1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22256-7 SANS 10264-3:2009Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Disaster management Part 3: Hazard-specific response planning Published
4、by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 10264-3:2009 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Acknowledgement The SABS Standards Division wishes to acknowledge the valuable assist
5、ance derived from the publication, Guide for all-hazard emergency operations planning, published by FEMA, SLG 101. Washington DC. 1996. Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 223, National disaster response, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards
6、 Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in August 2009. This document supersedes SABS 0264-3:2002 (edition 1). Reference is made in 7.2 and 7.4 to “safety legislation“. In South Africa this means the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act No
7、. 85 of 1993) (as amended from time to time). SANS 10264 consists of the following parts under the general title Disaster management: Part 1: Terminology and implementation. Part 2: All-risk emergency operation planning. Part 3: Hazard-specific response planning. Annex A is for information only. SAN
8、S 10264-3:2009 Edition 2 1 Contents Page Acknowledgement Foreword 1 Scope . 3 2 Normative references . 3 3 Definitions and abbreviations . 4 4 Introduction to hazard-specific response plans . 4 5 Flood and dam failure 6 6 Hurricanes and storm winds 9 7 Dangerous goods incidents . 13 Annex A (informa
9、tive) The Beaufort wind scale 22 Bibliography 23 SANS 10264-3:2009 Edition 2 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 10264-3:2009 Edition 2 3 Disaster management Part 3: Hazard-specific response planning 1 Scope 1.1 This part of SANS 10264 covers the development of operational plans for specifi
10、c hazards identified in the risk assessment process (see SANS 10264-1) as a high priority hazard. The standard covers planning requirements for disaster recurring hazards in South Africa. 1.2 The format and principles adopted in the plans covered in this part of SANS 10264 could also be used as guid
11、elines for hazard-specific response plans for other hazards. Examples of other candidate hazard-specific response plans are: a) earthquakes in districts where geological fault-lines have been identified; b) radiological hazards in areas near nuclear installations; c) maritime incidents; d) aviation
12、incidents; and e) floods and dam failure. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amend
13、ments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division. SANS 10160 (SABS 0160), The general procedures and loadings to be adopted in the design of buildings. SANS 10228, The identification and classification of dangerous g
14、oods for transport. SANS 10264-1, Disaster management Part 1: Terminology and implementation. SANS 10264-2, Disaster management Part 2: All-risk emergency operation planning. SANS 10264-3:2009 Edition 2 4 3 Definitions and abbreviations For the purpose of this document, the definitions and abbreviat
15、ions given in SANS 10264-1 and the following definitions and abbreviations apply. 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 hot zone area immediately surrounding a dangerous goods incident site, extending far enough to prevent adverse effects from dangerous goods releases from reaching personnel outside the zone 3.1.2
16、special needs populations groups of people that require special attention in a disaster situation, such as: a) children in school and day care centres; b) the handicapped: hearing-, sight-, mentally- or mobility-impaired; c) institutionalized persons: in hospitals, mental health facilities and nursi
17、ng homes; d) incarcerated persons; e) transient persons: seasonal workers, hotel guests and street people; and f) language groups other than English. 3.1.3 warm zone area where personnel and equipment decontamination and hot zone support takes place 3.2 Abbreviations DMC Disaster Management Centre E
18、OP Emergency Operations Plan EPI Emergency Public Information IC Incident Commander ICS Incident Command System PIO Public Information Officer 4 Introduction to hazard-specific response plans 4.1 General Hazard-specific response plans offer a means of extending the EOP (see SANS 10264-1) and the all
19、-risk functions (see SANS 10264-2). They address special and unique response procedures, notifications, protective actions, emergency public information and other needs generated by a particular hazard. SANS 10264-3:2009 Edition 2 5 Planning considerations common to most of the identified hazards sh
20、all be addressed in all-risk functions (see SANS 10264-2) and shall not be repeated in hazard-specific plans. A hazard-specific plan shall be prepared where functions do not by themselves give enough information for adequate planning in the face of a specific high-priority hazard. The EOP shall list
21、 all the hazard-specific response plans developed for the jurisdiction. All-risk functions shall reference hazard-specific plans where applicable. 4.2 Development of hazard-specific plans As the planning team develop each of the all-risk functions (see SANS 10264-2), close scrutiny shall be given to
22、 the unique characteristics of hazards that require special attention. The decision to develop a hazard-specific plan shall be based on special planning requirements for a specific hazard that cannot be accommodated in an all-risk function. 4.3 Content of a hazard-specific plan 4.3.1 The hazard-spec
23、ific plan shall contain unique response planning details that apply to a single hazard and shall address the essential operational actions that have to be accomplished to facilitate the successful completion of a particular response function. As appropriate, the plan shall quantify the risk area, ge
24、ography and demographic considerations that apply to the hazard. It is recommended that hazard-specific plans follow the same structure based on at least the following sections: a) scope; b) management structures; and c) operational procedures. 4.3.2 The responsibility for making the decision on wha
25、t to include in a hazard-specific plan is vested with the jurisdictions planning team. The planning approach shall have the flexibility to accommodate and satisfy: a) the planning requirements associated with unique aspects of the hazards and with the various regulatory authorities; b) the different
26、 constituencies in the jurisdictions emergency response organizations; and c) the members of the planning team. 4.4 Basic considerations In order to prepare a hazard specific plan careful consideration shall be given to the following aspects: a) the nature of the hazard: requiring an understanding o
27、f the causes, frequency and potential consequences; b) the risk area: requiring an understanding of the geography and topography of parts of the jurisdiction that is most likely to be affected; c) risk assessment: to be carried out in accordance with SANS 10264-1; d) vulnerability assessment: to be
28、carried out in accordance with SANS 10264-1; SANS 10264-3:2009 Edition 2 6 e) the development of hazard unique planning strategies: based on the foregoing considerations; f) the command structure; and g) any regulatory requirements. 5 Flood and dam failure 5.1 Nature of the hazard Flooding occurs wh
29、en normally dry land is inundated with water or mud flows. Flooding can result from: a) bodies of water overflowing their banks, including artificial ones like dams; b) structural failures of dams; or c) rapid accumulation of runoff or surface water, or any combination of these. The most important c
30、oncerns relating to flooding are the suddenness of onset in the case of flash floods and dam failures, and flood level elevation in relation to topography and structures. Contributing factors are the velocity (energy) of moving water, debris carried by the water and extended duration of flood condit
31、ions. Flooding conditions predominate during the rainy season but could occur at any time of the year. 5.2 Risk area 5.2.1 Flood risks All districts are at risk from flooding. Apart from a rainy season, local risk factors, often present in combination, include: a) rivers, streams and drainage canals
32、; b) dams; c) steep topography; and d) cold climatic conditions. 5.2.2 Rivers, streams and drainage canals Rivers, streams and drainage canals are bodies of water that are often subject to overflowing. The size of a stream can often be misleading. High velocity flooding even at shallow depths can be
33、 dangerous and damaging. 5.2.3 Dams A large proportion of dams within the country pose a significant hazard to life and property if failure should occur. Structural failure of dams creates additional problems of increased water velocity and debris. 5.2.4 Steep topography Steep topography increases r
34、unoff water velocity and debris flow. Lack of vegetation to slow the runoff is another aggravating factor. SANS 10264-3:2009 Edition 2 7 5.2.5 Cold climatic conditions Flooding as a result of melting snow occurs infrequently in this country and is mainly restricted to the eastern mountain regions. 5
35、.3 Risk assessment Risk assessment for susceptibility to floods and flood level elevations will, in most cases, be a matter of historical record. 5.4 Estimation of vulnerable zones The work of the planning team shall be based on technical analysis by means of topographical contour maps and survey pl
36、ans, usually in consultation with an engineer. Alluvial fans are invariably classified as high-risk areas. 5.5 The flood and dam failure hazard-specific plan 5.5.1 Scope The scope shall briefly define the nature of the hazard, the vulnerable zones and the emergency services that will be employed in
37、the response operation. It shall also identify any regulatory requirements in the response phase. 5.5.2 Command structure Flood and dam failure will normally require the activation of the DMC. Where the following all-risk functions have been established (see SANS 10264-2), they shall be activated. A
38、 command structure shall be established in the event of any incident where life, property or the environment is threatened or impacted on to the extent that it may be a disaster. 5.5.3 Operational procedures 5.5.3.1 General The extent of the initial response will depend on the warning time, which va
39、ries with the cause of the flooding and the distance from the origin of the flooding. Intense storms may produce a local flood within minutes or a few hours, while downstream areas may have from 12 h to several weeks to prepare. Flash floods occur within 6 h of the beginning of heavy rainfall, and d
40、am failure may occur within hours of the first sign of breaching. Floods from snowmelts can take months to develop. 5.5.3.2 Floodfighting The following shall be taken into account: a) obtaining and keeping a list of dams and their locations; b) obtaining maps that identify the likely areas to be inu
41、ndated by flood waters; c) obtaining a labour force to perform floodfighting tasks, for example the filling and placing of sandbags; d) the organization of aerial and waterborne search and rescue operations, including provisions for the rescue of stranded animals and the disposal of dead ones; and e
42、) the inspection of structures that might have been weakened by water pressure and debris flows, identifying those structures that could be occupied and those that are to be condemned. SANS 10264-3:2009 Edition 2 8 5.5.3.3 Warning Depending on the nature of the flood, the activation of a warning coo
43、rdinator who might have to rely on volunteers for the constant monitoring of water levels may be required. If volunteer work is relied upon, the plan shall describe: a) the activation of network teams; b) the location of each team in the network; c) the type of information to be reported and the fre
44、quency of reporting; d) how warning information is passed on to the DMC and response organizations; and e) how the warning information will be disseminated as EPI. In the case of large dams with a management staff, provision shall be made for warning messages from the management to the DMC when an e
45、xcessively high runoff or dam failure threatens. This shall include coordination with the PIO to facilitate the timely warning to the population at risk. 5.5.3.4 Emergency public information 5.5.3.4.1 The population shall be educated on how to interpret a predicted flood level as it relates to their
46、 property, and shall be informed about loss-reduction measures that they can apply to their property. For flood emergencies that develop slowly enough to permit evacuation, the public shall be provided with information and instructions on: a) expected height of flood waters, and instructions on when
47、 to evacuate; b) where to obtain transportation assistance to evacuate; c) designated travel routes and departure times; d) status of road closures: the routes to be avoided due to inundation; e) what to take, and what not to take to shelters, including options available for pets; and f) location of
48、 mass care shelters and other assistance shelters. 5.5.3.4.2 As the response phase shifts to recovery, residents returning home shall be provided with information on safety precautions associated with: a) sanitary conditions; b) unsafe drinking water; and c) use of utilities. 5.5.3.5 Evacuation Prot
49、ective action decisions shall be based on the estimated time necessary for evacuation and the availability of shelter space above the estimated flood height. When complete evacuation is not feasible, citizens need to know where high ground is. When evacuation is feasible, planning shall have accounted for routes facing possible inundation. Consideration shall be given not only to critical facilities and custodial institutions but also to recreational areas prone to flooding. SANS 10264-3:2009 Edition 2 9 Particular attention shall be paid to critical facilities in low-
