1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this pub
3、lication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970
4、(outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J641_201206SURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ641 JUN2012 Issued 1951-01Revised 2012-
5、06Superseding J641 MAR2000 Hydrodynamic Drives Terminology RATIONALEThis standard is being updated to provide optional nomenclature to certain figures, and to provide clarification to certain equations.1. SCOPE Since the torque converter and fluid coupling are commonly used components of automatic t
6、ransmissions in industry, the SAE appointed a committee to standardize terminology, test procedure, data recording, design symbols, and so forth, in this field. The following committee recommendations will facilitate a clear understanding for engineering discussions, comparisons, and the preparation
7、 of technical papers. The recommended usages represent the predominant practice or the acceptable practice. Where agreement is not complete, alternates have been included for clarification. EXAMPLE: Two systems of blade angle designations are described. Consequently when a blade angle is specified,
8、the system should be designated. This SAE Recommended Practice deals only with the physical parts and dimensions and does not attempt to standardize the design considerations, such as the actual fluid flow angle resulting from the physical blade shape. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Document The follo
9、wing publication forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publication Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA a
10、nd Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J1087 One-Way Clutches - Nomenclature and Terminology SAE J641 Revised JUN2012 Page 2 of 11 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 HYDRODYNAMIC DRIVE In contrast with electrical or mechanical drives, a hydrodynamic drive transmits power solely by dynamic fluid a
11、ction in a closed recirculating path. 3.2 FLUID COUPLING A hydrodynamic drive which transmits power without ability to change torque. (Ideal torque ratio is 1:1 at all speed ratios.) See Figure 1. FIGURE 1 - FLUID COUPLING SAE J641 Revised JUN2012 Page 3 of 11 3.3 TORQUE CONVERTER A hydrodynamic dri
12、ve which transmits power with ability to multiply torque. (Torque ratio changes as speed ratio changes.) See Figure 2. FIGURE 2 - TWO-PHASE, SINGLE-STAGE TORQUE CONVERTER (SINGLE-PHASE, SINGLE-STAGE IF ONE-WAY CLUTCH IS DELETED) SAE J641 Revised JUN2012 Page 4 of 11 3.4 ELEMENT An element consists o
13、f a single row of flow directing blades. See Figure 3. FIGURE 3 - THREE-MEMBER, SIX-ELEMENT, SINGLE-PHASE, THREE-STAGE TORQUE CONVERTER 3.5 MEMBER A member is an independently rotating element of a hydrodynamic unit such as an impeller (pump), reactor (stator), or turbine. It may comprise one or mor
14、e elements. See Figure 3. 3.6 STAGE (SINGLE-, TWO-, THREE-, ETC.) A stage is a turbine element interposed between elements of other members. The number of stages is the number of such elements of the turbine member. See Figures 2 and 3. 3.7 PHASE (SINGLE-, TWO-, THREE-, ETC.) Applied to a torque con
15、verter, refers to the number of functional arrangements of the working elements when the functional change is produced by a one-way clutch or other mechanical means such as a clutch or brake. See Figures 2 and 3. SAE J641 Revised JUN2012 Page 5 of 11 3.8 IMPELLER (PUMP) Designates the power input me
16、mber. 3.9 TURBINE Designates the output member. 3.10 REACTOR (STATOR) Designates the reaction member. The reactor is grounded, typically through a one-way clutch. 3.11 ONE-WAY CLUTCH See SAE J1087. 3.12 CLUTCH-TYPE TORQUE CONVERTER A hydrodynamic torque converter using a clutch to provide a direct m
17、echanical drive. See Figure 4. FIGURE 4 - CLUTCH-TYPE TORQUE CONVERTER SAE J641 Revised JUN2012 Page 6 of 11 3.13 CLUTCH PISTON A friction element device which can mechanically couple the impeller to the output. See Figure 4. 3.14 SPRING DAMPER (FLEXIBLE COUPLING) A device that reduces the amplitude
18、 of torsional vibration to the output. See Figure 4. 3.15 NAMING OF MULTIPLE MEMBERS Multiple members that perform basically the same function in both polyphase and multistage torque converters are named in the order of fluid circulation in normal operation: a. First impeller, second impeller, etc.
19、b. First turbine, second turbine, etc. c. First reactor, second reactor, etc. 3.16 BLADE (VANE) Within an element, designates the means of directing fluid flow. 3.17 VARIABLE BLADE (VANE) Designates a blade provided with control means to vary the angular position and thus vary the direction of fluid
20、 flow. 3.18 TORUS SECTION Designates the confines of a flow circuit in a radial plane of a torque converter or fluid coupling. 3.19 SHELL (HUB) Designates the outside wall of the torus section in any member. See Figures 1 and 2. 3.20 CORE (SHROUD) Designates the inside wall of the torus section in a
21、ny member. See Figures 1 and 2. 3.21 DESIGN PATH The path of the assumed mean effective flow, used for definition of blade angles, entrance and exit radii, etc. See Figures 1 and 2. SAE J641 Revised JUN2012 Page 7 of 11 3.22 BIAS (ENTRANCE AND EXIT) At the entering and exit blade edges, designates t
22、he angular variance with respect to an axial plane at the design path. The angle is measured as viewed in an axial direction. See Figure 5. FIGURE 5 - BLADE TERMINOLOGY (TURBINE) 3.23 SCROLL The angle between the two planes containing the intersection of the design path and the entering and leaving
23、edges of the blade when the blade does not lie in one axial plane. See Figure 5. 3.24 TORQUE CONVERTER SIZE In general terms, is designated by the maximum diameter of the flow path. See Figure 1. 3.25 DESIGN RADII (ENTRANCE OR EXIT) Design radii of any member are taken at the point of intersection o
24、f the design path with the theoretical blade edges. See Figure 5. SAE J641 Revised JUN2012 Page 8 of 11 3.26 SLIP Designates the difference between input speed (Ni) and output speed (No). It may also be expressed as a percent of input speed. 3.27 SPEED RATIO Designates the output speed divided by th
25、e input speed (No/Ni).3.28 TORQUE RATIO Designates the output torque divided by the input torque (To/Ti).3.29 CAPACITY FACTOR (K-FACTOR) FOR A HYDRODYNAMIC DRIVE The input speed in rpm (Ni) divided by the square root of the input torque (Ti) (see Equation 1). K-factor is designated as metric (more c
26、ommon, Tiin Nm) or US Customary Units (Tiin lb-ft) iiTNK = (Americas) (Eq. 1) T K = - (Europe/Asia) N23.30 STALL TORQUE RATIO Designates the torque ratio when the turbine is restrained from rotating. 3.31 STALL LAUNCH Accomplished by restraining the vehicle with the brakes, opening the throttle full
27、y, and subsequently releasing the brakes after the engine has attained maximum stall speed. 3.32 STALL SPEED Designates the input speed in rpm at a specified input torque when the turbine is restrained from rotating. 3.33 TORQUE CONVERSION RANGE Designates the range of operation where torque multipl
28、ication exists. 3.34 COUPLING RANGE Designates the range of operation at which torque ratio is unity and the reactor(s) one-way clutch is overrunning. 3.35 COUPLING POINT Designates the point where the torque conversion range ends and the coupling range begins. 3.36 HYDRODYNAMIC UNIT CHARGE PRESSURE
29、 Designates the externally applied hydraulic fluid pressure under which the hydrodynamic unit operates. SAE J641 Revised JUN2012 Page 9 of 11 3.37 MEAN CAMBERLINE Mean camberline is the locus of the centers of the series of circles which are tangent to both surfaces of the blade profile. See Figure
30、6. This method of mean camberline determination is shown for a continuously varying double surface type of hydrofoil. The same system applies to all other types of blade profiles, including cases where discontinuities arise, because of edge modifications, as with sheet metal blades. 3.38 BLADE ANGLE
31、S Unless otherwise specified, a blade angle is measured from a zero reference to the line tangent to the mean camberline extended in the direction of flow from the point of interest on the design path. The variation of angle at points other than on the design path must be specified. A blade is gener
32、ally identified by the angles at its entrance and exit edges. FIGURE 6 - DEVELOPED SECTION OF BLADE AT INTERSECTION WITH DESIGN PATH SURFACE SAE J641 Revised JUN2012 Page 10 of 11 3.39 BLADE ANGLE SYSTEMS See Figure 7. FIGURE 7 - BLADE ANGLE SYSTEMS 3.39.1 System A In this system, the zero reference
33、 is the plane containing the axis of rotation and the point of tangency on the blade mean camberline.Angle limits are 90 and +90 degrees. A positive angle is one whose side tangent to the mean camberline extends in the direction of impeller rotation. A negative angle is one whose tangent side extend
34、s opposite to the direction of impeller rotation. In this system, the sine and tangent functions of the blade angle, as used in torque converter design, have the same sign as the angle, and the cosine function is always positive. 3.39.2 System B In this system, the zero reference is the line extende
35、d from the point of tangency in the direction of impeller rotation and normal to the plane containing the axis of rotation and the point of tangency. Angle limits are 0 and 180 degrees. The angle is less than 90 degrees when the side tangent to the mean camberline extends in the direction of impelle
36、r rotation. It is more than 90 degrees when the tangent side extends opposite to the direction of impeller rotation. In this system, a trigonometric function of a blade angle, as used in torque converter design,derives its plus or minus sign from the appropriate table for the corresponding quadrant.
37、 SAE J641 Revised JUN2012 Page 11 of 11 4. NOTES 4.1 Marginal Indicia A change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY THE SAE AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION & TRANSAXLE TECHNICAL STANDARDS COMMITTEE
