1、1991 NFPA Standard on Vapor-Protective Ensembles for Hazardous Materials Emergencies and CBRN Terrorism Incidents 2016 ORDER T o order or for more details on other NFPA products or seminars, call 1-800-344-3555. For orders outside the U.S., call 617-770-3000. VISIT our online catalog at catalog.nfpa
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29、269-9101; email: stds_adminnfpa.org For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. All NFPA codes and standards can be viewed at no cost at www.nfpa.org/freeaccess.1991-1 NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection
30、 Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169. Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association . All Rights Reserved. NFPA 1991 Standard on Vapor-Protective Ensembles for Hazardous Materials Emergencies and CBRN Terrorism Incidents 2016 Edition This edition of NFPA 1991, Standard on Vapor-Protective
31、 Ensembles for Hazardous Materials Emergencies and CBRN Terrorism Incidents, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Protective Clothing and Equipment and released by the Correlating Committee on Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment. It was issued by t
32、he Standards Council on November 14, 2015, with an effective date of December 4, 2015, and supersedes all previous editions. This edition of NFPA 1991 was approved as an American National Standard on December 4, 2015. Origin and Development of NFPA 1991 In 1985, the National Transportation Safety Bo
33、ard (NTSB) issued Report I-004-5 on a hazardous material incident that occurred in Benicia, California. In that report, the NTSB recommended that standards be developed for protective clothing for protection from hazardous chemicals. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) issued a position that
34、 requested private sector standards development to undertake the project of writing the standards on hazardous chemical protective clothing and asked other governmental agencies to assist and participate in the private sector standards development system. DOT time also directly requested that the NF
35、PA develop documents on hazardous chemical protective clothing. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) either adopted position statements modeled after the DO
36、T position or endorsed the DOT position. During 1985, the NFPA Standards Council approved a project for development of those standards and assigned the project to the Technical Committee on Fire Service Protective Clothing and Equipment. The Technical Committee established a standing Subcommittee on
37、 Hazardous Chemicals Protective Clothing, which began work in Phoenix, Arizona, in March 1986. Representatives from the USCG, FEMA, and OSHA participated on the subcommittee. At the same time, the American Society for Testing and Materials (now ASTM International) was developing a document on a sele
38、ction of chemicals for evaluating protective clothing materials that would serve as one of several ASTM testing criteria that would be referenced in the NFPA standards. The subcommittee met several times over a 2-year period at different locations across the country and developed two standards, one
39、for vapor-protection and one for liquid-splash protection. NFPA 1991 addresses vapor-protective ensembles designed to protect emergency response personnel against exposure to specied chemicals in vapor and liquid-splash environments during hazardous materials emergencies. Chemical permeation resista
40、nce documentation is required for primary suit materials (garment, visor, gloves, and boots) against each chemical in the NFPA battery of chemicals and any additional chemicals or specic chemical mixtures for which the manufacturer is certifying the suit. The NFPA battery of chemicals consists of 21
41、 chemicals, as specied in ASTM F1001, Standard Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate Protective Clothing Materials. These chemicals were selected because they are representative of the classes of chemicals that are encountered during hazardous chemical emergencies. NFPA 1991 includes performa
42、nce requirements that were established to reect simulated use conditions. A suit pressurization test is used to check the airtight integrity of each protective suit. Also, an overall suit water penetration test is designed to ensure the suit provides full body protection against liquid splashes. Pri
43、mary suit materials must resist permeation for 1 hour or more by each chemical in the NFPA battery. Manufacturers can certify protective suits for additional chemicals ifVAPOR-PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS 1991-2 2016 Edition the same permeatio
44、n performance is met. Also included are penetration resistance testing of closures and leak and cracking pressure tests for exhaust valves. These tests allow determination of adequate suit component performance in hazardous chemical environments. Material testing for burst strength, tear strength, a
45、brasion resistance, ammability resistance, cold temperature performance, and exural fatigue are required so that materials used for vapor-protective suits will afford adequate protection in the environment in which they will be used. The rst edition of NFPA 1991 was voted on by the Association at th
46、e 1989 Fall Meeting in Seattle, Washington, on November 15, 1989, and had an effective date of February 5, 1990. The Subcommittee on Hazardous Chemicals Protective Clothing began an early revision (4-year cycle) of the 1990 edition of NFPA 1991 in December 1991. During 1993, the NFPA restructured th
47、e manner in which committees were organized, and all standing subcommittees were eliminated. Within the Technical Committee on Fire Service Protective Clothing and Equipment, the former standing subcommittees were reorganized as task groups to address specic technical issues, and the technical commi
48、ttee assumed the entire responsibility for NFPA 1991. The second edition of NFPA 1991 encompassed revised scope and purpose sections to include optional components for enhanced protection and replacement items. Test methods were updated and rened to better ensure repeatability of testing results. Ex
49、tensive changes were made to the product labels to better accommodate the optional and replacement items. The second edition was acted on by the membership of the Association at the NFPA Annual Meeting in San Francisco, California, on May 18, 1994, and was issued with an effective date of August 5, 1994. In January 1995, the entire project for re service protective clothing and equipment was reorganized by the Standards Council. The new project has a Technical Correlating Committee on Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment and seven
