1、NFPA1801 Standard on Thermal Imagers for the Fire Service 2013 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 An International Codes and Standards Organization Become a MemberSubscribeto theRegister forSeminars, Webinars, and Online CoursesVisit theNFPA CatalogNOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIAB
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25、l Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.NFPA1801Standard onThermal Imagers for the Fire Service2013 EditionThis edition of NFPA 1801, Standard on Thermal Imagers for the Fire Service, was prepared bythe Technical Committee on Electronic Safety Equipment (FAE-ELS) and released by theTechni
26、cal Correlating Committee on Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing andEquipment (FAA-AAC). It was issued by the Standards Council on May 29, 2012, with aneffective date of June 18, 2012, and supersedes all previous editions.This edition of NFPA 1801 was approved as an American National Sta
27、ndard on June 18,2012.Origin and Development of NFPA 1801In December 2004, Dr. Francine Amon, Nelson Bryner, and Anthony Hamins of the Na-tional Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) hosted the workshop, “Thermal Imag-ing Research Needs for First Responders.” The workshop provided a forum to
28、discuss thermalimaging camera strategies, technologies, procedures, best practices, research, and develop-ment. Participants included representatives from the U.S. Fire Administration, InternationalAssociation of Fire Chiefs, NIOSH NPPTL, Naval Research Lab, thermal imaging camera andcore manufactur
29、ers, as well as first responder users and trainers. The need for standards wasclearly identified as a priority. In May 2005, as a direct result of that workshop, a group ofmanufacturers and fire service end users met to further identify the need for standardization.The Fire Service Thermal Imaging C
30、amera Operational Standard (FSTICOS) WorkingGroup was formed with Larry Konsin of the American Council for Thermal Imaging and MSAselected to be the Groups chairman.The FSTICOS Working Group was well populated with representatives from all the manu-facturers of fire service thermal imagers and image
31、r core manufacturers along withfirefighter/end users and trainers. The Working Group focused principally on the needs ofthe fire service for thermal imagers and set about drafting a needs, functionality, usability, andruggedness statement to begin defining the levels of performance that were deemed
32、neces-sary. Through surveys conducted at fire service trade shows nationwide, fire fighters validatedthe findings of the group. As the FSTICOS Working Group was meeting bi-monthly, Dr. Amonand her staff at NIST, with the assistance of the U.S. Army Night Vision Lab, began developingthe criteria for
33、image quality for fire service thermal imagers. The two groups met and col-laborated on a proposed document for thermal imaging cameras. In September 2006, theFSTICOS Working Group requested that the NFPATechnical Committee on Electronic SafetyEquipment (TC on ESE) work with them on the project. The
34、 TC on ESE agreed to create aTask Group on Fire Service Thermal Imagers, and many of the participants of the FSTICOSWorking Group requested to be appointed as members of the TCs task group. TC on ESEChairman Bruce Varner appointed TC member Robert Athanas as the task group chairmanand the following
35、persons as task group members: Dr. F. Amon, N. Bryner, G. Francisco, C.Gestler, J. Hays, J. Henebury, P. House, R. Klug, L. Konsin, D. Little, S. Lumry, T. McDonald,M. McKenna, S. Nixdorff, T. Tedesco, D. Wiles, and T. Wolf.During the development process, it became clear that the fire services opera
36、tional environ-ments were very different from most other emergency services organizations, which led the TC tochange the focus of NFPA 1801 to thermal imagers for the fire service. The proposed standard wasentered into the Fall 2009 standards cycle and underwent several development changes as the TC
37、worked with the very technical design criteria and test methods developed for this standard. Aswith all PPE product standards in the Project on Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothingand Equipment, NFPA 1801 included requirements for independent third-party certification ofthermal imagers to
38、 ensure compliance with the labeling, design, performance, testing, and certi-fication requirements for the certification organizations and the thermal imager manufacturersto claim “certified as compliant” to NFPA 1801.18011NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of t
39、he National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.The Report on Proposals (ROP) for NFPA 1801 was released for public review and comment on December 29, 2008.Following the public review period, which closed on March 6, 2009, the Report on Comments (ROC) was processed inthe spring
40、of 2009. The Technical Correlating Committee (TCC) on Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothingand Equipment processed the proposed NFPA 1801 at their meeting in late May 2009 and approved the document togo forward.The 2010 edition of NFPA 1801 was recognized as one of the most technical docum
41、ents assembled and releasedunder the NFPA Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment Project to date. The image qualitytests that were developed specifically for the standard were complicated due to their highly technical nature, and thedegree to which they were reproducible from
42、testing laboratory to testing laboratory was in question.The TC sought the assistance and resources of the Fire Protection Research Foundation to coordinate a series ofround robin tests to determine the lab-to-lab repeatability of the image quality tests. The project was conducted by Dr.Francine Amo
43、n, Ph.D., who began this project while employed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST). The remainder of the testing was conducted by Chad Morey of Intertek Testing Services of Cortland, NewYork. Additional sponsorship of the project came from Draeger Safety, Honeywell First Res
44、ponder Products, ISGInfrasys, MSA, and Scott Safety.A number of changes that needed to be made were identified in the document. A Tentative Interim Amendment(TIA) and Errata were issued to address these changes. Ultimately, the TC decided that the best course of action was toimmediately enter the re
45、vision cycle for Annual 2012 and review the document for any additional changes.In April 2011, several thermal imager manufacturers began work to revise the testing issues. In June 2011, at thedirection of TC on ELS Chairman Bruce Varner, a task group was formed chaired by TC member Robert Athanas o
46、fFDNY and SAFE-IR, Inc. In an effort to identify and resolve these issues in an expeditious manner, the task group wascomprised of thermal imager manufacturer technical personnel (engineers from the thermal imager camera and coremanufacturers) and testing lab technicians. Task group members included
47、 Daniel Akins and John Morris (ISG INFRA-SYS), Landon Borders and Kyle Hawes (Bullard), Craig Gestler (MSA), Jason Patterson (Scott Safety), Jon Turner andBill Wilson (e2v Technologies), and Dr. Bernd Spellenberg and Travis Tedesco (Draeger Safety). The thermal imagercore manufactures were represent
48、ed by Humphrey Ha (L-3 Communications), and Bob Nishi and Julie Hoy Moreira(FLIR Systems). Certification and testing organizations were represented by Steve Sanders and Jim Rose (SEI) andJason Allen and Chad Morey (Intertek). Fire service representation included Bob Athanas of FDNY/SAFE-IR and Steve
49、Townsend of the Carrollton, Texas Fire Department.The first task group meeting was held on June 29, 2011 in Newark, New Jersey, where testing issues were furtherclarified and a course of action was developed and agreed upon by all the participants. This meeting was followed byseveral lengthy conference calls and many hours of research and testing over the summer months to meet a Septem-ber, 2011 NFPA 1801 Report on Comments (ROC) deadline.The last task group meeting was held in Austin, Texas on September 19, 2011, prior
