1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2011 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、 Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AS4984A AEROSPACE STANDARD AS4984A Issued 1999-05 Reaffirmed 2004-01 Revised 2011-07Superseding
5、AS4984 (R) Coating Requirements for Aerospace Hand Tools RATIONALE Ths update of AS4984 is to be incorporate improvements complied from customer feedback. The improvements include the acceptance of alternate coating (used in lieu of nickel chromium plating). Major revison of AS4984 to include the ex
6、panding requriements in manufacturing processes that reflect and are asociate with Aerospace hand tools. 1. SCOPE This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers requirements for nickel-chromium coatings, black oxide or black phosphate coatings, and alternate coatings for aerospace hand tools. 1.1 Classific
7、ation Coatings covered by this document shall be of the following types, as specified: 1.1.1 Type I - Nickel-Chromium Coating 1.1.2 Type II - Black Oxide, Black Phosphate Coating, or other Black finish coatings 1.1.3 Type III - Alternate Coatings, used in lieu of nickel-chromium plating 2. APPLICABL
8、E DOCUMENTS The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text o
9、f this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. B
10、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM A 754-96 Coating Thickness by X-ray Fluorescence, Standard Test Method for ASTM B 487-85 Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of a Cross Section, Standard Test Method for ASTM B
11、499-96 Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Magnetic Method, Standard Test Method for Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS4984A Page 2 of 7 ASTM B 530-96 Measurement of Coating T
12、hickness by the Magnetic Method: Electrodeposited Nickel Coatings of Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Substrates, Standard Test Method for ASTM B 568-91 Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-ray Spectrometry, Standard Test Method for ASTM B 571-91 Adhesion of Metallic Coatings, Standard Test Methods for AST
13、M B 748-90 Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by Measurement of Cross Section with a Scanning Electron Microscope, Standard Test Method for ASTM B 117-95 Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus, Standard Test Method of ASTM B 537-70 Standard Practice for Rating of Electroplated Panels Subjected to Atm
14、ospheric Exposure ASTM D 968-93 Standard Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Falling Abrasive Tester 3. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Requirements for Nickel-Chromium Coating 3.1.1 General The tool shall be electroplated with a nickel (Ni) followed by chromium (Cr) coating. 3.1.2 Appe
15、arance The coating shall be bright, continuous, and consistent. Visible contact marks resulting from electroplating operations shall be confined to the tool interior. Surfaces of the electroplated tool shall be adherent, smooth, continuous, and free of visible defects, such as blisters, roughness, a
16、nd uncoated areas which may adversely impact the items serviceability, durability, safety and/or appearance. Surfaces shall not be stained or discolored and shall have a bright appearance. Different plating processes, such as trivalent chromium process, shall be similar in appearance on exterior sur
17、faces relative to hexavalent chromium coatings. Minor differences in shading are acceptable. 3.1.3 Adhesion The coating shall be subjected to the adhesion test as specified in 4.1.3. The plated specimen shall have “perfect“ adhesion as defined in ASTM B 571. 3.1.4 Thickness The minimum coating thick
18、ness for chromium and nickel shall be in accordance with the applicable SAE standard. If the standard and or specification does not state a minimum thickness, the minimum thickness shall be, chromium 0.000007 in (0.000178 mm) and nickel 0.000200 in (0.00508 mm). 3.2 Requirements for Type II Black Ox
19、ide, Black Phosphate Coating or other black finish coatings. 3.2.1 General The tool shall be coated with chemically produced black oxide or black phosphate coating followed with a rust preventative coating. Other black finish coatings shall conform to requirements as outlined in 3.1. Copyright SAE I
20、nternational Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS4984A Page 3 of 7 3.3 Requirements for Type III Alternative Coatings (used in lieu of nickel-chromium plating) 3.3.1 General The tool coated with an alternate c
21、oating in lieu of nickel-chromium plating shall meet the appearance, corrosion, adhesion and abrasion requirements as specified herein. All coatings shall meet the appearance requirements of 3.1.2. Alternate coatings shall be similar in appearance on exterior surfaces to a nickel-chromium plating. M
22、inor differences in shading between the alternative coating and a nickel-chromium plating are acceptable. When like products are furnished in a set or kit consisting of numerous pieces, i.e., the sockets in a socket wrench set, and some are furnished with a nickel-chromium plating and some with an a
23、lternative coating, there shall be no appreciable difference in appearance on exterior surfaces between the coatings of the like products having a nickel-chromium plating and those with an alternative coating. Minor differences in shading on interior surfaces, such as the inside of socket wrenches,
24、are acceptable. All qualitative appearance requirements as specified herein for Type III coatings shall be established by the customer and manufacturer and tested in accordance with 4.2.2. 3.3.2 Corrosion Alternate coatings shall be capable of withstanding 72 h of exposure to the salt spray test spe
25、cified in 4.2.5 without falling below a rating of seven as defined in ASTM B 537. A rating of six is considered a failure. 3.3.3 Adhesion The coating shall be subjected to the adhesion test as specified in 4.2.4. The plated specimen shall have “perfect“ adhesion as defined in ASTM B 571. 3.3.4 Abras
26、ion The coating/plating shall have no underlying steel exposed anywhere on the test surface, after being subjected to the abrasion test as specified in 4.2.3. 4. TEST PROCEDURES 4.1 Testing of Type I Nickel-Chromium 4.1.1 Thickness One measurement of the thickness of nickel and one measurement of th
27、e thickness of chromium shall be made in each of the areas indicated on Figures 1 and 2 using any of the following appropriate, methods: ASTM A 754, ASTM B 487, ASTM B 499, ASTM B 530, ASTM B 568, and ASTM B 748. 4.1.2 Adhesion Adhesion shall be tested as specified in 4.2.4 or in ASTM B 571 using on
28、e of the following methods: grind-saw, push, file, or burnishing. 4.1.3 Test Reports Test reports shall contain the actual data recorded during the examinations and testing. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted withou
29、t license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS4984A Page 4 of 7 FIGURE 1 - LOCATION OF COATING MEASUREMENT Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS4984A Page 5 of 7 FIGURE 2 LOCATION OF COATING MEASUREM
30、ENT Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS4984A Page 6 of 7 4.2 Testing of Type III Alternative Coating 4.2.1 Samples The quantity and condition of the samples used for the examinatio
31、ns and testing set forth herein shall be mutually agreed upon by the supplier and customer. The coating used on the sample shall be in accordance with the manufacturers standard operating guidelines and be representative of the manufacturers full scale production process. Retesting shall be required
32、 whenever a significant change occurs in the process, a change in the material used, or as required by the customer. 4.2.2 Appearance Examination The appearance examination shall be conducted upon thirty-(30) randomly selected samples having the alternative coating. All samples must meet the appeara
33、nce requirements specified in 3.1.2. Due to the subjective nature of the appearance requirements, the customer shall have the right to make the final determination as to whether the samples meet or do not meet the appearance requirements. Subsequent to completion of the appearance examination, all o
34、r a portion of the samples used for the appearance examination may be used for either the corrosion testing, adhesion testing or abrasion testing. 4.2.3 Abrasion In order to conduct a proper test, the samples must have flat surfaces of 0.500 in (12.7 mm) diameter. Flat steel panels having the same a
35、lternative coating as the tools may be used in the event the tools cannot be tested. The test shall be performed in accordance with ASTM D 968 Method A, Falling Sand Abrasion Test. The specimens shall be subjected to 3.53 ft3(100 L) of sand. The abrasion test shall be in accordance with the sampling
36、 plan as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier. 4.2.4 Adhesion The adhesion test shall be performed in accordance with the sampling plan as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier. The test shall be performed in accordance with ASTM B 571 paragraph 10 entitled Impact Test. The weight
37、 of the impact head should be 1.833 lb (831.4 g) minimum and fall from a height of 6 ft (1.82 m), delivering a minimum impact of 11 ft-lb (15 N/m). 4.2.5 Corrosion 4.2.5.1 Test Samples The samples used for the examination and testing set forth shall represent the alternative coating used by the supp
38、lier under their standard operating guidelines and be representative of the suppliers full-scale production process. The base material of the samples shall be similar to that used in the manufacturing process of all types. The preferred tool to be used as a test specimen is a 3/4 0.750 in (19 mm) co
39、mbination wrench. The actual tool, or other representative tools, or flat steel panels may be used as a test specimen, when mutually agreed upon by the supplier and the customer. 4.2.5.2 Preparation of Parts Samples shall be cleaned with mild dish washing detergent prior to testing. After cleaning,
40、the samples shall be dried using a type of heat gun, i.e., hair dryer. The samples should be handled with lint free gloves after cleaning. 4.2.5.3 Salt Spray Test Samples shall be submitted to a salt spray test per ASTM B 117. Samples shall be checked at the completion of the 72 h test and evaluated
41、 within 1 h of completion. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS4984A Page 7 of 7 4.2.5.4 Salt Spray Cabinet The salt spray cabinet used to perform the test shall conform to the equi
42、pment requirements of ASTM B 117. 4.2.5.5 Significant Surfaces The significant surface shall be known as the outward facing surface of the open end of the combination wrench away from the rack line. The significant surfaces of other tools which may be used for testing in lieu of a 3/4 0.750 in (19 m
43、m) size combination wrench must be agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier. In general, those surfaces should be the exterior of the tools away from stampings or markings, i.e., exterior of sockets. The readings shall be taken from the significant area no more than 1/16 0.063 in (1.58 mm) from the
44、 edge of the specimen. The ratings which are observed by the testing facility shall be documented according to ASTM B 537. 4.2.6 Test Reports Test reports shall contain the actual data recorded during the examinations and testing. 5. NOTES This document provides coating requirements for aerospace ha
45、nd tools which have to date been contained in separate standards. This document will be incorporated by reference and the detailed coating and finish requirements will be deleted from the following Aerospace Standards upon their revision: AS954 Wrenches, Hand, Twelve Point, High Strength, Thin Wall
46、AS4167 Wrenches; Flare Nut, Crowfoot, 12-Point Nondistorting AS4283 Handles and Attachments for Hand Socket Wrenches MA1547 Wrenches, Twelve Spline, Metric MA4360 Metric Wrenches; Nondistorting Flare Nut MA4534 Socket Wrenches, Hand (Metric) MA4535 Wrenches, Box and Open End Combination, Twelve Poin
47、t, High Strength, Thin Wall, Metric 5.1 A change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates
48、a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY SAE SUBCOMMITTEE EG-1B, HAND TOOLS OF COMMITTEE EG-1, AEROSPACE PROPULSION SYSTEMS SUPPORT EQUIPMENT Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
