1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2006 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
3、reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724
4、-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgAEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICEARP5453Issued 2000-09Reaffirmed 2006-08Training Pilots Prior to Simultaneous Instrument LandingSystem (ILS) Precision Runway Monitor (PRM) Approaches toClosely-Spaced Parallel RunwaysRATIONALEThis d
5、ocument has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE 5-year Review policy.FOREWORDThe Precision Runway Monitor (PRM) system consists of high-speed update and high-resolution radar hardware, software, and video monitors. This significantly improves the air traffic controllers ability to monitor aircraf
6、t on final approach and enhances the overall safety of flight operations.These safety enhancements have immediately been offset by a reduction of minimum separation between aircraft on approach. Aircraft are proposed to be allowed on parallel approaches with runway centerlines as close as 3000 ft wi
7、thout the lateral, in-trail or stagger separation previously required. The stated intent is to bring instrument meteorological conditions arrival rates closer to arrival rates during visual meteorological conditions. If certain events occur, a breakout maneuver must be successfully accomplished with
8、in seconds to meet minimum aircraft separation requirements.The following documents the SAE Human Behavioral Engineering Technology (HBET/G-10) Realistic Training Subcommittees efforts to safely integrate high update radar into the national airspace system. To accomplish this goal, a Precision Runwa
9、y Monitor (PRM) regimen is provided which begins with authorizing documents such as operation specifications issued by the Federal Aviation Administrator. The regimen also includes an awareness video and handout, a means for measuring understanding of the knowledge essential to conducting safe and e
10、fficient PRM approaches, a train-to-proficiency simulator module, and a checklist to determine whether or not the flight may safely include a PRM approach and what preflight actions are required if PRM unable. All operators at PRM airports are invited to use this information as a standardized refere
11、nce.The material in this document is a result of the SAE HBET/G-10 Realistic Training Subcommittee review of current operator training programs and analysis, and the requirements and recommendations of regulators, air traffic controllers, airport facility managers, manufacturers, and pilot associati
12、ons. To maintain standardization and currency, user input is encouraged. Direct information and comments to the SAE G-10 Realistic Training Subcommittee Chairman, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, USA.This document is maintained in Adobe FrameMaker+SGML 5.5.SAE ARP5453 - 2 -FOREWORD
13、 (Continued)This document was prepared by the SAE G-10G Realistic Training Subcommittee by the following individuals:Document Sponsor: Captain James WardDocument Team:Thomas Aberle Professor Richard AdamsLtCol Kenneth Burke, USAF Judith Burki-Cohen, PhDCAnne Cook Captain T. A. DemosthenesArchie Dill
14、ard, PhD Darlene FarrPeter Hwoschinsky, PhD Andrew Kendra, CFIProf. Jefferson Koonce, PhD Thomas McCloy, PhDSAE ARP5453 - 3 -TABLE OF CONTENTS1. SCOPE .32. REFERENCES .32.1 Applicable Documents 32.1.1 SAE Publications 32.1.2 U.S. Government Publications32.1.3 Jeppesen Publications 32.1.4 Aircraft Ma
15、nufacturer Operating Bulletin for Each Aircraft Type and Each Operator42.1.5 Video Tape 42.1.6 Evaluations .42.1.7 Evaluations .42.2 Glossary52.3 Abbreviations 63. GENERAL.6APPENDIX A ACTION TREE 9APPENDIX B AUTHORIZATION .11APPENDIX C READING MATERIAL .14APPENDIX D VIDEOTAPE20APPENDIX E CHECK FOR U
16、NDERSTANDING.21APPENDIX F SIMULATOR TRAINING .24APPENDIX G AIRCRAFT SPECIFIC PROCEDURES 25APPENDIX H DETERMINING AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL STATUS.28APPENDIX I CHECKLIST TO DETERMINE IF PRM ABLE/UNABLE .29SAE ARP5453 - 4 -1. SCOPE:This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides guidance to prepare p
17、ilots to participate in simultaneous instrument landing system (ILS) precision runway monitor (PRM) approaches to closely-spaced parallel runways.2. REFERENCES:2.1 Applicable Documents:The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE pub
18、lications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, sup
19、ersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.2.1.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE Aerospace Technical Report Style Manual (September 1997)2.1.2 U.S. Government Publications: Available from DODSSP, S
20、ubscription Services Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.FAA Aeronautical Information Manual, Section 5-4-12 to 14, and Pilot/Controller GlossaryFAA Order 8400.10 Flight Standards Handbook Bulletin for Air Transportation (HBAT) 97-05 titled “Operations Specifications p
21、aragraph C052/A002 (revised), Operating Instruction, and Training Program Approval for Simultaneous Close Parallel ILS Approach and Landing (ILS PRM)” 4-29-97FAA Form 8400-8 Operations Specifications (issued for individual air carriers)FAA Order 7110.65 Air Traffic Control, Section 5-9-8 Simultaneou
22、s Independent Dual ILS/MLS Approaches-High Update RadarFederal Aviation Regulations, Part 12.1.3 Jeppesen Publications: Available from Jeppesen, 55 Inverness Drive, Englewood, CO 80112-5498.Attention all users page 11-0 (issued for the airport conducting ILS PRM approaches)Approach chart (issued for
23、 each runway to which ILS PRM approaches will be conducted)SAE ARP5453 - 5 -2.1.4 Aircraft Manufacturer Operating Bulletin for Each Aircraft Type and Each Operator:Northwest Airlines A-320 Operating Bulletin 97-1 Simultaneous Close Parallel ILS (ILS PRM) Approaches At MSP, April 25, 1997Northwest Ai
24、rlines Flight Operations General Bulletin 98-101, November 13, 19982.1.5 Video Tape: Available from System Resources Corporation, 3rd Floor, 5218 Atlantic Avenue, Mays Landing, NJ 08330; 609-625-5669; Fax 609-625-5497.“ILS PRM Approaches Information For Pilots” 16:00 7/24/97 DUB MST 586.012.1.6 Eval
25、uations: Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.Airbus 320 Performance During ATC-Directed Breakouts on Final Approach, K.M.Hollister, A.S. Rhoades, A.T. Lind, 20 November 1998, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Project Report ATC-26
26、5Evaluation of Dual Simultaneous Instrument Landing System Approaches to Runways Spaced 3000 Feet Apart with One Localizer Offset Using a Precision Runway Monitor System, R.E. Ozmore (ACT-510) and S.L. Morrow (SRC), September 1996, DOT/FAA/CT-96/22.1.7 Evaluations: Available from authors.A320 and B7
27、47-400 Breakout Performance Studies, 7 September 1995, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, FAA Aviation Standards (AFS-421)Evaluation of Triple Simultaneous Instrument Landing System Approaches to Runways Spaced 4000 Feet and 5300 Feet Apart Using a Precision Runway Monitor System, R.E. Ozmore (ACT-510) and S.L
28、. Morrow (SRC), August 1997Demonstration Report: Raleigh-Durham Precision Runway Monitor Program, MSI Services, Inc, 600 Maryland Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20024, undatedAn Analysis of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Advisories during Simultaneous Instrument Approaches, Toma
29、 and Massimini, MITRE Center for Advanced Aviation System Development, McLean, Virginia, September 1993, Contract DTFA01-93-C-00001, Project 173EA, Sponsored by the Federal Aviation AdministrationAn Extension of the Analysis of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Advisories During Si
30、multaneous Instrument Approaches to Closely Spaced Parallel Runways, Folmar, Szebrat and Toma, MITRE, McLean, Virginia, July 1994, Contract DTFA01-93-C-00001, Project 173EA, Sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration, CAASDSAE ARP5453 - 6 -2.2 Glossary:BREAKOUT: A technique to direct aircraft
31、out of the approach stream. In the context of close parallel operations, a breakout is used to direct threatened aircraft away from a deviating aircraft.CLOSE PARALLELS: Two parallel runways whose extended centerlines are separated by at least 3400 ft but less than 4300 ft, having a Precision Runway
32、 Monitoring (PRM) system that permits simultaneous independent ILS approaches.FINAL MONITOR CONTROLLER: Air Traffic Control Specialist assigned to radar monitor the flight path of aircraft during simultaneous parallel and simultaneous close parallel ILS approch operations. Each runway is assigned a
33、final monitor controller during simultaneous parallel and simultaneous close parallel ILS approaches. Final monitor controllers shall utilize the Precision Runway Monitor (PRM) system during simultaneous close parallel ILS approaches.ILS CATEGORY I: An ILS approach which provides for approach to a h
34、eight above touchdown of not less than 200 ft and with runway visual range of not less than 1800 ft.IMMEDIATELY: Used by ATC when such action compliance is required to avoid an imminent situation.INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM: A precision instrument approach system which normally consists of the followi
35、ng electronic components and visual aids - localizer, glideslope, outer marker, middle marker, and approach lights.MINIMUM VECTORING ALTITUDE: The lowest MSL altitude at which an IFR aircraft will be vectored by a radar controller, except as otherwise authorized for radar approaches, departures, and
36、 missed approaches. The altitude meets IFR obstacle clearance criteria. It may be lower than the published MEA along an airway or J-route segment. It may be utilized for radar vectoring only upon the controllers determination that an adequate radar return is being received from the aircraft being co
37、ntrolled.NO TRANSGRESSION ZONE: A 2000 ft wide zone located equidistant between parallel runway final approach courses in which flight is not allowed.NOTICE TO AIRMEN: A notice containing information (not known sufficiently in advance to publish by other means) concerning the establishment, conditio
38、n, or change in any component (facility, service, or procedure of, or hazard in the National Airspace System) the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight operations.PARALLEL ILS APPROACHES: Approaches to parallel runways by IFR aircraft which, when established inbou
39、nd toward the airport on the adjacent final approach courses, are radar separated by at least 2 miles.SAE ARP5453 - 7 -2.2 (Continued):SIMULTANEOUS ILS APPROACHES: An approach system permitting simultaneous ILS/MLS approaches to airports having parallel runways separated by at least 4300 ft between
40、centerlines. Integral parts of a total system are ILS/MLS, radar, communications, ATC procedures, and appropriate airborne equipment.TRAFFIC ALERT AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM II: An airborne system that utilizes interrogation of and replies from airborne radar beacon transponders and provides tra
41、ffic advisories and resolution advisories in the vertical plane (called ACAS internationally for TCAS II version 7).TRANSPONDER: The airborne radar beacon receiver/transmitter portion of the Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS) which automatically receives radio signals from interrogator
42、s on the ground, and selectively replies with a specific reply pulse or pulse group only to those interrogations being received on the mode to which it is set to respond.2.3 Abbreviations:AGL Altitude expressed in feet measured from ground levelARTCC Air Route Traffic Control Center ATC Air Traffic
43、ControlATIS Automatic Terminal Information ServiceFAA Federal Aviation AdministrationILS Instrument Landing SystemMEL Minimum Equipment ListMSL Altitude expressed in feet measured from mean sea levelMVA Minimum Vectoring AltitudeNOTAM Notice to AirmenNTZ No Transgression ZonePF Pilot-FlyingPNF Pilot
44、-Not FlyingPRM Precision Runway MonitorRA/TA Resolution Advisory/Traffic AdvisoryTCAS Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System; TCAS II is presumed3. GENERAL:3.1 The guidance in this document is primarily aimed at trainers of pilots expecting to land at airports authorized to conduct closely spa
45、ced ILS PRM approaches. It can also be used by the pilots themselves to ensure they are in fact qualified and adequately prepared to participate in such operations prior to departing, and if not qualified/prepared, to be aware of the need for an additional 30 min of fuel, and the requirement to noti
46、fy ATC of “PRM unable” status.SAE ARP5453 - 8 -3.2 The guidance consists of a training matrix of statements and decision gates (Figure 1). Each item in the figure is supported by a list of factors which are relevant to the task (Appendix A). This process can be summarized as follows:a. Identify regu
47、latory requirementsb. Complete awareness trainingc. Complete check for understandingd. Experience simulatione. Match fuel and communication to participating statusThe process will repeat both for each recurrent training and for different crew pairings.PREPARED UNDER THE JURISDICTION OFSAE SUBCOMMITT
48、EE G-10G, REALISTIC TRAINING OFCOMMITTEE G-10, AEROSPACE BEHAVIORAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (ABET)SAE ARP5453 - 9 -FIGURE 1 - ILS PRM Training MatrixSAE ARP5453 - 10 -APPENDIX AACTION TREEA.1 REQUIREMENTS:Confirm Federal Aviation PRM Regulations are met. For military flights, confirm military PRM reg
49、ulations are met. Appendix B pertains. Decision Fork 1 is next.A.1.1 Decision Fork 1:For scheduled air carriers, do FAA operation specifications authorize ILS PRM approaches and are all requirements listed met? If yes, 2.1 is next; if no and 5.1 is yes, 5.3 is next. If no and 5.1 is no, 5.4 is next.A.2 AWARENESS:ILS PRM approaches require procedural knowledge for both approaches and breakouts from approaches. 2.1 is next.A.2.1 Reading Material Content:Crew procedures unique to PRM procedures, both as participating crew and non-particip
