1、 ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2007 ISSN: 1041-5635 The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set Abstract: Defines fifteen metadata elements for resource description in a cross-disciplinary information environment. An American National Standard Developed by the National Information Standards Organization Approved May 22
2、, 2007 by the American National Standards Institute Published by the National Information Standards Organization NISO Press, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2007 About NISO Standards NISO standards are developed by the Standards Committees of the National Information Standards Organizati
3、on. The development process is a strenuous one that includes a rigorous peer review of proposed standards open to each NISO Voting Member and any other interested party. Final approval of the standard involves verification by the American National Standards Institute that its requirements for due pr
4、ocess, consensus, and other approval criteria have been met by NISO. Once verified and approved, NISO Standards also become American National Standards. This standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. For current information on the status of this standard contact the NISO office or visit the
5、NISO website at: http:/www.niso.org Published by NISO Press 4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 300 Bethesda, MD 20814 www.niso.org Copyright 2007 by the National Information Standards Organization All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. For noncommercial purposes onl
6、y, this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission in writing from the publisher, provided it is reproduced accurately, the source of the material is identified, and the NISO copyright status is acknowledged. All inquires regarding translations
7、into other languages or commercial reproduction or distribution should be addressed to: NISO Press, 4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20814. Printed in the United States of America ISSN: 1041-5635 (National information standards series) ISBN-10: 1-8880124-73-4 ISBN-13: 978-1-880124-73-4
8、ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2007 2007 NISO i Contents Foreword . ii 1 Purpose and Scope 1 2 References 1 3 Definitions. 2 4 The Element Set . 2 5 The Elements 2 Appendix A (informative) Further Reading 6 Appendix B (informative) Maintenance Agency 7 ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2007 ii 2007 NISO Foreword (This foreword is
9、 not part of The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2007. It is included for information only.) About This Standard The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set is a vocabulary of fifteen properties for use in resource description. The name “Dublin“ is due to its origin at a 1995 invitationa
10、l workshop in Dublin, Ohio; “core“ because its elements are broad and generic, usable for describing a wide range of resources. The fifteen element “Dublin Core“ described in this standard is part of a larger set of metadata vocabularies and technical specifications maintained by the Dublin Core Met
11、adata Initiative (DCMI). The full set of vocabularies, DCMI Metadata Terms DCMI-TERMS, also includes a set of resource classes, the DCMI Type Vocabulary DCMI-TYPE. The terms in DCMI vocabularies are intended to be used in combination with terms from other, compatible vocabularies in the context of a
12、pplication profiles and on the basis of the DCMI Abstract Model DCAM. In 2006, the DCMI Usage Board undertook an editorial review of terms in the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES) in order to clarify intended semantics and bring the wording of their definitions and usage comments into line wi
13、th the language of the DCMI Abstract Model DCAM. A set of proposed changes was posted for Public Comment from August 28 to September 25, 2006. A face-to-face Usage Board meeting in Manzanillo, Mexico, on September 30, 2006 resulted in the publication on December 18, 2006 of a decision text, a respon
14、se to comments, and revised terms documentation. This revision of the original standard that was issued in 2001 corresponds to version 1.1 on the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative website that resulted from the editorial review and public comment period described above. All changes made to terms of th
15、e Dublin Core Metadata Element Set since 2001 have been reviewed by a DCMI Usage Board in the context of a DCMI Namespace Policy DCMI-NAMESPACE. The namespace policy describes how DCMI terms are assigned Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) and sets limits on the range of editorial changes that may a
16、llowably be made to the labels, definitions, and usage comments associated with existing DCMI terms. NISO Voting Members At the time NISO balloted this standard, the following organizations were voting members: 3M Susan Boettcher, Roger D. Larson (Alt) Alcatel-Lucent Technologies M.E. Brennan Americ
17、an Association of Law Libraries Robert L. Oakley, Mary Alice Baish (Alt) American Library Association Betty Landesman American Psychological Association Linda Beebe, Janice Fleming (Alt) American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) Marcia Lei Zeng American Society of Indexers Jud
18、ith Gibbs ARMA International William Millican Armed Forces Medical Library Diane Zehnpfennig, Emily Court (Alt) Art Libraries Society of North America (ARLIS/NA) Pat Fragola Association for Information and Image Management (AIIM) Betsy A. Fanning Association of Information and Dissemination Centers
19、(ASIDIC) Drucilla Ekwurzel Association of Jewish Libraries Caroline R. Miller, Elizabeth Vernon (Alt) ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2007 2007 NISO iii Voting Members (continued) Association of Research Libraries Duane E. Webster Auto-Graphics, Inc. Mary Jackson, Ruth Castillo (Alt) Baker Robbins & Company Diane
20、Carlisle Book Industry Communication Brian Green California Digital Library Daniel Greenstein, John Kunze (Alt) Cambridge Information Group Gary Aiello, Matthew Dunie (Alt) Checkpoint Systems, Inc. Douglas Karp, Frank Palazzo (Alt) College Center for Library Automation (CCLA) Susan Campbell, Ann Arm
21、brister (Alt) Colorado State Library Steve Wrede, Gene Hainer (Alt) Copyright Clearance Center Heather Reid, Tracey Armstrong (Alt) CrossRef Chuck Koscher, Edward Pentz (Alt) DAISY Consortium George Kerscher, Markus Gylling (Alt) EBSCO Information Services Gary Coker, Oliver Pesch (Alt) Ex Libris, I
22、nc. Ted Koppel Factiva Trish Yancey, Dave Clarke (Alt) H.W. Wilson Company Patricia Kuhr Helsinki University Library Juha Hakala IDF The International DOI Foundation Norman Paskin Index Data Sebastian Hammer, David Dorman (Alt) Inera Inc. Bruce Rosenblum INFLIBNET Centre T A V Murthy, Rajesh Chandra
23、kar (Alt) Infor Global Solutions Eric Conderaerts, Eloise Sullivan (Alt) Innovative Interfaces, Inc. Gerald M. Kline, Betsy Graham (Alt) Ithaka/JSTOR/ARTstor Evan Owens, Bruce Heterick (Alt) John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Clifford Morgan Library Binding Institute Debra Nolan Library of Congress Sally H. Mc
24、Callum Los Alamos National Laboratory Miriam Blake Medical Library Association Leopoldo Montoya, Carla J. Funk (Alt) MINITEX Cecelia Boone, William DeJohn (Alt) Modern Language Association Daniel Bokser, B. Chen (Alt) MuseGlobal, Inc. Kate Noerr, Clifford Hammond (Alt) Music Library Association Mark
25、 McKnight, David Sommerfield (Alt) National Agricultural Library Eleanor G. Frierson, Gary K. McCone (Alt) National Archives and Records Administration Nancy Allard, Jennifer Heaps (Alt) National Library of Medicine Barbara Rapp, Betsy L. Humphreys (Alt) National Security Agency Kate Dolan NexTag, I
26、nc. Minjen Mao, Trieu Nguyen (Alt) NFAIS Marjorie Hlava OCLC Online Computer Library Center Thomas Hickey OCLC PICA, Inc. Robin Murray Polaris Library Systems Candy Zemon, Paul Huf (Alt) ProQuest Information and Learning Christopher Rennie, Carol Brent (Alt) Publishers Licensing Society Ltd. Alicia
27、Wise, Lydia Murray (Alt) Recording Industry Association of America Bruce Block, Carlos Garza (Alt) Reed Elsevier Paul Mostert Ringgold, Inc. Ralph Shoffner, Donald Chvatal (Alt) ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2007 iv 2007 NISO Voting Members (continued) RLG Lennie Stovel SAGE Publications Carol Richman, Richard F
28、idczuk (Alt) Serials Solutions, Inc. Michael Showalter, Peter McCracken (Alt) SirsiDynix Greg Hathorn, Slavko Manojlovich (Alt) Society for Technical Communication (STC) Frederick OHara, Annette Reilly (Alt) Society of American Archivists Kathleen Dow Special Libraries Association (SLA) Julie-Mae St
29、anley Standards Australia Agnes Simai, Kerry Blinco (Alt) Swets Information Services Tina Feick, William Hoffman (Alt) TAGSYS, Inc. Alastair McArthur, Stacy Betts (Alt) Talis Information Ltd Terry Willan, Ian Davis (Alt) Thomson Gale Katherine Gruber, Justine Carson (Alt) Thomson Scientific James Pr
30、ingle, Carolyn Finn (Alt) TLC The Library Corporation Mark Wilson, Wayne Hicks (Alt) Triangle Research Libraries Network Mona C. Couts U.S. Department of Defense, DTIC (Defense Technical Information Center) Richard Evans, Jane L. Cohen (Alt) U.S. Government Printing Office Judith Russell, T.C. Evans
31、 (Alt) VTLS, Inc. Carl Grant WebFeat Todd Miller, Paul Duncan (Alt) Zone & Zone Co. Ltd. Ahn Gye Sung NISO Board of Directors At the time NISO approved this standard, the following individuals served on its Board of Directors: Carl Grant, Chair VTLS James Neal, Vice Chair / Chair Elect Columbia Univ
32、ersity Winston Tabb, Treasurer Johns Hopkins University Todd Carpenter, Secretary National Information Standards Organization Directors Nancy Davenport Nancy Davenport & Associates Lorcan Dempsey OCLC Online Computer Library Center John Erickson Hewlett-Packard Laboratories John Harwood Pennsylvania
33、 State University Michael Jensen National Academies Press Chuck Koscher CrossRef Robin Murray OCLC PICA, Inc. Oliver Pesch EBSCO Information Services Bruce Rosenblum INERA, Inc. ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2007 2007 NISO v NISO Committee AS The following individuals served on the original standard committee th
34、at developed the 2001 version of the standard. The current version was revised by the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, the Maintenance Agency for the standard. John Kunze (Chair) University of California / National Library of Medicine Rebecca Guenther Library of Congress Marjorie Hlava Access Innova
35、tions, Inc. Clifford Morgan John Wiley & Sons Ltd. John Perkins CIMI Consortium ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2007 vi 2007 NISO ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2007 2007 NISO 1 The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set 1 Purpose and Scope The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set is a standard for cross-domain resource description. As i
36、n Internet RFC 3986, Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax, this specification does not limit the scope of what might be a resource. The elements described in this standard are typically used in the context of an application profile which constrains or specifies their use in accordance w
37、ith local or community-based requirements and policies. The specification of such implementation detail is outside the scope of this standard. 2 References This standard references the following documents. The bracketed abbreviation is used in the text of this Standard when referring to a specific r
38、eference. DCMI Abstract Model. DCAM http:/dublincore.org/documents/abstract-model/ DCMI Encoding Guidelines. DCMI-ENCODINGS http:/dublincore.org/resources/expressions/ DCMI Metadata Terms. DCMI-TERMS http:/dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/ DCMI Namespace Policy. DCMI-NAMESPACE http:/dublincore.or
39、g/documents/dcmi-namespace/ DCMI Type Vocabulary. DCMI-TYPE http:/dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/ Date and Time Formats, W3C Note. W3CDTF http:/www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. TGN http:/www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/tgn/index.html MIME Media
40、Types. MIME http:/www.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/media-types/ Tags for Identifying Languages. RFC 4646 http:/www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4646.txt Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax. RFC 3986 http:/www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2007 2 2007 NISO 3 Definitions The followin
41、g terms, as used in this standard, have the meanings indicated. Term Definition DCMI the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, maintenance agency for the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set Lifecycle of a resource a sequence of events that mark the development and use of a resource Some examples of events i
42、n a lifecycle are: conception of an invention, creation of a draft, revision of an article, publication of a book, acquisition by a library, transcription to magnetic disk, migration to optical storage, translation into English, and derivation of a new work (e.g., a movie). Resource anything that mi
43、ght be identified (the same definition as in Internet RFC 3986 and in the DCMI Abstract Model) 4 The Element Set In the element descriptions below, each element has a descriptive label (“label“) for human consumption and a unique token (“name“) for use in machine processing. In accordance with the D
44、CMI Namespace Policy DCMI-NAMESPACE, the “name“ of an element is appended to a DCMI namespace URI to construct a Uniform Resource Identifier as a globally unique identifier for that element. The use of element names and URIs in the context of different implementation technologies is explained in DCM
45、I Encoding Guidelines DCMI-ENCODINGS. 5 The Elements Element Name: title Label: Title Definition: A name given to the resource. Element Name: creator Label: Creator Definition: An entity primarily responsible for making the resource. Comment: Examples of a Creator include a person, an organization,
46、or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity. ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2007 2007 NISO 3 Element Name: subject Label: Subject Definition: The topic of the resource. Comment: Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases, or classification codes
47、. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. To describe the spatial or temporal topic of the resource, use the Coverage element. Element Name: description Label: Description Definition: An account of the resource. Comment: Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract
48、, a table of contents, a graphical representation, or a free-text account of the resource. Element Name: publisher Label: Publisher Definition: An entity responsible for making the resource available. Comment: Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the na
49、me of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity. Element Name: contributor Label: Contributor Definition: An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource. Comment: Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity. Element Name: date Label: Date Definition: A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource. Comment: Date may be used to express temporal information at any lev
