1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2015 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2403N AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS2403 REV. N Issued 1948-11 Reaffirme
5、d 2009-06 Revised 2015-12 Superseding AMS2403M Plating, Nickel General Purpose RATIONALE AMS2403N updates the adhesion requirement in paragraph 3.4.2.1 with the standard wording used in AMS2424. NOTICE ORDERING INFORMATION: The following information shall be provided to the plating processor by the
6、purchaser. 1. Purchase order shall specify not less than the following: AMS2403N Plating thickness desired. See 3.4.1. Basis metal to be plated Tensile strength or hardness of the basis metal Preplate stress relief to be performed by plating processor (time and temperature) if different from 3.1.1 S
7、pecial features, geometry or processing present on parts that requires special attention by the plating processor Hydrogen embrittlement relief to be performed by plating processor (parameters or reference document) if different from 3.3.1 Minimum thickness on internal surfaces, if required. See 3.4
8、.1.2. Quantity of pieces to be plated 2. Parts manufacturing operations such as heat treating, forming, joining and media finishing can affect the condition of the substrate for plating, or if performed after plating, could adversely affect the plated part. The sequencing of these types of operation
9、s should be specified by the cognizant engineering organization or purchaser and is not controlled by this specification. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2403N Page 2 of 7 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose This specification covers the engineering requirements for electrodeposition of nickel and the properties of the depos
10、it. 1.2 Application This process has been used typically to provide moderate corrosion and oxidation resistance to metal parts but without control of other characteristics, and for the buildup of surfaces, but usage is not limited to such applications. If a hard plate is required, AMS2423 should be
11、used; if a low-stressed plate is required, AMS2424 should be used. 1.3 Safety - Hazardous Materials While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards whic
12、h may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issues of the fol
13、lowing documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been canceled and no supersedin
14、g document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2423 Plating, Ni
15、ckel, Hard Deposit AMS2424 Plating, Nickel, Low Stressed Deposit AMS2750 Pyrometry AMS2759/9 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief (Baking) of Steel Parts 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.a
16、stm.org. ASTM B117 Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Testing Apparatus ASTM B487 Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thicknesses by Microscopical Examination of a Cross Section ASTM B499 Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings of Magnetic Basis Metals ASTM B504 Me
17、asurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method ASTM B568 Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry ASTM B571 Qualitative Adhesion of Metallic Coatings ASTM E376 Measuring of Coating Thickness by Magnetic Field or Eddy Current (Electromagnetic) Test Methods ASTM F5
18、19 Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service Environments SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2403N Page 3 of 7 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Preparation 3.1.1 Stress Relief Treatment 3.1.1.1 All steel parts having a hardness of 40 HRC and above and that are machined, gr
19、ound, cold formed or cold straightened after heat treatment shall be cleaned to remove surface contamination and thermally stress relieved before plating. (Residual tensile stresses have been found to be damaging during electroplating.) Furnaces used for stress relief shall be controlled per AMS2750
20、; the minimum requirements shall be Class 5, with Type D Instrumentation. Temperatures to which parts are heated shall be such that stress relief is obtained while still maintaining hardness of parts within drawing limits. Unless otherwise specified, the following treatment temperatures and times sh
21、all be used: 3.1.1.1.1 For parts, excluding nitrided parts, having a hardness of 55 HRC and above, and for carburized and induction hardened parts, stress relieve at 275 F 25 F (135 C 14 C) for 5 to 10 hours. 3.1.1.1.2 For parts having a hardness less than 55 HRC, and for nitrided parts, stress reli
22、eve at 375 F 25 F (191 C 14 C) for a minimum of 4 hours. Higher temperatures shall be used only when specified or approved by the cognizant engineering organization. 3.1.1.1.3 For peened parts: If stress relief temperatures above 375 F (191 C) are elected, the stress relieve shall be performed prior
23、 to peening or the cognizant engineering organization shall be consulted and shall approve the stress relief temperature. 3.1.2 Parts shall have clean surfaces, free of water break, prior to immersion in the plating solution. 3.1.3 Except for barrel plating, electrical contact points shall be as fol
24、lows. For parts which are to be plated all over, locations shall be acceptable to purchaser, for parts which are not to be plated all over, locations shall be in areas on which plating is not required. 3.2 Procedure 3.2.1 Nickel shall be electrodeposited from a suitable plating solution. Additives a
25、re permitted only if they do not have a detrimental effect on the properties of the plate or the basis metal; stress-reducing agents shall not be used unless specifically authorized by purchaser. Except as specified in 3.2.1.1, nickel shall be deposited directly on the basis metal without a prior fl
26、ash coating of metal other than nickel. 3.2.1.1 A preliminary chemical coating, immersion plate, and/or flash is permissible on aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, and their alloys. 3.3 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief After plating, rinsing, and drying, -steel parts shall be treated in accordance with AMS
27、2759/9. Parts, if plated as an aid to brazing, and if brazed within four hours after completion of plating, do not require hydrogen embrittlement relief. 3.4 Properties 3.4.1 Thickness Thickness shall be determined in accordance with ASTM B487, ASTM B499, ASTM B504, ASTM B568, ASTM E376 or other met
28、hod acceptable to purchaser. 3.4.1.1 Where “nickel flash“ is specified, plate thickness shall be approximately 0.0001 inch (2.5 m). 3.4.1.2 For surfaces that will not be machined after plating, the plate shall be substantially uniform in thickness on significant surfaces except that slight buildup o
29、n exterior corners or edges will be permitted provided finished drawing dimensions are met. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2403N Page 4 of 7 3.4.1.3 Unless otherwise specified on the drawing for specific areas, thickness shall apply to surfaces of parts that can be touched by a 0.75 inch (19.0 mm) sphere. Sur
30、faces that cannot be touched by a 0.75 inch (19.0 mm) sphere, such as holes, recesses, internal threads, and other areas where a controlled deposit cannot be obtained under normal plating conditions shall not be masked during plating. This requirement will be satisfied for carbon and low-alloy steel
31、s if such surfaces show no film of copper after being immersed in a solution containing 4 grams copper sulphate CuS045H20, 10 grams sulfuric acid H2SO4 (sp. gr. 1.84), and 90 mL distilled water for not less than six minutes at room temperature. If internal surfaces are required to be plated to meet
32、a thickness requirement, the drawing shall so specify. 3.4.2 Adhesion 3.4.2.1 Specimens Adhesion shall meet the requirements of ASTM B571 Bend Test method with the specimens, as in 4.3.3, bent repeatedly back and forth through an angle of 180 degrees until failure of the basis metal occurs. Examine
33、the region at low magnification for separation, for example, 10X, for separation or peeling of the coating. Formation of cracks that do not result in flaking or blistering of the plate is acceptable. 3.4.2.2 Machined Plating Adhesion of plating after finish machining of the plating will be considere
34、d acceptable evidence of plating adhesion. 3.4.2.3 Parts When specified by purchaser, there shall be no blisters or other evidence of poor adhesion when parts are subjected to the heat-quench test of ASTM B571. 3.4.3 Heat Resistance Specimens as in 4.3.3, except aluminum and magnesium, shall show no
35、 cracks or blisters in the plate after being heated to 1000 F 25 F (538 C 14 C), held at heat for not less than two hours, and cooled; heating shall be in a circulating-air furnace. 3.4.4 Corrosion Resistance Carbon and low-alloy steel parts (except as provided in 3.4.1.3) when required by purchaser
36、, or test specimens, excluding those parts plated to aid in brazing or where plating is used for dimensional restoration, shall show no visual evidence of corrosion after being subjected for not less than 48 hours to a continuous salt spray corrosion test conducted in accordance with ASTM B117 when
37、plate is in the following conditions: 3.4.4.1 When specified minimum plate thickness is 0.002 inch (51 m) or greater, parts or panels shall withstand the test either after embrittlement relief as in 3.3 or after the heat resistance test of 3.4.3 following embrittlement relief as in 3.3. 3.4.4.2 When
38、 specified minimum plate thickness is 0.0005 inch (12.7 m) or greater but less than 0.002 inch (51 m), parts or panels shall withstand the test only after the heat resistance test of 3.4.3 following embrittlement relief as in 3.3. 3.4.5 Hydrogen Embrittlement The plating process shall not cause hydr
39、ogen embrittlement in ferrous metals. Testing in accordance with the requirements of ASTM F519 Type 1A using notched round specimens, unless a different specimen type is specified by the purchaser, stressed in tension under t sustained load, is required only when parts 40 HRC or higher are plated. F
40、or test purposes, plating thickness shall be not less than 0.002 inch (51 m), measured on the smooth section of the specimen, but with visual plating at the root of the notch. Testing beyond the 200 hour test period is not required. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2403N Page 5 of 7 3.5 Quality Plating, as rece
41、ived by purchaser, shall be smooth, continuous, adherent to the basis metal, and uniform in appearance and shall be visually free from frosty areas, pin holes, porosity, blisters, nodules, pits, and other imperfections detrimental to usage of the plating. Slight staining or discoloration is permissi
42、ble. There shall be no evidence of double plating or spotting-in after plating. 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS 4.1 Responsibility for Inspection The processor shall supply all samples for processors tests and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. Where actual parts are to
43、be tested, such parts shall be supplied by purchaser. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that processing conforms to the requirements of this specification. 4.2 Classification of Tests 4.2.1 Acceptance Tests Thickness (3.4.1), an
44、d quality (3.5) are acceptance tests and shall be performed to represent each lot. 4.2.1.1 If the nickel plate is used for braze preparation, acceptance test requirements for thickness and adhesion may be modified with the approval of the purchaser. 4.2.2 Periodic Tests Heat resistance (3.4.3), corr
45、osion resistance (3.4.4), and embrittlement (3.4.5) are periodic tests and shall be performed at least monthly unless frequency of testing is specified by the cognizant engineering organization. Adhesion (3.4.2) is a periodic test that shall be performed no less than daily for each generic class of
46、alloy as defined by AS2390 processed during that day. Tests of cleaning and plating solutions (see 8.5) to ensure that the deposited metal will conform to this specification. 4.2.3 Preproduction Tests All technical requirements are preproduction tests and shall be performed prior to or on the initia
47、l shipment of plated parts to a purchaser, when a change in material and/or processing requires reapproval by the cognizant engineering organization (see 4.4.2), and when purchaser deems confirmatory testing to be required. 4.3 Sampling and Testing Shall be not less than the following; a lot shall b
48、e all parts of the same part number, plated to the same range of plate thickness in the same set of solutions, in each consecutive 24 hour period of operation, and presented for processors inspection at one time: 4.3.1 For Acceptance Tests Test samples shall be selected randomly from all parts in th
49、e lot. The minimum number of samples shall be as shown in Table 1. Table 1 - Sampling for acceptance tests Number of Parts in Lot Quality Thickness Up to 7 8 to 15 16 to 40 41 to 110 111 to 300 301 to 500 Over 500 All 7 10 15 25 35 50 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2403N Page 6 of 7 4.3.2 Periodic Tests Sample quantity and frequency of testing shall be at the discretion of the pr
