1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2010 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma
3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS1428GAEROSPACEMATERIALSPECIFICATIONAMS1428 REV. G Issued 1997-08 Revised 2010-12 Superseding AM
5、S1428F Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic), SAE Types II, III, and IV RATIONALEThis specification has been revised to incorporate the following: A reference to ARP5718, Qualification Process for SAE AMS1428 Type II, III, and IV Fluids (1.5); changes to the inspection of
6、 the plates in the Dry-Out by Exposure to Cold Dry Air (3.2.2.3) and the Thin Film Thermal Stability (3.2.2.5) tests; changes to the Hard Water Stability (3.2.2.8) test to make it more consistent with the Thermal Stability (3.2.2.1) test; changes to the Lot Acceptance Tests (4.2.1) to allow viscosit
7、y to be tested at 0 C or 20 C; and changes to The Successive Dry-Out And Rehydration Test (Appendix A). TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 3 1.1 Form 3 1.2 Application . 3 1.3 Precautions . 4 1.4 Safety - Hazardous Materials 4 1.5 Fluid Qualification 4 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 4 2.1 SAE Publications . 5 2.2
8、ASTM Publications 6 2.3 U.S. Government Publications 7 2.4 APHA Publications 7 2.5 OECD Publications . 7 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 7 3.1 Material . 7 3.2 Physical Properties . 8 3.3 Fluid Tested Both Neat and as a Diluted Solution 14 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS 16 4.1 Responsibility for Inspecti
9、on . 16 4.2 Classification of Tests . 16 4.3 Sampling and Testing . 17 4.4 Approval 17 4.5 Reports 18 4.6 Re-sampling and Retesting . 18 5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY . 18 5.1 Packaging and Identification . 18 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduct
10、ion or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AMS1428G Page 2 of 266. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 19 7. REJECTIONS . 19 8. SIMILAR SPECIFICATIONS . 19 9. NOTES 19 APPENDIX A SUCCESSIVE DRY OUT AND REHYDRATION TEST FOR DEICING/ANTI-ICING FLUID 20TABLE 1 CLASSIFICATION . 3TABLE 2 FLUID CYCLING PERIO
11、D 12TABLE 3 MINIMUM ANTI-ICING PERFORMANCE 13TABLE 4 TOTAL IMMERSION CORROSION . 15Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AMS1428G Page 3 of 261. SCOPE 1.1 Form This specification covers
12、 three types of deicing/anti-icing material, each in the form of a non-Newtonian fluid. 1.1.1 Classification Deicing/anti-icing fluids covered by this specification are classified as follows: TABLE 1 - CLASSIFICATION FluidSAETypeAnti-Icing Performance Use Table 3(3.2.4.1)Aerodynamic Performance Use
13、SAE AS5900 (See Note) ColorApplicable if Requested Type II II High Speed Ramp Test Water white/pale straw Type III III Low Speed Ramp Test Bright Yellow Type IV IV High Speed Ramp Test Green NOTE: As per 3.2.5.2, any fluid can be tested in accordance with the AS5900 high speed ramp test and/or low s
14、peed ramp test to demonstrate acceptable aerodynamic performance. The designations in Table 1 are for fluid classification purposes only. Consult the fluid manufacturer for complete aerodynamic test data. 1.1.2 Non-Newtonian A fluid defined as non-Newtonian exhibits a different apparent viscosity va
15、lue when tested at the same temperature, using the same viscometer and spindle in a predetermined volume when the only variant is the rotational speed of the spindle. Typically, the non-Newtonian fluid shear stress is not in direct proportion to its rate of flow. 1.1.3 Pseudoplastic A fluid describe
16、d as pseudoplastic shall exhibit reduced apparent viscosity values as the spindle speed is increased, and revert to original flow behavior when the shear stress is removed. This shall be demonstrable at the temperatures listed in 3.2.3.2.1.2 Application This fluid may be used as follows: a. Unheated
17、 and undiluted, or diluted for anti-icing b. Heated and undiluted for deicing/anti-icing as a one step process c. Diluted with water and heated for deicing/anti-icing, as a one step process d. Diluted with water and heated as the deicing stage in a two-step process, usually when used with the unheat
18、ed and undiluted fluid as step two CAUTION: SAE Type II, III and IV fluid, especially when used in a one step process or in the first step of a two step process, may cause residues to collect in aerodynamically quiet areas, cavities and gaps. These residues can affect flight safety. Refer to ARP4737
19、. 1.2.1 Consult aircraft manufacturers Aircraft Operations Manual, Aircraft Maintenance Manual and service letters to determine any restrictions relating to the use of deicing/anti-icing fluids meeting this specification for the type and model of aircraft being treated. Refer also to ARP4737. Copyri
20、ght SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AMS1428G Page 4 of 261.3 Precautions 1.3.1 The lowest operational use temperature (LOUT) for a SAE Type II, III, and IV fluid shall be determined for the
21、 neat (undiluted) fluid or for each intended use dilution and is the lowest temperature at which the fluid has been tested and certified as acceptable in accordance with the appropriate aerodynamic acceptance test (3.2.5) while still maintaining the 7 C (13 F) freezing point temperature buffer (See
22、ARP4737). The fluid manufacturers literature shall clearly state the LOUT for the neat fluid and intended use dilutions. 1.3.2 The deicing/anti-icing formulation may be mildly toxic and contact with human skin and eyes should be avoided. Prolonged exposure to concentrations of vapor or windborne mis
23、ts should be avoided. Consult the fluid manufacturers Material Safety Data Sheet for further information. 1.3.3 Caution should be exercised in the use of glycol-water deicing/anti-icing solutions in and around electrical/electronic circuitry with noble metal coated wiring or terminals which could ma
24、ke contact with the fluid. Exothermic reactions, which may result in fire have been reported. This may occur where defectively insulated wires, switches, or circuit breakers carrying direct current are encountered. Fluids based on glycol shall contain an inhibitor to minimize this potential fire haz
25、ard. 1.3.4 A fluid meeting this specification is unique to each manufacturer and may be adversely affected by mixing with other aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids. 1.3.5 Slippery conditions may exist on the ground, or equipment following the deicing/anti-icing procedure. 1.3.6 Deicing/anti-icing flu
26、ids should be compatible with carbon brake material. Refer to ARP4737 and the airplane manufacturers maintenance and service documents for further information on fluid use. An industry standard test method for compatibility is under development. 1.4 Safety - Hazardous Materials While the materials,
27、methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper u
28、se of any hazardous materials and processes and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. 1.5 Fluid Qualification It is not sufficient for a SAE type II, III, or IV fluid to meet all of the requirements of AMS1428 for airlines to be able to u
29、seit. For such a fluid to be used commercially, it must also have holdover time guidelines and be identified on a list of qualified fluids acceptable to regulators. For information on the qualification process of an AMS1428 fluid, refer to ARP5718.2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following d
30、ocuments in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding docum
31、ent has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AMS1428G Page 5 of 262.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE Interna
32、tional, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.AMS2470 Anodic Treatment of Aluminum Alloys, Chromic Acid Process AMS2475 Protective Treatments, Magnesium Alloys AMS2825 Material Safety Data Sheets AMS403
33、7 Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024; -T3 Flat Sheet, -T351 Plate), Solution Heat Treated AMS4041 Aluminum Alloy, Alclad Sheet and Plate, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn, Alclad 2024 and 1-1/2% Alclad 2024,-T3 Flat Sheet; 1-1/2% Alclad 2024-T351 Plate AMS4049 Aluminum Alloy, Sheet
34、and Plate, Alclad, 5.6Zn - 2.5Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.23Cr (Alclad 7075; -T6 Sheet - T651 Plate), Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated AMS4376 Plate, Magnesium Alloy, 3.0Al - 1.0Zn - 0.20Mn (AZ31B-H26), Cold Rolled and Partially Annealed AMS4911 Titanium Alloy, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 6Al - 4V, Annealed
35、AMS4916 Titanium Alloy Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 8Al - 1Mo - 1V, Duplex Annealed AMS5045 Steel, Sheet and Strip, 0.25 Carbon, Maximum, Hard Temper AMS5886 Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, and Rings, 50Ni - 20Cr - 20Co - 5.8Mo - 2.2Ti - 0.45Al, Consumable Electrode or Vacuum Induct
36、ion Melted, 2100 F (1149 C) Solution Heat Treated AMS-P-83310 Plastic Sheet, Polycarbonate, Transparent AIR9968 Viscosity Test of Thickened Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids ARP1917 Clarification of Terms Used in Aerospace Metals Specifications ARP4737 Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Methods ARP5485 En
37、durance Time Tests for Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids SAE Types II, III, and IV ARP5718 Qualification Process for SAE AMS1428 Type II, III, and IV Fluids AS5900 Standard Test Method for Aerodynamic Acceptance for SAE AMS 1424 and SAE AMS 1428 Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids AS5901 Water Spray
38、 and High Humidity Endurance Test Methods for SAE AMS1424 and SAE AMS1428 Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AMS1428G Page 6 of 262.2 ASTM Publicat
39、ions Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.ASTM C 672 Scaling Resistance of Concrete Surfaces Exposed to De-icing Chemicals ASTM D 93 Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester ASTM D 891 Specif
40、ic Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals ASTM D 1177 Freezing Point of Aqueous Engine Coolants ASTM D 1193 Reagent Water ASTM D 1331 Surface and Interfacial Tension of Solutions of Surface-Active Agents ASTM D 1568 Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Alkylbenzene Sulfonates ASTM D 1747 Ref
41、ractive Index of Viscous Materials ASTM D 2196 Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield Type) Viscometer ASTM D 3278 Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed Cup Apparatus ASTM D 4052 Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter ASTM D 4177
42、Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products ASTM E 70 pH of Aqueous Solutions with the Glass Electrode ASTM F 483 Total Immersion Corrosion Test for Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals ASTM F 484 Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics in Contact with Liquid or Semi-Liquid Compounds ASTM F 485 Effe
43、cts of Cleaners on Unpainted Aircraft Surfaces ASTM F 502 Effects of Cleaning and Chemical Maintenance Materials on Painted Aircraft Surfaces ASTM F 519 Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating Processes and Service Environments ASTM F 945 Stress Corrosion of Titanium Alloys by Aircra
44、ft Engine Cleaning Materials ASTM F 1105 Preparing Aircraft Cleaning Compounds, Liquid Type, Temperature-Sensitive, or Solvent-Based, for Storage Stability Testing ASTM F 1110 Sandwich Corrosion Test ASTM F 1111 Corrosion of Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate by Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals Copyright S
45、AE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AMS1428G Page 7 of 262.3 U.S. Government Publications Available from the Document Automation and Production Service (DAPS), Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue,
46、Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-6257, http:/assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/.MIL-PRF-25690 Plastic, Sheets and Formed Parts, Modified Acrylic Base, Monolithic, Crack Propagation Resistant MIL-STD-870 Cadmium Plating, Low Embrittlement, Electrodeposited 2.4 APHA Publications Available from
47、American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005 or www.apha.org.Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water 2.5 OECD Publications Available from OECD: 2, rue Andr Pascal, Cedex 16, 75016 Paris, FRANCE or www.oecd.org.OECD Guidelines for Testing C
48、hemicals 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Material The composition of the fluid shall be optional to the manufacturer and shall be based on freezing point depressants with additives, such that the finished product shall meet the requirements of this specification. 3.1.1 Non-Glycol Based Fluid A fluid based on non-glycol freezing point depressants shall be tested as follows: Two pieces of AMS5886 bar, 35 mm diameter and 15 mm long shall have one end of each machined flat. An 8.5 mm drill shall then be used to drill a centered hole 6.5 mm deep in one end to a
