1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this pub
3、lication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970
4、(outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J198_201210SURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ198 OCT2012 Issued 1971-01 Revised 2012
5、-10Superseding J198 JUL2003 Windshield Wiper Systems - Trucks, Buses, and Multipurpose Vehicles RATIONALEThe requirements in the previous version of this standard established wiper durability based on the GVW of the vehicle with a cut-off at 11 800 kg (26 000 lb) GVW. The intention was to prescribe
6、a greater durability requirement for over-the-road (OTR) trucks that have long life expectancy. This, however, meant that some low-mileage vocations such as recreational vehicles, fire apparatus, school buses, etc. would be held to the higher durability standard simply because of their GVW. Other vo
7、cations below 11 800 kg (26 000 lb) GVW would not require the higher durability even though their mileage life expectancy may be high. The standard has therefore been revised to recommend wiper durability based on the life expectancy of the vocation (in miles) rather than the GVW. 1. SCOPE This SAE
8、Recommended Practice establishes for left-hand steer on-road trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or greater: a. Minimum performance requirements for windshield wiping systems. b. Uniform test procedures that include those tests that can be conducted on
9、uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities. c. Uniform terminology of windshield wiper system characteristics and phenomena consistent with those found in guides for the use of engineering layout studies to evaluate system performance. d. Guides for the design and locatio
10、n of components of the systems for function, servicing of the system, etc. The test procedures and minimum performance requirements, outlined in this document, are based on currently available engineering data. It is the intent that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revi
11、sed as additional data regarding windshield wiping system performance are developed. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. SAE J
12、198 Revised OCT2012 Page 2 of 16 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J680 Location and Operation of Instruments and Controls in Motor Truck
13、 Cabs SAE J687 Nomenclature - Truck, Bus, Trailer SAE J941 Motor Vehicle Drivers Eye Locations SAE J2349 Electric Windshield Wiper Switch - Trucks, Buses, and Multipurpose Vehicles 2.1.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
14、19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.ASTM D 518 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration - Surface Cracking ASTM D 1171 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration - Surface Ozone Cracking Outdoors or Chamber (Triangular Specimens)2.1.3 ISO Publication Available from American National Standards Institut
15、e, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org.ISO 9259 Passenger cars - Windscreen wiper systems - Wiper arm to blade connections 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 WIPER SYSTEM The wiper system consists of all the apparatus for clearing the exterior of the windshield glazing surf
16、ace, together with the necessary devices and controls to start and stop the operations. 3.2 WIPER BLADE A device for clearing the effective wipe pattern, capable of receiving a load from an arm, comprising a suitable superstructure supporting and controlling a wiper blade element. 3.3 WIPER BLADE EL
17、EMENT The resilient member of the wiper blade that contacts the windshield glazing surface. 3.4 WIPER ARM A device to both interconnect the wiper blade and the output shaft of the wiper motor or linkage assembly. The wiper arm has the dual function of: a. Maintaining the wiper blade into its desired
18、 position throughout the wipe pattern. b. Exerting a load onto the wiper blade, sufficient for its function. SAE J198 Revised OCT2012 Page 3 of 16 3.5 LINKAGE ASSEMBLY The multicomponent member that connects to the wiper motor (where applicable) to transmit its action into accurate motion for drivin
19、g the wiper arm. 3.6 WIPER CONTROL VALVE/SWITCH The manually actuated mechanism that allows passage of pneumatic or electric signal to the wiper motor for activating the wiper system into its various operating or nonoperating modes. 3.7 WIPED AREA The specific area on the glazing surface which shall
20、 be covered by the effective wiper pattern; the area developed as being compatible with viewing requirements necessary to operate the types of vehicles listed in Table 1. 3.8 EYELLIPSE A statistical representation of the drivers eye location in a motor vehicle, as defined in SAE J941. For the purpos
21、e of this document, the head turn consideration in SAE J941 will not be used. 3.9 EFFECTIVE WIPE PATTERN That portion of the wet windshield glazing surface which is cleared when the wiper blade travels through a cycle with system on highest frequency. 3.10 MULTIPIECE WINDSHIELD A windshield consisti
22、ng of two or more windshield glazing surface areas. 3.11 CYCLE A cycle shall consist of wiper blade movement during system operation from one extreme of the wipe pattern to the other extreme and return. 3.12 DAYLIGHT OPENING (DLO) The term “daylight opening” (DLO) refers to the maximum opening of an
23、y glass aperture which is unobstructed by moldings, masking, or framing. 3.13 LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLE A light-duty vehicle is a personnel and/or cargo carrying vehicle with basic GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or less (class 1 and 2) and with the basic design intended for both on- and off-highway use. 3.14 M
24、EDIUM-DUTY VEHICLE A medium-duty vehicle is a personnel and/or cargo carrying vehicle with basic GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) to 11 800 kg (26 000 lb) (class 3 to 6) and with the basic design intended for both on-and off-highway use. SAE J198 Revised OCT2012 Page 4 of 16 TABLE 1 - WIPED AREA VIEWING R
25、EQUIREMENTS Classification FDimensionmmFDimensionin AreaAngleUp,degAngleDown,degAngleLeft,degAngleRight,degTruck, CBE and CAE(1)01020 040 A 10 5 18 56 B 5 3 14 53 C 5 1 10 15 1020 12704050 A 8 7 18 56 B 3 5 14 53 C 10 15 1270 Up50Up A 6 9 18 56 1 7 14 53 5 10 15 Buses, CBE School and Commercial(2)12
26、7015205060 A 7.5 22 22 62 B 3 22 22 62 C 1 16 22 15 Buses, Forward Control, School and Commercial 127015205060 A 7 14 18 65 B 2 11 18 65 C 1 11 18 25 Forward Control or Multipurpose All All A 9 7 18 56 B 4 4 14 53 C 2 2 10 15 Light-DutyUtilityVehicle(1)All All A 7 5 16 49 B 4 3 13 49 C 4 2 8 13 Van,
27、Multistop(1)Open Open A 7 12 18 58 B 2 11 15 56 C 1 6 10 15 Trucks, COE 1020 Up40Up A 6 9 18 56 B 1 7 14 53 C 1 5 10 15 See SAE J687 for nomenclature. Angles are minimum. 1. Specifications also cover passenger carrying derivatives. 2. Geometric center of eyellipse located 457 mm (18 in) from centerl
28、ine of vehicle. SAE J198 Revised OCT2012 Page 5 of 16 3.15 HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLE A heavy-duty vehicle is a personnel and/or cargo carrying vehicle with basic GVW of 11 801 kg (26 001 lb) or greater (class 7 and 8) and with the basic design intended for both on- and off-highway use. 3.16 PASSENGER CARRY
29、ING DERIVATIVE A passenger carrying derivative is a vehicle where the basic design, other than driver windshield relationship, has been modified for the purpose of carrying occupants. 3.17 FUNCTION Ability of the wiper system to clear the specified area of the windshield when the system is operated
30、in accordance with the vehicle manufacturers instructions. The FUNCTION requirements are defined as follows: a. Wiped Area: See 4.1.1 b. Wipe Frequency: See 4.1.2 c. Durability: See 4.1.3 d. Wiped Quality: See 4.2.3 3.18 INTERMITTENT Wiping action consisting of an individual complete sweep (start to
31、 start) with an interval between stop and subsequent activation.3.19 WIPER MOTOR That mechanism, operated by an external power media/source (electric, pneumatic or hydraulic), that provides a controlled power to the other components of the system (either by direct drive to the Wiper Arm(s) or to the
32、 linkage), and is activated by the Wiper Switch/Value. 3.20 CAB-ALONGSIDE-ENGINE (CAE) A vehicle in which the drivers compartment and controls are located alongside the engine compartment. 3.21 CAB-BEHIND-ENGINE (CBE) A vehicle in which the drivers compartment and controls are located at the rear of
33、 a hood enclosed powerplant or are located partially over the rear of the powerplant or located partially beside the rear of the powerplant. 3.22 CAB-OVER-ENGINE (COE) A vehicle in which all, or a substantial part of, its engine is located under the cab. 3.23 MULTIPURPOSE PASSENGER VEHICLE Motor veh
34、icle with motive power, except a low-speed vehicle or a trailer designed to carry 10 persons or less which is constructed either on a truck chassis or with special features for occasional off-road operation. SAE J198 Revised OCT2012 Page 6 of 16 4. REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Windshield Wiper System Requiremen
35、ts 4.1.1 Required Wiped Area The minimum windshield wiped area is described by three specific areas on the exterior windshield glazing surface. The three areas are developed with the vehicle loaded to the manufacturers base design load and are identified in Table 1 as areas A, B, and C. Each area ha
36、s been established using the angles of Table 1 applied as shown in Figure 1. In the side view, the upper and lower boundary of the area is established by the intersection of two planes, which are seen as lines in the side view tangent to the upper and lower edges of the eyellipse, with the windshiel
37、d glazing surface. The planes are fixed by the angles above and below the XX line. In the plan view the left and right boundary of the area is established by the intersection of two vertical planes tangent to the left and right edges of the eyellipse with the windshield glazing surface. The planes a
38、re fixed by angles to the left and right of the XX line. The areas used in determining the percentage of wiped area are those areas on the exterior glazing surface which are not within 25 mm (1 in) of the edge of the daylight opening (pillars, division bar, header, etc.). The percentage is the ratio
39、 of wiped area within the defined area to the defined area. Using test procedures established in 6.1, Table 2 for percentages to be wiped. 4.1.2 Frequency a. The windshield wiper system shall be designed to provide two or more frequencies. b. The highest frequency shall be a minimum of 45 cycles/min
40、. c. The highest and one lower frequencies shall differ by at least 15 cycles/min. d. Such lower frequency shall be at least 20 cycles/min. e. Frequencies must be obtainable under normal vehicle operating conditions regardless of engine speed and/or engine load, following test procedures and test co
41、nditions described in 6.2.1. If the wiper system is capable of INTERMITTENT OPERATION, operation must be as follows: 2. Upon activation of INTERMITTENT, the wiper will initiate one sweep and then begin counting for the interval. 3. Upon cancellation of INTERMITTENT, the wiper will complete the sweep
42、 and proceed into the PARK position or to Continuous speed mode. 4. Selecting a Continuous speed mode immediately negates the INTERMITTENT mode. Activation of a programmed WASH feature overrides the INTERMITTENT mode but returns the Wiper system to the previous mode upon completion of the programmed
43、 WASH. SAE J198 Revised OCT2012 Page 7 of 16 FIGURE 1 - EYELLIPSE TEMPLATE LOCATION (FOR DEFINITION OF DIMENSIONS - SEE SAE J941) TABLE 2 - MINIMUM PERCENT OF WINDSHIELD TO BE WIPED Windshield Type Area A Area B Area C One Piece 80 94 99 Multipiece 65 70 84 4.1.3 Durability Wiping system, except for
44、 the blade, and the control valve/switch must remain functional using test procedures and conditions established in 6.2 per the following durations: a. Trucks, buses and multipurpose vehicles with life expectancy at or below 300 000 miles: 1.5 million cycles b. Trucks, buses and multipurpose vehicle
45、s with life expectancy in excess of 300 000 miles: 3.0 million cycles The control valve/switch, when using the same test procedure and conditions will, during the test, be activated/deactivated the following minimum cycles: 5000 cycles for a 1.5 million cycle wiper system 10 000 cycles for a 3 milli
46、on cycle wiper system NOTE: Any component failure, except the wiper blade during this test, denotes system failure. Throughout this test and at the completion of such: 1. Wipe angles as measured on the high speed setting with wet glass must allow compliance with vision area specification and should
47、not exceed the DLO (unless specifically designed to do so). 2. All components must remain without permanent set or distortion which would impair function of the wiper system or result in damage to the windshield surface or to metal/nonmetallic exterior surface. SAE J198 Revised OCT2012 Page 8 of 16
48、3. Support members onto which the wiper motor and bracket, the linkage and pivot assemblies are mounted must remain without permanent set, distortion, crazing, fatigue cracking, etc., that affect either performance of the wiper system or cause failure of such. 4.1.4 System Strength The system shall
49、be capable of withstanding the loads induced by stall, using test conditions and test procedures established in 6.3, with all mechanical components remaining functional and without permanent distortion. Upon removal of the obstruction induced to cause a stall, system operation should be as follows: a. For electrical systems, operation must resume within the specified parameters of the manufacturer. b. For Pneumatic system, o
