spacing to mounting height above the work plane for a regular array of that luminaire such that the work plane illuminance will be acceptably uniform. square cell louver: A louver having a cell size approximately equal both lengt hw
40、ise and crosswise. typical fluorescent rated lamp lumens: The rated average lumen output for a typical lamp, taken from the manufacturers catalog. These values are substantiated by tests performed in laboratories accredited by the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program. visual comfort p
41、robability (VCP): The rating of a lighting system expressed as a percentage of people who, when viewing from a specified location and in a specified direction, will be expected to find it acceptable in te rms of discomfort glare. NOTE In this procedure, the room size for VCP is 60 x 60 x 8.5 viewed
42、both parallel and perpendicular to lamps. LE 5- 2001 Page 3 Section 2 SELECTION OF COMPONENTS 2.1 TEST SPECIMEN LIGHTING FIXTURE The fixture selected for test shal l be clean and representative of the manufacturers current and regular production. 2.2. TEST SPECIMEN(S) FLUORESCENT BALLAST(S) Ballast(
43、s) chosen for the test shall be typical of current production and shall be tested and certified as having a ballast f actor that is within plus or minus 0.025 of established ballast factors, or the manufacturers established ballast factor, for the particular ballast/lamp when tested in accordance wi
44、th ANSI C82.2. 2.3 TEST SPECIMEN(S) FLUORESCENT LAMP(S) Lamps of stable output should be used. They should be constant in light output for constant line voltage and repeated operation. Lamps selected for tests should be typical of current production and should be selected for uniform luminance and c
45、olor from end - to - end and around the axis. Lamps shall conform to the requirements for reference lamps in accordance with ANSI C78.1 and C78.3. Where American National Standards do not exist for a given lamp type, values published by the lamp manufacturers shall apply. Lamps sha ll be burned for
46、at least 100 hours in order to ensure stable electrical characteristics. LE 5- 2001 Page 4 LE 5- 2001 Page 5 Section 3 TESTING FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT 3.1 FACILITIES Because of the importance of obtaining accurate and repeatable measurements, a National Vo luntary Laboratory Accreditation Program a
47、ccredited photometric laboratory is recommended for testing. The photometric laboratory shall have facilities for performing tests in accordance with all applicable sections of the IESNA LM - 41. 3.2 GENERAL CRITER IA Due to the sensitivity of fluorescent lamp light output to air flows, all testing
48、should be conducted in a simulated “draft free“ environment. Since air movement is necessary to avoid thermal stratification, care should be taken to minimize any draft or air - flow within the immediate vicinity of the test lamps or luminaire, or both. Temperature should be controlled to 25 C (75 F
49、) within a tolerance of a plus or minus 1C (1.8F). Lamp circuit pin connections should remain the same throughout the tes ts both for the calibration and for the luminaire test. LE 5- 2001 Page 6 LE 5- 2001 Page 7 Section 4 PROCEDURE 4.1 LUMINAIRE EFFICACY RATING FLUORESCENT LUMINAIRES The luminaire efficacy rating (LER) shall be specified as a minimum value as shown in 5.4 for each luminaire type and classification shown in 5.2. 4.2 LUMINAIRE TYPE AND CLASSIFICATIONS a. 2 x 4 Recessed 2 x 2
