1、Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Response HandbookEdited byTom McGowan, MEdSenior Specialist Public Fire Protection NFPANational Fire Protection AssociationQuincy, MassachusettsWith the complete text of the 2013 editions of NFPA472, Standard for Competence of Responders to Hazardous M
2、aterials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents, and NFPA473, Standard for Competence of EMS Responders Responding to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Response HandbookSixth Edition Product Management: Michael S. Barresi, Jr.Dev
3、elopment and Production: Irene HerlihyPermissions: Josiane DomeniciComposition: JouveIllustrations: George NicholsArt Direction: Cheryl LangwayCover Design: Twist DesignManufacturing: Ellen GliskerPrinter: Quad Graphics/TauntonCopyright 2012National Fire Protection AssociationOne Batterymarch ParkQu
4、incy, Massachusetts 02169-7471All rights reserved.Notice Concerning Liability: Publication of this handbook is for the purpose of circulating information and opinion among those concerned for fire and electrical safety and related subjects. While every effort has been made to achieve a work of high
5、quality, neither the NFPAnor the contributors to this handbook guarantee the accuracy or completeness of or assume any liability in connection with the information and opinions contained in this handbook. The NFPA and the contributors shall in no event be liable for any personal injury, property, or
6、 other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon this handbook. This handbook is published with the understanding that the NFPA and the contributors to this handbook are
7、 supplying information and opinion but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. NFPA codes and standards are made available for use subject to Important Notices and Legal Di
8、sclaimers, which appear at the end of this handbook and can also be viewed at www.nfpa.org/ disclaimers. Notice Concerning Code Interpretations: This sixth edition of Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Response Handbook is based on the 2013 editions of NFPA 472, Standard for Competence
9、of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents, and NFPA 473, Standard for Competence of EMS Responders Responding to Hazardous Materials/ Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents. All NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides are developed in accordance with
10、the published procedures of the NFPA by technical committees comprised of volunteers drawn from a broad array of relevant interests. The handbook contains the complete text of NFPA 472 and NFPA 473 and any applicable Formal Interpretations issued by the Association. These documents are accompanied b
11、y explanatory commentary and other supplementary materials. The commentary and supplementary materials in this handbook are not a part of the codes and do not constitute Formal Interpretations of the NFPA (which can be obtained only through requests processed by the responsible technical committees
12、in accordance with the published procedures of the NFPA). The commentary and supplementary materials, therefore, solely reflect the personal opinions of the editor or other contributors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees. The following are
13、registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association: National Fire Protection AssociationNFPAFire Protection HandbookNFPA No.: 472HB13ISBN (book): 978-1-45590-340-5ISBN (electronic product): 978-1-45590-341-2Library of Congress Card Control No.: 2012947709Printed in the United States o
14、f America12 13 14 15 16 5 4 3 2 1Preface ixAcknowledgments xiContributors xiiiAbout the Editor xvPART ONENFPA472, Standard for Competence ofResponders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents, 2013 Edition,with Commentary 11 Administration 31.1 Scope 31.2 Purpose 51.3 Application
15、 52 Referenced Publications 72.1 General 72.2 NFPA Publications 72.3 Other Publications 72.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections (Reserved) 73 Definitions 93.1 General 93.2 NFPA Official Definitions 93.3 General Definitions 103.4 Operations Level Responders Definitions 384 Competencies for
16、 Awareness LevelPersonnel 434.1 General 434.2 Competencies Analyzing the Incident 444.3 No Competencies Planning the Response (Reserved) 674.4 Competencies Implementing the Planned Response 674.5 Competencies Evaluating Progress (Reserved) 744.6 Competencies Terminating the Incident (Reserved) 745 C
17、ore Competencies for Operations LevelResponders 755.1 General 755.2 Core Competencies Analyzing the Incident 845.3 Core Competencies Planning the Response 1215.4 Core Competencies Implementing the Planned Response 1345.5 Core Competencies Evaluating Progress 1405.6 Competencies Terminating the Incid
18、ent (Reserved) 1416 Competencies for Operations LevelResponders Assigned Mission-Specific Responsibilities 1436.1 General 1436.2 Mission-Specific Competencies: Personal Protective Equipment 1446.3 Mission-Specific Competencies: Mass Decontamination 1496.4 Mission-Specific Competencies: Technical Dec
19、ontamination 1556.5 Mission-Specific Competencies: Evidence Preservation and Sampling 1686.6 Mission-Specific Competencies: Product Control 1806.7 Mission-Specific Competencies: Air Monitoring and Sampling 1836.8 Mission-Specific Competencies: Victim Rescue and Recovery 1876.9 Mission-Specific Compe
20、tencies: Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents 189vContentsvi Contents6.10 Mission-Specific Competencies: Disablement/Disruption of Improvised Explosives Devices (IEDs), Improvised WMD Dispersal Devices, and Operations at Improvised Explosives Laboratories 1967 Competencies for Hazardous Material
21、s Technicians 2117.1 General 2117.2 Competencies Analyzing the Incident 2147.3 Competencies Planning the Response 2467.4 Competencies Implementing the Planned Response 2617.5 Competencies Evaluating Progress 2677.6 Competencies Terminating the Incident 2688 Competencies for Incident Commanders 2738.
22、1 General 2748.2 Competencies Analyzing the Incident 2758.3 Competencies Planning the Response 2788.4 Competencies Implementing the Planned Response 2858.5 Competencies Evaluating Progress 2898.6 Competencies Terminating the Incident 2909 Competencies for Specialist Employees 2959.1 General 2969.2 S
23、pecialist Employee C 2969.3 Specialist Employee B 3019.4 Specialist Employee A 31410 Competencies for Hazardous MaterialsOfficers 31910.1 General 31910.2 Competencies Analyzing the Incident 32010.3 Competencies Planning the Response 32110.4 Competencies Implementing the Planned Response 32310.5 Comp
24、etencies Evaluating Progress 32510.6 Competencies Terminating the Incident 32611 Competencies for Hazardous Materials Safety Officers 32911.1 General 32911.2 Competencies Analyzing the Incident 33111.3 Competencies Planning the Response 33211.4 Competencies Implementing the Planned Response 33611.5
25、Competencies Evaluating Progress 33911.6 Competencies Terminating the Incident 34012 Competencies for Hazardous Materials Technicians with a Tank Car Specialty 34312.1 General 34412.2 Competencies Analyzing the Incident 34512.3 Competencies Planning the Response 36312.4 Competencies Implementing the
26、 Planned Response 36713 Competencies for Hazardous Materials Technicians with a Cargo Tank Specialty 37113.1 General 37113.2 Competencies Analyzing the Incident 37213.3 Competencies Planning the Response 38013.4 Competencies Implementing the Planned Response 38114 Competencies for Hazardous Material
27、s Technicians with an Intermodal Tank Specialty 38714.1 General 38714.2 Competencies Analyzing the Incident 38914.3 Competencies Planning the Response 39814.4 Competencies Implementing the Planned Response 39915 Competencies for Hazardous Materials Technicians with a Marine Tank and Non-Tank Vessel
28、Specialty 40315.1 General 40315.2 Competencies Analyzing the Incident 41015.3 Competencies Planning the Response 42115.4 Competencies Implementing the Planned Response 42116 Competencies for Hazardous Materials Technicians with a Flammable Liquids Bulk Storage Specialty 42516.1 General 42516.2 Compe
29、tencies Analyzing the Incident 4262013 Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Response HandbookContents vii16.3 Competencies Planning the Response 42816.4 Competencies Implementing the Planned Response 43017 Competencies for Hazardous Materials Technicians with a Flammable Gases Bulk Storag
30、e Specialty 43117.1 General 43117.2 Competencies Analyzing the Incident 43217.3 Competencies Planning the Response 43317.4 Competencies Implementing the Planned Response 43418 Competencies for the Hazardous Materials Technician with a Radioactive Material Specialty 43718.1 General 43718.2 Competenci
31、es Analyzing the Incident 43818.3 Competencies Planning the Response 44018.4 Competencies Implementing the Planned Response 441AnnexesA Explanatory Material 443B Competencies for Operations Level Responders Assigned Biological AgentSpecific Tasks 445C Competencies for Operations Level Responders Ass
32、igned Chemical AgentSpecific Tasks 451D Competencies for Operations Level Responders Assigned Radiological AgentSpecific Tasks 455E Overview of Responder Levels and Tasks at Hazardous Materials/WMD Incidents 461F Definitions of Hazardous Materials 465G UN/DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions 467H Inform
33、ational References 473PART TWONFPA473, Standard for Competencies for EMS Personnel Responding to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents, 2013 Edition, with Commentary 4771 Administration 4791.1 Scope 4791.2 Purpose 4791.3 CDC Categories A, B, and C 4802 Referenced Publications 483
34、2.1 General 4832.2 NFPA Publications 4832.3 Other Publications 4832.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections (Reserved) 4833 Definitions 4853.1 General 4853.2 NFPA Official Definitions 4853.3 General Definitions 4864 Competencies for Hazardous Materials/WMD Basic Life Support (BLS) Responder
35、4934.1 General 4934.2 Competencies Analyzing the Incident 4964.3 Competencies Planning the Response 5054.4 Competencies Implementing the Planned Response 5104.5 Reporting and Documenting the Incident 5364.6 Compiling Incident Reports 5365 Competencies for Hazardous Materials/WMD Advanced Life Suppor
36、t (ALS) Responder 5395.1 General 5395.2 Competencies Analyzing the Hazardous Materials Incident 5435.3 Competencies Planning the Response 5515.4 Competencies Implementing the Planned Response 5575.5 Competencies Terminating the Incident 5826 Competencies for Advanced Life Support (ALS) Responders As
37、signed Mission-Specific Responsibilities 5856.1 General 5856.2 Mission-Specific Competencies: Advanced Life Support (ALS) Responder Assigned to a Hazardous Materials Team 5866.3 Mission-Specific Competencies: Advanced Life Support (ALS) Responder Assigned to Provide Clinical Interventions at Hazardo
38、us Materials/WMD Incident 5932013 Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Response Handbookviii Contents 6.4 Mission-Specific Competencies: Advanced Life Support (ALS) Responder Assigned to Treatment of Smoke Inhalation Victims 596AnnexesA Explanatory Material 601B Toxicity Analysis and Anti
39、dote Tables 603C Informational References 611PART THREESupplements 6131. Recognizing and Identifying Hazardous Environments 6152. Fire Fighter Fatalities: Propane Gas Explosion at Gasoline Station 6253. One Fire Fighter Killed and Eight Fire Fighters Injured in a Dumpster Explosion at a Foundry Wisc
40、onsin 6354. Selection of Chemical-Protective Clothing Using NFPA Standards 6475. First Responder Considerations/Guidelines for Well Control and Geophysical Incidents or Incidents at Petroleum Drilling Sites 665NFPA 472 Index 669NFPA 473 Index 677Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning NFPADocum
41、ents 6812013 Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Response HandbookixThe National Fire Protection Associations NFPA 472, Standard for Competence of Re-sponders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents, and NFPA 473, Standard for Competencies for EMS Personnel Respondin
42、g to Hazardous Materials/Weap-ons of Mass Destruction Incidents, continue to be valued in emergency response communi-ties as the premier resources for training and operational procedures. The fundamentals for response to hazardous materials incidents are based on concepts that are tried and true. Pa
43、ramount to the concepts is responding and mitigating in a safe, efficient, and effective manner. Escalation of the circumstance to include increased causalities, expanded geographical conditions, criminal intent, or terrorism implications only solidifies the need for a firm base from which to manage
44、 the situation, which is promoted in both NFPA 472 and NFPA 473. NFPA 472 is designed to apply to all emergency responders. Emergency responders are comprised of fire, rescue, law enforcement, emergency medical services, private industry, and allied professionals. Allied professionals include certif
45、ied industrial hygienists, certificated safety professionals, certified health physicists, certified hazardous materials managers, and similar credentialed or competent individuals as determined by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). Emergency responders should be trained to perform expected ta
46、sks in expanded roles, given the complexities and demands placed upon them today. EMS personnel may be called to respond to a particularly difficult incident that involves one person with unusual signs and symptoms or many people as a result of a mass causality incident. NFPA 473 is intended to assi
47、st in the protection of the EMS emergency responder and manage the care of the patient.The Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Response Handbook, 6th edition, 2013, complements NFPA 472 and NFPA 473 with accompanying commentary and follow-up information from the Technical Committee on Ha
48、zardous Materials Response Personnel. Part I references NFPA 472 and includes competencies for awareness level personnel, operations level responders, hazardous materials technicians, incident commanders, hazardous materials officers, hazardous materials safety officers, specialist employees, and sp
49、ecialty technicians. Part II references NFPA 473 and includes competencies for basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS) responders.Part III offers supplemental material that contains particular incidents, best practices, and lessons learned that could be helpful information for the emergency responder. The Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel made several significant changes to the 2013 edition. In the 2008 edition of
