1、APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEDISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITEDNASA TECHNICAL STANDARD NASA-STD-4003A National Aeronautics and Space Administration Approved: 02-05-2013 Washington, DC 20546-0001 Superseding Baseline ELECTRICAL BONDING FOR NASA LAUNCH VEHICLES, SPACECRAFT, PAYLOADS, AND FLIGHT EQUIPMENT MEASURE
2、MENT SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION: METRIC/SI Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NASA-STD-4003A APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEDISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED2 of 35 DOCUMENT HISTORY LOG Status Document Revision Approval Date Description Baseline 09-08-20
3、03 Initial Release Revision A 02-05-2013 Reformatted document to meet current NASA Standard Template Deleted the following document references: MIL-C-5541, MIL-STD-889, NSTS 37330, SAE-AMS-M-3171, SAE-ARP-1481 SAE-ARP-ILO1870, SSP 30245 Added the following Applicable Documents: NASA-STD-6012, NASA-S
4、TD-6016, SAE-ARP-5414 Section 3.1: Added “CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic” Section 3.1: Added “EMI Electromagnetic Interference” Section 3.1: Added “EUT Equipment under test” Section 3.1: Changed GFRP acronym. From: graphite filament reinforced plastic To: glass or graphite fiber reinforced pla
5、stic Section 3.2: In Electrical Bonding definition changed From: “mechanical interfaces” To: “faying surface mechanical interfaces” Section 3.2: Deleted redundant word “Provides” in third and forth bullet. Section 3.2: Added “faying surface” definition Table 1: Purpose of Class C Bond From: “Reduces
6、 power and voltage losses.” To: “Reduces power and voltage losses at the bonding interfaces.” Table 1: Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NASA-STD-4003A APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEDISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED3 of 35 Status Document Revision
7、 Approval Date Description Column: CLASS L, Row: BOND REQT. From: “Bonding components shall withstand high current.” To: “Bonding components are required to withstand high current without arcing.” Section 4.1.2.2 From: “ignition point” To: “ignition temperature” Added section: 4.1.2.4 Pipe, Tubing,
8、and Hoses Section 4.1.3.d: From: “ignition point” To: “ignition temperature” Section 4.1.3.1 From: “due to heating or arcing.” To: “due to conditions including heating, sparking, or arcing.” Figure 1: Changed curve title. From: “Maximum Resistance” To: “Maximum Allowable Resistance” Section 4.1.4.1:
9、 Changed paragraph title. From: “Electrical Connectors” To: “Electrical Connectors and Shield Termination” Section 4.1.5.a: Rearranged sentence to add clarity. Section 4.1.6: Converted inches to centimeters Section 4.1.6.b (1): Added requirement for conductive coatings. Section 4.1.6.b (2): Added in
10、formation for surface conductivity. Section 4.1.6.2 From: “20 decibels (dB) less than applicable minimum ignition energy (MIE) threshold Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NASA-STD-4003A APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEDISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMIT
11、ED4 of 35 Status Document Revision Approval Date Description level” To: “1/10 of applicable minimum ignition energy (MIE) (or 20 decibels (dB) below) threshold level” Section 5.1.2: Moved the information from the following sections to 5.1.2 Bond Straps: 4.3.3 Bond Straps 4.4.2 Conductivity of Bond J
12、oint 4.4.3 Bond Straps Added section “5.1.3 Fasteners” Removed detailed information on surface cleaning and finishing and pointed to NASA-STD-6012 and NASA-STD-6016 instead. Deleted the following sections: 5.2.1 Aluminum 5.2.2 Magnesium 5.2.3 Steel Deleted Table II, Galvanic Series. Deleted Section
13、5.4, Special Considerations, and changed to: 5.4 Graphite Filament Reinforced Plastic (GFRP). Section 5.4: Replaced “Graphite Filament Reinforced Plastic (GFRP)” with “Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP).” Deleted Section 5.4.3 Multilayer Insulation Section 5.5.b: Added verbiage for end-to-end me
14、asurement option. Section 5.5.f: Added verification for conductive coatings. Section 5.5.g: Added verification for surface conductivity. Deleted Section 6.7 Surface Cleaning and Finishing Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NASA-STD-4003A
15、 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEDISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED5 of 35 Status Document Revision Approval Date Description Moved Section 6.9 Special Considerations to the appendix and divided into the following sections: A.3.8 Pipe, Tubing and Hoses (Class S) A.3.9 Composite Materials A.3.10 Multilayer Insulat
16、ion Section A.2: Added the following reference documents: NASA-HDBK-4002 NASA-HDBK-4006 NASA-STD-4005 NASA-STD-464C Section A.3.3 From: “GFPR” To: “glass or graphite fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP)” Section A.3.6: Added information on triboelectrification. Section A.3.11: Added information on verifi
17、cation processes. Section A.3.11: Added information on clamping pressure. Section A.3.11: Added Figure 2, Electrical Bonding Path Diagram Example Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NASA-STD-4003A APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEDISTRIBUTION I
18、S UNLIMITED6 of 35 FOREWORD This Standard is published by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to provide uniform engineering and technical requirements for processes, procedures, practices, and methods that have been endorsed as standard for NASA programs and projects, including
19、 requirements for selection, application, and design criteria of an item. This Standard is approved for use by NASA Headquarters and NASA Centers, including Component Facilities and Technical and Service Support Centers. This Standard establishes a common framework for consistent electrical bonding
20、practices across NASA programs. The intent is to provide stand-alone requirements and to provide enough data to help modify requirements or to allow waivers if needed.Requests for information, corrections, or additions to this Standard should be submitted via “Feedback” in the NASA Standards and Tec
21、hnical Assistance Resource Tool at https:/standards.nasa.gov. Original Signed By: 02-05-2013 Michael G. Ryschkewitsch Approval Date NASA Chief Engineer Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NASA-STD-4003A APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEDISTRIBU
22、TION IS UNLIMITED7 of 35 SECTIONTABLE OF CONTENTS PAGEDOCUMENT HISTORY LOG . 2 FOREWORD . 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 7 LIST OF FIGURES . 9 LIST OF TABLES . 9 1. SCOPE 10 1.1 Purpose . 10 1.2 Applicability . 10 1.3 Tailoring . 10 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS. 10 2.1 General . 10 2.2 Government Documents 11 2.3
23、 Non-Government Documents 11 2.4 Order of Precedence . 11 3. ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS. 11 3.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations 11 3.2 Definitions . 12 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 14 4.1 Electrical Bonding . 14 4.1.1 Assembly Drawings . 14 4.1.2 Power Current Return Path (Class C) 14 4.1.2.1 Bond Joints 14 4.1
24、.2.2 Magnesium Alloy 14 4.1.2.3 Hazardous Area Bonding . 14 4.1.2.4 Piping, Tubing, and Hoses . 15 4.1.3 Shock and Fault Protection (Class H) 15 4.1.3.1 Hazardous Area Bonding . 15 4.1.4 Electromagnetic Interference or Radio Frequency (Class R) 17 4.1.4.1 Electrical Connectors and Shield Termination
25、 17 4.1.4.2 Antennas 17 4.1.5 Lightning Protection (Class L) 18 4.1.5.1 Hazardous Area Bonding . 19 4.1.6 Electrostatic Discharge (Class S) . 19 4.1.6.1 Multilayer Insulation 20 4.1.6.2 Hazardous Area Bonding . 20 4.1.6.3 Pipe, Tubing, and Hoses 21 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or net
26、working permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NASA-STD-4003A APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEDISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED8 of 35 SECTIONTABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) PAGE5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS. 21 5.1 Bonding Methods . 21 5.1.1 Metal-to-Metal (faying surface to faying surface) 21 5.1.2 Bond Straps . 21 5
27、.1.3 Fasteners . 23 5.2 Surface Cleaning and Finishing 23 5.3 Galvanic Corrosion of Dissimilar Materials . 24 5.4 Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic . 24 5.5 Verification . 24 APPENDICESA Guidance . 26 A.1 Purpose 26 A.2 Reference Documents . 26 A.3 Guidelines . 27 A.3.1 Design Parameters 27 A.3.2 Powe
28、r Current Return Path (Class C) . 27 A.3.3 Shock and Fault Protection (Class H) . 27 A.3.4 Electromagnetic Interference or Radio Frequency (Class R) . 28 A.3.5 Lightning Protection (Class L) . 30 A.3.6 Electrostatic Discharge (Class S) 31 A.3.7 Galvanic Corrosion of Dissimilar Materials . 32 A.3.8 P
29、ipe, Tubing and Hoses (Class S) . 33 A.3.9 Composite Materials . 33 A.3.10 Multilayer Insulation . 34 A.3.11 Verification . 34 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NASA-STD-4003A APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEDISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED9 of 35
30、FIGURELIST OF FIGURES PAGE1 Fault Current vs. Maximum Bonding Resistance in the Presence of Flammable Vapors or Liquids . 16 2 Electrical Bonding Diagram-Example 35 TABLELIST OF TABLES PAGE1 Summary of Electrical Bonding Classes . 13 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitt
31、ed without license from IHS-,-,-NASA-STD-4003A APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEDISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED10 of 35 ELECTRICAL BONDING FOR NASA LAUNCH VEHICLES, SPACECRAFT, PAYLOADS, AND FLIGHT EQUIPMENT 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this Standard is to define the basic electrical bonding requirements
32、 for NASA launch vehicles, spacecraft, payloads, and equipment. Its intent is to provide fundamental aerospace electrical bonding requirements, as well as to classify electrical bonds according to their purpose. This Standard also states the requirements for the various classes. The rationale for sp
33、ecific requirements is stated where possible. Additional data is provided to support tailoring for new applications, if necessary. 1.2 Applicability This Standard is applicable to engineering practices for NASA programs and projects.This Standard is approved for use by NASA Headquarters and NASA Cen
34、ters, including Component Facilities and Technical and Service Support Centers, and may be cited in contract, program, and other Agency documents as a technical requirement. This Standard may also apply to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory or to other contractors, grant recipients, or parties to agreeme
35、nts only to the extent specified or referenced in their contracts, grants, or agreements. Requirements are numbered and indicated by the word “shall.” Explanatory or guidance text is indicated in italics beginning in section 4. 1.3 Tailoring Tailoring of this Standard for application to a specific p
36、rogram or project shall be formally documented as part of program or project requirements and approved by the Technical Authority. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General The documents listed in this section contain provisions that constitute requirements of this Standard as cited in the text. 2.1.1 The
37、 latest issuances of cited documents shall apply unless specific versions are designated. 2.1.2 Non-use of specific versions as designated shall be approved by the responsible Technical Authority. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NASA-
38、STD-4003A APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEDISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED11 of 35 The applicable documents are accessible via the NASA Standards and Technical Assistance Resource Tool at https:/standards.nasa.gov or may be obtained directly from the Standards Developing Organizations or other document distribu
39、tors. 2.2 Government Documents National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA-STD-6012 Corrosion Protection for Space Flight Hardware NASA-STD-6016 Standard Materials and Processes Requirements for Spacecraft 2.3 Non-Government Documents Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Aerospace SAE-ARP-54
40、12 Aircraft Lightning Environment and Related Test Waveforms SAE-ARP-5414 Aircraft Lightning Zoning 2.4 Order of Precedence This Standard establishes requirements for basic electrical bonding for NASA launch vehicles, spacecraft, payloads, and equipment but does not supersede nor waive established A
41、gency requirements found in other documentation. 2.4.1 Conflicts between this Standard and other requirements documents shall be resolved by the responsible Technical Authority. 3. ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS 3.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations H microhenries ac alternating currentAWG American Wire Gauge CF
42、RP carbon fiber reinforced plastic CLASS C class of bond for intentional current return CLASS H class of bond for fault current return CLASS L class of bond for lightning current CLASS R class of bond for radio frequency current CLASS S class of bond for dissipation of electrostatic charge cm centim
43、eter dB decibelsdc direct current EED electro-explosive device Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NASA-STD-4003A APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEDISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED12 of 35 EMF electromotive force EMI electromagnetic interference ESD el
44、ectrostatic discharge ETR Eastern Test Range EUT equipment under test GFRP glass or graphite fiber reinforced plastic MHz megahertz MIE minimum ignition energy NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration RF radio frequency SAE Society of Automotive Engineers STD standard (as in document) 3.2
45、Definitions Electrical Bonding: The process of providing good electrical connection across faying surface mechanical interfaces to minimize electrical potential differences between equipment and individual parts of structure. Good electrical bonding provides the following: Fault current paths for pr
46、otection against fire and personnel shock. A low impedance bond path for antenna installations to ensure no degradation of acceptable performance and to protect the antenna element from damage caused by P-static, radio frequency (RF) currents, or lightning events. A current path for RFs for proper o
47、peration of filters and shields. Protection against the effects of lightning. A means to prevent or safely discharge static charges. Electrical bonds are classified according to the purpose for the bond. Table 1, Summary of Electrical Bonding Classes, gives a summary of the classes of bonds. Faying
48、Surface: The surface of metal materials in contact with each other and joined together. Flight Vehicle: The launch vehicle and spacecraft or payload (if the payload outer surfaces are exposed to the triboelectrification process), and fairings or shrouds protecting payloads. P-static: The precipitation static due to impact of charged particles on antennas. Q: The ratio of reactance to resistance in a tuned circuit. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without li
