1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2011 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2431/5B AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS2431/5 REV. B Issued 1988-04 Revis
5、ed 2011-11Superseding AMS2431/5A Peening Media Hardened Steel Peening Balls RATIONALE AMS2431/5B results from a Five Year Review and update of this specification. 1. SCOPE 1.1 The complete requirements for procuring the product shall consist of this document and the latest issue of the basic specifi
6、cation, AMS2431. 1.2 Application Peening balls conforming to this specification are typically intended for use in peening metal surfaces to impart compressive stresses to these surfaces thereby increasing resistance to fatigue and stress-corrosion cracking. Generally, peening balls, because they are
7、 available in much larger sizes than cast steel or cut wire shot, are used where very high intensities are required to produce a very deep compressive layer. Peening balls are also frequently used in the peen forming process. 1.3 Classification Peening media covered by this specification is classifi
8、ed as follows: Type 1 - Case hardened balls for saturation peening and peen forming Type 2 - Through hardened balls for peen forming only 1.3.1 Type 1 peening media shall be used unless otherwise specified. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS See AMS2431. The issue of the following document in effect on the dat
9、e of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the l
10、ast published issue of that document shall apply. SAE AMS2431/5B Page 2 of 4 2.1 International Organization for Standardization Publications Available from http:/www.iso.org/iso/store.htm. DIN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels - Part 17: Ball and roller bearing ste
11、els 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Type 1 peening media - case hardened peening balls 3.1.1 Peening balls shall conform to AMS2431 and the requirements specified herein. 3.1.2 Composition shall conform to AISI 1022 or similar steels of lower carbon content. 3.1.2.1 Surface shall be carburized and sur
12、face hardness shall be 636 to 739 HV (57 to 62 HRC) or equivalent. 3.1.2.2 Case depth shall be in accordance with Table 1. 3.1.3 Balls shall be clean and free of dirt, grit, oil, or grease. 3.1.4 Microstructure - Case shall be normal carburized microstructure, free from grain boundary ferrite and ce
13、mentite 3.2 Type 2 peening media - through hardened peening balls 3.2.1 Peening balls shall conform to AMS2431 and the requirements specified herein. 3.2.2 Composition shall conform to DIN_EN_ISO_683_17 group (a), through hardened bearing steels 3.2.3 Hardness shall be 636 to 739 HV (57 to 62 HRC) o
14、r equivalent. Hardness values exceeding 63 HRC are permitted if acceptable to the customer and specified at time of order. 3.2.4 Balls shall be clean and free of dirt, grit, oil, or grease. 3.3 Workmanship 3.3.1 Shape Peening balls shall be essentially spherical with no sharp edges or malformed prod
15、uct. Small surface flats, cuts and pits are acceptable. 3.4 Size Type 1 and Type 2 Peening balls shall conform to the requirements of Table 1. 3.5 Test Methods and Procedures 3.5.1 Composition shall be determined in accordance with ASTM A 751. 3.5.2 Hardness shall be determined in accordance with AS
16、TM E 384. SAE AMS2431/5B Page 3 of 4 TABLE 1 - PEENING BALLS Nominal Size Minimum Case Depth Inch Type 1 Minimum Case Depth Millimeters Type 1 Maximum Case Depth Inch Type 1 Maximum Case Depth Millimeters Type 1 Size Tolerance plus and minus Inch Type 1&2 Size Tolerance plus and minus Millimeter Typ
17、e 1&2 APB 3/32 0.020 0.51 0.025 0.64 0.008 0.20 APB 1/8 0.025 0.64 0.030 0.76 0.010 0.25 APB 3/16 0.030 0.76 0.035 0.89 0.010 0.25 APB 7/32 0.035 0.89 0.040 1.02 0.010 0.25 APB 1/4 0.045 1.14 0.055 1.40 0.010 0.25 APB 3/8 0.055 1.40 0.065 1.65 0.010 0.25 APB 7/16 0.065 1.65 0.075 1.90 0.010 0.25 4.
18、QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS See AMS2431 and the following: 4.1 Sampling Two samples of approximately 800 grams each shall be selected from separate containers chosen at random. Each sample shall be split to the following test quantities. 4.1.1 Composition Not less than two samples from each shipmen
19、t. 4.1.2 Hardness Twenty microhardness readings using a 500 gram load shall be made from each sample with no more than one impression from any single ball. 4.1.2.1 Samples for hardness testing shall be prepared as for microhardness testinq by encapsulating a single layer of balls in a plastic mount
20、and polishing down to nominal half spheres. For Type 1 case hardened steels, case microhardness at 0.002 and 0.003 inch (0.05 and 0.08 mm) depth shall be equivalent to 636 to 739 HV (57 to 62 HRC). Core hardness shall not exceed 383 HV (40 HRC), or equivalent. 4.1.2.2 For Type 2 through hardened ste
21、els, hardness to be 636 to 739 HV (57 to 62HRC) or equivalent. Hardness values in excess of 63 HRC are permitted, if acceptable to the customer and specified at time of order. 4.1.3 Microstructure The sample population used for hardness testing shall also be used for microstructure evaluation. 4.1.4
22、 For Type 1, case depth shall be determined visually by measurement on microhardness sample using a 3 to 5% nital etch. Not less than 90% of sample shall meet case depth values of Table 1. 4.1.5 Size Two representative samples of 30 balls shall be measured with standard micrometer. 4.1.6 Shape shall
23、 be determined visually from randomly selected sample of approximately 100 balls. SAE AMS2431/5B Page 4 of 4 5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY See AMS2431 and the following: 5.1 Packaging and Identification Peening balls shall be packaged in 40 to 55 pounds (18 to 25 kg) units in plastic-coated bags, pail
24、s, or boxes. 6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT See AMS2431. 7. REJECTIONS See AMS2431. 8. NOTES See AMS2431. 8.1 A change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY AMS COMMITTEE “B”
