1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21242-1 SANS 10245:2008Edition 1.1Any reference to SABS 0245 is deemedto be a reference to this standard(Government Notice No. 1373 of 8 N
4、ovember 2002)SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD The maintenance of textile floor coverings Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 10245:20
5、08 Edition 1.1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 2008 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to SANS standards, to update the introductory paragraph to the normative references clause, and to update referenced standards. Foreword This South African standard was approved by N
6、ational Committee StanSA SC 5110.02D, Textile floor coverings Maintenance, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in June 2008. This document supersedes SABS 0245:1993 (first edition). A vertical line
7、in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No. 1. Annexes A, B, C, D, E and F are for information only. Introduction The aim of a maintenance programme for a textile floor covering is to retain its original appearance and texture for as long as possible. This aim c
8、an be achieved by keeping soil content and stains to a minimum, which will, in turn, prolong the useful life of the textile floor covering. It is not traffic alone that wears out textile floor coverings, but also soil and grit on, and within, the use-surface. When people enter a building, they carry
9、 a certain amount of soil, mud and grit on the soles of their footwear. This soil is deposited on the textile floor coverings, and eventually works its way down into the use-surface. To prolong the life of a textile floor covering, and to protect the investment, the quantity of soil should be kept t
10、o an absolute minimum. This can be done by regular and systematic cleaning of the textile floor covering with soil removal equipment. The type of equipment chosen will depend entirely on the area to be cleaned, the number of obstructions present, the traffic load on the use-surface, the type of text
11、ile floor covering, the type of use-surface fibre, the availability of utilities, and the cleaning frequencies required. The maintenance requirements of various buildings are directly affected by the traffic load and the type of cleaning programme used. After the textile floor covering has been chos
12、en or specified, it is necessary to consider the maintenance programme, equipment, material and method. SANS 10245:2008 Edition 1.1 1 Contents Page Foreword Introduction 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions . 3 4 Maintenance programme 3 5 Maintenance equipment and methods 5 6 Procedure f
13、or impregnated dry powder cleaning 17 7 Procedure for spray mist rotary pad cleaning . 18 8 Procedure for dry foam cleaning Cylindrical-brush shampoo machines 20 9 Procedure for shampoo cleaning 20 10 Procedure for spray/extraction cleaning 23 11 Stain removal 28 Annex A (informative) Textile fibres
14、 used in textile floor coverings 37 Annex B (informative) Types of textile floor coverings . 37 Annex C (informative) On-site cleaning procedures . 39 Annex D (informative) Chemicals for cleaning . 42 Annex E (informative) Household chemicals 43 Annex F (informative) Burning tests as an aid to fibre
15、 identification . 44 SANS 10245:2008 Edition 1.1 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 10245:2008 Edition 1.1 3 The maintenance of textile floor coverings 1 Scope This standard gives guidance on suitable and appropriate maintenance techniques for textile floor coverings. The information enabl
16、es users to maintain textile floor coverings of all types in good condition. This standard is applicable to both domestic and contract types of textile floor covering. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated referenc
17、es, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from Standards South Africa. Amdt 1 ISO 2424, Textile floor coverings Clas
18、sification and terminology. Amdt 1 SANS 2424/ISO 2424, Textile floor coverings Vocabulary. Amdt 1 SANS 10004, Terms and definitions for textiles and textile merchandise. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the definitions given in SANS 10004 and the following definition apply: textile f
19、loor covering material having a use-surface composed of textile material(s) and used for covering floors NOTE This is a general term describing all types of product (see SANS 2424). Amdt 1 4 Maintenance programme 4.1 Planning a maintenance programme 4.1.1 General Just as specifications have to be co
20、ncerned with traffic load and soiling rates, so too does the maintenance programme. For example, offices, restaurants, cafeterias, hospitals and lounges are areas where accidental spills, stains and even smoke contribute to overall soiling. Routine procedures need to be established for attending to
21、such mishaps as quickly as possible. Whatever the nature of the installation, it is necessary to prepare a system for dealing with soiling and to set up a maintenance programme. Recommended maintenance frequencies are given in tables 1 and 2. SANS 10245:2008 Edition 1.1 4 Textile floor coverings giv
22、e best service when they receive reasonable care and attention. Ignoring the basic rules of good maintenance and a poor choice of maintenance system will lead to a drastic reduction in the useful life of a textile floor covering. Two elements essential to an efficient maintenance programme are daily
23、 procedures and periodic (or corrective) cleaning. 4.1.2 Daily cleaning Vacuuming and spot or stain removal are normally included in a daily cleaning operation. Thorough vacuuming, using several passes, removes loose soil. Filters and dust bags should be replaced or cleaned frequently. Spots and sta
24、ins should be removed as soon as possible. 4.1.3 Periodic cleaning Periodic cleaning includes weekly, monthly, seasonal and occasional programmes which attempt to restore the textile floor covering to its original appearance. Methods such as spray/extraction, wet shampoo, powder cleaning and dry foa
25、m are used. These methods refresh the use-surface and remove any discolouring grime from the textile floor covering. 4.2 Other factors related to maintenance 4.2.1 Soil Wool has natural soil resisting characteristics, and many synthetic fibres have been engineered to have improved soil resistance. M
26、odified fibre cross-sections, chemical delustering and in-built anti-static features are used to achieve soil resistance. Certain textile floor covering textures and colorations reduce the visibility of soil between cleanings. 4.2.2 Colour The colour of a textile floor covering can contribute signif
27、icantly to the visibility of soil between cleanings. Lighter colours should be reserved for rooms where low soiling rates are prevalent. Multicoloured or patterned textile floor coverings should be used in high traffic areas and areas adjacent to external doors. Yarns that combine two or more colour
28、s (e.g. grey, beige, brown or rust) can camouflage visible soiling until it can be removed. 4.2.3 Walk-off mats and lifts As preventive maintenance, walk-off mats should be placed at all entrances to carpeted areas. These mats can collect soil from footwear before it reaches the textile floor coveri
29、ng. Textile floor coverings in lifts act as a further barrier to soiling of the carpeted areas. NOTE It is necessary to specify the type, location, size and cleaning frequency of walk-off mats. 4.2.4 Chair mats (“carpet protectors“) Castors of office furniture can damage a textile floor covering and
30、 also its underlay, and for this reason many suppliers of textile floor coverings recommend the use of protective mats. A chair mat enables easier movement of the chair, and also protects the textile floor covering. 4.2.5 Treatments to enhance soil resistance and stain resistance Some treatments for
31、 textile floor coverings can enhance soil resistance and stain resistance. These SANS 10245:2008 Edition 1.1 5 treatments can be applied by the fibre manufacturer or by the textile floor covering manufacturer during finishing. Alternatively, chemical treatments may be applied before or after the ins
32、tallation of a textile floor covering. Whilst the post-manufacturing treatments may be effective, advice should be sought from the textile floor covering manufacturer, because the application of further treatments may affect the legal relationship between the customer, the supplier and the manufactu
33、rer. In addition, the later treatments may be chemically incompatible with previous treatments. Treatments to enhance soil resistance and stain resistance are not commonly used in contract applications, since their effectiveness decreases considerably in heavy traffic areas and progressively after e
34、ach periodic cleaning operation. 5 Maintenance equipment and methods 5.1 General This clause deals with equipment and materials used for various methods of textile floor covering maintenance. The methods can be categorized as follows: a) dry soil removal; b) surface cleaning and area touch-up (cosme
35、tic); c) deep soil removal by chemical cleaning (deep corrective cleaning); and d) spot and stain removal general. NOTE The use of rotary disc machines is not advisable on cut-pile textile floor coverings having heat-set, twisted pile yarns. 5.2 Dry soil removal 5.2.1 Sweeper Sweepers (see figure 1(
36、a) are widely used for touching up textile floor coverings in the home, in restaurants, theatre lobbies and other commercial establishments where silent soil removal is essential. A sweeper will remove surface soil and small litter. Sweepers are available in several sizes, most of which operate on t
37、he same principle. A soil receptacle both ahead of and behind the brush assembly enables the sweeper to recover soil build-up from the surface of confined areas. A sweeper will maintain the appearance of textile floor coverings that are installed where noisy equipment cannot be used. 5.2.2 Canister
38、type vacuum cleaner Canister type vacuum cleaners (see figure 1(b) are widely used for the surface cleaning of domestic and lightly trafficked contract areas. This type of vacuum cleaner relies on a stream of air being drawn across the surface of the floor covering to remove litter and loose surface
39、 soil. In high traffic contract areas, a more powerful industrial type vacuum cleaner should be used. 5.2.3 Semi-commercial upright vacuum cleaner (single motor type) The semi-commercial (light-weight, commercial), upright vacuum cleaner is widely used in cleaning. This type of vacuum cleaner usuall
40、y differs from domestic types by having a heavier, cast aluminium base assembly and a continuous-duty rated motor. The single motor turns an open scroll type fan assembly to produce the vacuum, while an extension shaft and belt arrangement drives the brush. The soil is dislodged by the revolving bru
41、sh (see figure 1(e), beater bar (see figure 1(c), or bristle strips (see figure 1(c) and figure 1(d), and is then pulled up through the fan and blown into a handle-mounted collector bag assembly. SANS 10245:2008 Edition 1.1 6 The operation of this type of vacuum cleaner is simple and straightforward
42、, but it is important to start with a clean bag and to adjust the vacuum cleaner in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, to suit the type of textile floor covering that is to be cleaned. The vacuum cleaner is operated in a slow push-pull fashion similar to the use of a domestic vacuum cle
43、aner. However, care should be taken to overlap strokes so that the entire surface area is covered. This type of vacuum cleaner is best suited to small areas with many obstructions. 5.2.4 Tank vacuum cleaner (conventional industrial type) The tank vacuum cleaner with wet or dry pick-up capabilities,
44、relies entirely on suction power and has no revolving brushes. This type of vacuum cleaner is most suited to the maintenance of low profile textile floor coverings with light to medium traffic loads in highly obstructed areas. The wand and nozzle assembly are operated in a slow push-pull fashion and
45、 care needs to be taken to cover each area with several overlapping passes to remove soil. If an adjustable floor nozzle is used, care needs to be taken to ensure it is correctly set. There are several other types of nozzle that can be used, depending on the type of textile floor covering. These inc
46、lude: a) bare floor tool with a slotted shoe for general cleaning and wet pick-up after shampooing; b) lint pick-up nozzle, which has small prongs or hooks on the rear edge; and c) general purpose nozzle with a spring loaded brush. 5.2.5 Power wand The power wand is the most recent addition to contr
47、act maintenance equipment. It combines the cleaning characteristics of the upright vacuum cleaner with the ease of operation of the tank vacuum cleaner. Primarily used for highly obstructed areas such as school classrooms and office areas, it is also suitable for cleaning on stairways and landings.
48、WARNING: Care should be taken when using a power wand on certain textile floor covering constructions such as high twist, semi-shag, shag, or coarse gauge loop piles. The main portion of a power wand is the base assembly which contains a turbulator brush assembly powered by a continuous-duty rated m
49、otor. The types of vacuum cleaners that can be used with a power wand vary greatly and are limited only by the hose size. Models ranging from small light-weight back-pack vacuum cleaners to large canister type vacuum cleaners can be used with a power wand and can be operated in a normal push-pull fashion. 5.2.6 Pile lifter vacuum cleaner A pile lifter vacuum cleaner is a heavy-duty upright vacuum cleaner which uses a densely tufted, cylindrical brush in conjunction with powerful suction to brush and condition the pile of a textile floor covering and remove embedded soil p
