1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AIR6133 AEROSPACE INFORMATION REPORT AIR6133 Issued 2013-09 Superseding ARP836B D
5、esign and Safety Criteria for Passenger Boarding Stairways RATIONALE This document supesedes the pre-existing SAE document on passenger boarding stairways (ARP836B). The ARP document had valuable information but it did not provide any guidance as to design consideratons. It simply presented informat
6、ion. As such this document would be better identified as an AIR. AIR6133 preserves the valuable information in the pre-existing document and updates the information based on the technology available. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT . 3 2. REFERENCES 3 2.1 Applicable Documents
7、 3 2.1.1 SAE Publications . 3 2.1.2 ASTM Publications 3 2.1.3 ISO Publications 3 2.1.4 IATA Publications 4 2.1.5 CEN Publications 4 2.2 Glossary of Terms . 4 3. DESCRIPTION OF BASIC TYPES OF STAIRWAYS 4 3.1 Adjustable Fixed-Riser Stair . 4 3.2 Variable-Riser Stair . 5 4. BASIC STAIR DESIGN DIMENSION
8、S . 5 4.1 Minima and Maxima 5 4.2 Basic Stair Proportioning 5 4.3 Elevation Limits . 6 5. RECOMMENDED DIMENSIONS FOR DESIGN 6 6. DESIGN SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS 8 6.1 Loading and Safety Factors 8 6.2 Other Safety Considerations . 9 6.2.1 Tread Material . 9 6.2.2 Elevation Safety 9 6.2.3 Safety Placards
9、 . 9 SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR6133 Page 2 of 10 6.2.4 Lighting 9 6.2.5 Handrails . 9 6.3 Acceptance Inspection 10 7. RECOMMENDED USAGE OF THIS ARP 10 8. NOTES 10 SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR6133 Page 3 of 10 1. SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is broken into variou
10、s categories for convenience and ease of identification. It is the purpose of this document to provide certain criteria for the design and selection of stairways, for the boarding of passengers onto an aircraft. The criteria presented are limited to those factors which affect the safety of the passe
11、ngers and are coordinated, where applicable, with the practices of the architectural profession, with respect to the design of stairways. Comprehensive design requirements for passenger stairs can be found in the industry documents listed under 2.1.3, 2.1.4, and 2.1.5 hereafter. The recommended prac
12、tices are applicable to both mobile variable-elevation type stairways and to fixed-elevation stairways of the type built into an aircraft fuselage. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE p
13、ublications shall apply. The applicable issue of the other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, howeve
14、r, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. ARP1247 Aircr
15、aft Ground Support Equipment - General Requirements ARP1328 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment - Wind Stability Determination AIR1558 Interface Protective Devices Ground Equipment to Aircraft AS4828 Technical Manual Requirements for Ground Support Equipment 2.1.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM
16、 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM D2047-75 Standard Test Methof for Static Coefficient of Friction of Polish-Coated Flooring Surfaces 2.1.3 ISO Publications Available from American National Standards Institut
17、e, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO 12056 Aircraft - Self-propelled passenger stairs for large capacity aircraft - Functional requirements SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR6133 Page 4 of 10 2.1.4 IATA Publications Available from International Air Transport Assoc
18、iation, Publications Assistant, 800 Place Victoria, P.O. Box 113, Montreal, Quebec H4Z 1M1, Canada, Tel: 1-514-874-0202, www.iata.org. AHM 920 Functional Specifications for Telescopic Passenger Stairs, AHM 920A - Functional Specifications for Towed Passenger Stairs 2.1.5 CEN Publications Available a
19、t http:/www.cen.eu. EN 12312-1 Specific requirements - Aircraft ground support equipment. Passenger stairs 2.2 Glossary of Terms TREAD DEPTH - T1: Theoretical horizontal dimension from one stair nosing to the adjacent stair nosing. EFFECTIVE TREAD DEPTH - T2: Effective horizontal dimension from one
20、stair nosing to the adjacent stair riser, T2 T1. RISER HEIGHT - R: The vertical distance between the surface of the tread of one step and the surface of the tread of a step above or below when measured perpendicularly between the tread surfaces. RISER TO TREAD RATIO - R/T1: An arithmetical ratio of
21、the height of one of the risers to the depth of the tread, which ratio is equal to the tangent of the angle of inclination of the stairway. ANGLE OF INCLINATION - A: The angle formed by a line joining the stair nosings of one flight of stairs and the horizontal. A = tan-1R/T1. STEP WIDTH - W: The wi
22、dth of the step surface as measured along the nosing of the step. HANDRAIL HEIGHT - H: The distance to the center of the handrail as measured at the nose of the step and perpendicular to the tread surface. FIXED RISER STAIRWAY: A stairway wherein the riser to tread ratio (R/T1) is a constant which w
23、ill result in a fixed angle of inclination. VARIABLE RISER STAIRWAY: A stairway designed to allow variation of the riser to tread ratio and, therefore, variation of the angle of inclination to suit varying elevations. STAIR LENGTH: The distance measured horizontally and parallel to the tread surface
24、s between the nosing of the lowermost tread to the nosing of the uppermost tread. This is a geometric dimension only and does not include allowance for approach at the lower and intermediate platforms in excess of the normal tread length, or lengths of the upper platforms. 3. DESCRIPTION OF BASIC TY
25、PES OF STAIRWAYS In general, two types of stairways are employed for the boarding of crew and passengers aboard transport-type aircraft, one employing a fixed-riser-to-tread ratio, the other employing a variable-riser-to-tread ratio. The built-in stairway incorporated into the fuselage of many aircr
26、aft is generally of the fixed-riser-to-tread type. Passenger boarding stairs should be be made from a non-transparent or see through material whereas this is unimportant for crew stairs. 3.1 Adjustable Fixed-Riser Stair The adjustable fixed-riser type stairway usually consists of a stationary lower
27、section of fixed stairs and an extendible upper section of stairs. The extendible upper section is arranged to slide or roll behind and parallel with the lower fixed section. The lower stair section is topped with an intermediate platform which provides a point at which the lower and upper sections
28、intersect when any tread of the upper section is at the same elevation as the intermediate platform. SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR6133 Page 5 of 10 The prime advantage of the fixed-riser type stair is the fact that it can conform to recommended design criteria at any of its elevations of adjustment. But thi
29、s prime advantage creates its major disadvantage, in that elevation adjustment to accommodate varying aircraft floor elevations is limited to increments of the stairs riser. Certain stairways of this type have provisions for minor adjustment of the frame of the stair to attempt to reduce the increme
30、nt. This provision is limited in its effectiveness by the angle to which the stair treads can be taken out of true horizontal before becoming a safety hazard. Secondly, while debatable as to whether it constitutes a disadvantage, the adjustable fixed-riser stair requires an intermediate platform whe
31、re the fixed position lower section and the adjustable upper section intersect. 3.2 Variable-Riser Stair Variable-riser stairs are usually constructed employing a parallelogram principle wherein the stair treads and the upper platform remain parallel at any angle of adjustment. The resulting stair i
32、s one of different riser and effective tread for every angle of adjustment. The prime advantage of the variable-riser stair is that it provides a continuous range of elevation adjustments to satisfy varying aircraft floor elevations within its adjustable limits. Again, this stairs prime advantage cr
33、eates its major disadvantage in that the range of elevation adjustments wherein the stair will remain within the recommended limits of Table 1 is relatively narrow. Also, the variable-riser stair is a continuous staircase without the need for an intermediate platform. 4. BASIC STAIR DESIGN DIMENSION
34、S 4.1 Minima and Maxima Table 1 lists the limits of basic stair proportions generally accepted by the architectural profession for stair design. TABLE 1 - STEP DESIGN Attribute Min Max Preferred Angle of Inclination A () 20 40 30-35 Tread Depth T1(cm, inch) 28 11 38 15 See 5.2 Riser Height R (cm, in
35、ch) 14 5.5 20 8 See 5.2 Platform and Tread Slope (%) 0 5.2 0-3.5 4.2 Basic Stair Proportioning A properly designed stairway requires the proportioning of certain basic dimensions, i.e., for every selected tread depth (T1) between the maximum and the minimum, there is a best riser height (R) for best
36、 proportion. The proper proportion for any selected riser can be determined from the formula: 1R/T Tan(R 3)(8)=-(Eq. 1) A tabulation of risers and treads within the limits of Table 1 is given on Table 2. TABLE 2 - STEP PROPORTIONING Riser R (cm, inch) Tread T1(cm, inch) Angle A (degrees) Tan A (or T
37、an R/T1) 14 5.5 38.5 15.1 20 0.364 14.5 5.75 36 14.2 22 0.405 15 6.0 34 13.5 24 0.444 16 6.25 32.5 12.8 26 0.488 16.5 6.5 31 12.2 28 0.533 17 6.75 30 11.7 30 0.577 18 7.0 28.5 11.2 32 0.625 18.5 7.25 27 10.7 34 0.678 19 7.5 26 10.3 36 0.728 19.5 7.75 25 9.9 38 0.783 20.3 8.0 24 9.5 40 0.842 SAE INTE
38、RNATIONAL AIR6133 Page 6 of 10 4.3 Elevation Limits Figure 1 may be employed to determine quickly the characteristics of an acceptable stair. As an example: assume a stair of proper proportion is desired for an elevation of 3.35 m (11.0 feet). Enter graph at Elevation 3.35 m (11 feet), and follow th
39、at line to its intersection with horizontal lines of “NO. OF RISERS“. Note that the 3.35 m (11 feet) elevation line intersects the “No. of Risers“ from a maximum of 24 to a minimum of 17. These define stairs within the limits of Table 1, with a maximum of 24 risers of 14 cm (5.5 inches) to a minimum
40、 of 17 risers of 20 cm (7-3/4 inches) respectively. Projecting horizontally from the point of intersection of the 3.35 m (11 feet) elevation curve with the selected number of risers indicates the number of treads in the stair, i.e., 23 treads for 24 risers, and 16 treads for 17 risers, for limits ci
41、ted. Table 2 lists preferred tread depth (T1) for any riser height (R). The preferred tread depth for a 14 cm (5.5 inches) riser is 38 cm (15.1 inches). Preferred tread for 19.5 cm (7.75 inches) riser is 25 cm (9.9 inches). Figure 1 indicates these preferred relationships directly by reference to th
42、e tie lines. Using these preferred tread depths for the corresponding risers, stair lengths for these limits is readily determined. The tread depth for the properly proportioned stair of 24 risers of 14 cm (5.5 inches) height is 38 cm (15 inches). Enter Figure 1 on the “TREAD DEPTH (T1)“ scale at 38
43、 cm (15 inches), and project vertically to the intersection with the diagonal line extending from the point of 23 on the “NO. OF TREADS“ vertical line. Project horizontally and read the stair length on the “LENGTH OF STAIR“ scale at 8.84 m (29 feet). Similarly, a 25.5 cm (10 inches) tread depth (T1)
44、 for 16 treads at a riser height of 20 cm (7-3/4 inches) results in a stair length of about 4 m (13.3 feet). It is evident that the limiting factor on design of the ideal stair is available space. Stairways conforming to recommended practice will have characteristics within limits iterated in Table
45、1. Use of the graph of Figure 1 assists in establishing optimum configuration, recognizing that the range of inclination angle (A) between 30 and 35 degrees is preferred. For this study, interpolation may be employed. Realize that scale of the graph is too small for exact results, for which the use
46、of Equation 1 is employed. 5. RECOMMENDED DIMENSIONS FOR DESIGN Tables 3 and 4 are tabulations of basic design data recommended to be followed in the design of new passenger boarding stairways or the selection of those already available for purchase. Proportions and dimensions recommended for those
47、parameters not covered in Section 4, do not require analysis, but result from experience in the industry. TABLE 3 - FIXED RISER TYPE Attribute Mobile Max Mobile Min Built-In Max Built-In Min STEP: Riser R (cm, inch) 20 7.75 18 7.0 20 7.75 18 7.0 Tread T1(cm, inch) 28.5 11.2 25 9.9 28.5 11.2 25 9.9 S
48、TAIR: Angle A (degrees) 38 32 38 32 Width W (cm, inch) Note 1 107 42 Note 1 61 24 Handrail Ht H (cm, inch) 86 34 76 30 81 32 76 30 Inside Handrails W + 10 W + 4 W W + 10 W + 4 W MID-PLATFORM: Width W (cm, inch) Note 1 W Inapplicable Inapplicable Length Note 1 3T1 Inapplicable Inapplicable Handrail H
49、t H (cm, inch) 106.5 42 91 36 Inapplicable Inapplicable Inside Handrails W + 10 W + 4 W Inapplicable Inapplicable PLATFORM: Width W (cm, inch) Note 1 W + 15 W + 6 Note 1 W Length L (cm, inch) Note 1 122 48 Note 1 3T1Handrail Ht H (cm, inch) 106.5 42 91 36 96.5 38 86 34 Inside Handrails W + 10 W + 4 W W + 10 W
