1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-19773-5 SANS 1111:2008Edition 1.5Any reference to SABS 1111 is deemedto be a reference to this standard(Government Notice No. 1373 of 8 No
4、vember 2002)SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Coal-burning appliances (reduced smoke emission type) Amdt 1 Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 1111:2008 Edition 1.5 Table of c
5、hanges Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 1978 Amended to change the title, enlarge the scope to include water heaters and space heaters, amend the limits for smoke emission, requirements for fuel to be used, finish and marking add requirements for oven temperature indicators, and the method for lighting-
6、up of an appliance, and to amend certain methods. Amdt 2 1983 Amended to allow for an additional type of fuel, extend the requirements for marking, change a performance test and to change one definition. Amdt 3 1986 Amended to change the requirement for smoke emission. Amdt 4 1987 Amended to change
7、the endurance test. Amdt 5 2008 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to SANS standards and to update the definition of “acceptable” and a referenced standard. Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 1054, Paraffin-operated equipment, in accordan
8、ce with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in November 2008. This document supersedes SABS 1111:1976 (edition 1). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment Nos
9、 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. SANS 1111:2008 Edition 1.5 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope 3 2 Definitions . 3 3 Constructional requirements 4 4 Perfomance requirements . 7 5 Marking and instructions 8 6 Sampling and compliance with the specification 9 7 Inspection and methods of test 9 7.1 Inspection . 9 7.2 C
10、onditions of test 10 7.3 Test for heat distribution over the cooking surface of a stove . 11 Amdt 1 7.4 Test on the simmering area of a stove 12 Amdt 1 7.5 Oven performance tests . 12 Amdt 1 7.6 Output of heat exchangers 13 Amdt 1 7.7 Smoke emission . 14 7.8 Endurance test . 16 7.9 Mechanical streng
11、th tests . 16 Appendix A Applicable standards . 17 Appendix B Notes to purchasers . 17 SANS 1111:2008 Edition 1.5 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 1111:2008 Edition 1.5 3 Coal-burning appliances (reduced smoke emission type) Amdt 1 1 Scope 1.1 This specification covers the constructional
12、 and performance requirements for coal-burning appliances of three types (see 3.3.1) that are free-standing and that operate with the minimum of smoke emission. Amdt 1 NOTE a) The titles of standards referred to by number in the specification are given in appendix A. b) Requirements that must be spe
13、cified by the purchaser are listed in appendix B. c) In the procedure for obtaining a sample for testing when compliance of a lot (consignment) of appliances is assessed, provision has been included for the use, when acceptable, of a prototype (see 6.1.2(b) and 7.1). 2 Definitions 2.1 For the purpos
14、es of this specification the following definitions shall apply: acceptable acceptable to the authority administering this standard, or to the parties concluding the purchase contract, as relevant Amdt 2; amdt 5 appliance a free-standing appliance of a type described in 3.3.1 Amdt 1 coal bituminous c
15、oal or anthracite Amdt 2 defective an appliance that fails, in one or more respects, to comply with the relevant requirements of the specification heat exchanger a water heating unit suitable for connecting, by means of water piping, to an external hot water storage tank Amdt 1 lot not less than 5 a
16、nd not more than 100 appliances of the same type, design, construction, and operation (continuous or intermittent), from one manufacturer, submitted at any one time for inspection and testing SANS 1111:2008 Edition 1.5 4 3 Constructional requirements 3.1 General The construction and the assembly of
17、an appliance and of all its components shall be acceptable and in accordance with all reasonable concepts of safety, strength, and durability and such that, when the appliance is tested in accordance with 7.9.1, no part of it shows any deflection in excess of 2 mm or any sign of permanent sagging, c
18、racking, buckling, warping, or bulging. Amdt 2; amdt 4 3.2 Materials 3.2.1 Cast iron Cast iron used in the manufacture of an appliance shall be such that the castings comply with the requirements for grade 200 of SANS 1034, or shall be a cast iron of equivalent (or better) quality. Amdt 1 3.2.2 Othe
19、r materials Any other material used in the construction of an appliance shall be of such quality and thickness as to withstand (without cracking, twisting, warping, buckling, or other permanent damage) the operating conditions to which it will be subjected in normal service. 3.3 Type, operation, and
20、 design 3.3.1 Type The appliance shall be of one of the following types, as specified by the purchaser: Amdt 1 a) A water heater of the heat exchanger type. Amdt 1 b) A space heater. Amdt 1 c) A stove. The cooking surface shall include a simmering area and shall be of sufficient size to accommodate
21、the number of utensils specified by the purchaser and, when so specified by the purchaser, shall incorporate any or all of the following: 1) a heat exchanger; 2) one or more ovens. Amdt 1 3.3.2 Operation An appliance shall be so designed as to operate on a commercially available grade (large nuts, n
22、uts, or peas, etc.) of either bituminous coal or anthracite, as specified by the manufacturer. Appliances shall be designed either for continuous or for intermittent operation. Amdt 1; amdt 2 3.3.3 Design The design shall be such that a) all components (such as grates, dampers, etc.) that may requir
23、e cleaning or normal servicing by the user are readily accessible; SANS 1111:2008 Edition 1.5 5 b) parts that are not permanently secured or are intended to be removed in use or for the purpose of cleaning and adjustment are easily replaced correctly but are difficult to assemble incorrectly; and c)
24、 when an appliance is installed correctly, it is not easily overturned, and removable parts are not liable to be inadvertently dislodged in normal use. 3.4 Combustion chambers and associated components 3.4.1 Combustion chambers Combustion chambers shall be of refractory bricks or other acceptable fi
25、re resistant material. 3.4.2 Grates Grates shall be of durable construction and capable of withstanding (without cracking, warping, buckling, or other permanent damage) the heat to which they will be subjected in normal service. Bottom grates shall incorporate a de-ashing mechanism. Amdt 1 3.4.3 Ash
26、 pans and ash pits a) Ash pans shall be of robust construction and shaped to receive ash from the bottom grates with the minimum of spillage. The capacity of the ash pan shall be such that the pan is capable of so storing all the ash produced during the 6 h heating period (see 7.2.3(e) that there is
27、 no undue spillage when the pan is removed from the ash pit. Amdt 1 b) The ash pit shall be such that there is no spillage of ash during normal use of the stove. 3.4.4 Dampers a) A damper shall have a good fit with the body of the stove and shall operate freely and smoothly. When the safe and satisf
28、actory operation of a stove is dependent on the adjustment of the damper-operating mechanism, the mechanism shall be marked to indicate its function. b) The design or functioning (or both) of a main flue damper shall be such that the flue gas route to the main flue cannot be completely closed and th
29、at when a damper is in the fully shut position there is, under all conditions, an unadjustable open area that is large enough to prevent the products of combustion from flowing back through the fuel box. 3.4.5 Fuel boxes The capacity of the fuel box shall be such that during the 6 h heating period (
30、see 7.2.3(e) the interval between successive necessary refuellings is at least 2 h. Amdt 1 3.5 Top plates (covers) Removable top plates (covers) shall be such that they cannot be firmly placed in other than the correct position. 3.6 Ovens Amdt 1 3.6.1 General An oven shall be so constructed as to fa
31、cilitate cleaning of all its internal surfaces. Each oven shall be provided with at least one removable rack and shall have, on each side of the oven, at least two rack supports that are suitably spaced over the height of the oven, and are so arranged that a rack can be easily withdrawn completely.
32、SANS 1111:2008 Edition 1.5 6 3.6.2 Racks Racks shall be such that there is free circulation of air between the underside and the top of each rack. Their strength shall be such that, when a rack is tested in accordance with 7.9.4, the mass does not slip off the rack, and any distortion or permanent s
33、et caused by the load does not impair the operation of the rack. 3.6.3 Doors a) Doors may be of single-wall construction, and may incorporate an inspection window of glass of such quality and thickness as will withstand, without cracking, blurring, or other permanent damage, the normal heat to which
34、 it will be subjected in service. b) Each door shall be equipped with a device to keep it firmly closed. c) A drop door shall be capable of being opened to a position where the inner face is within 5 of the horizontal plane, and shall remain in this position under the action of its own weight. A dro
35、p door shall, in addition, be such that, when it is tested in accordance with 7.9.2(a), any deflection of the door does not exceed 3 mm, and when it is tested in accordance with 7.9.2(b), there is no sign of tipping of the appliance and any permanent deflection of the door does not exceed 3 mm.Amdt
36、1 d) A swing door shall open far enough to allow for the easy removal of the racks and, when it is loaded in accordance with 7.9.3, there shall be no sign of tipping of the appliance, or of cracking, warping, or buckling of any component. 3.6.4 Temperature indicator Amdt 1 When so specified by the p
37、urchaser, an oven shall be furnished with an indicator of acceptable quality that is calibrated to indicate the temperature at the centre of the oven to within 20 C. Amdt 1 3.7 Heat exchanger A heat exchanger shall be of mild steel of thickness at least 4 mm or cast iron of thickness at least 6 mm.
38、All pipe connections shall have a thread of nominal size at least 20 mm and that complies with the requirements of SANS 1306-1. Amdt 3; amdt 5 3.8 Workmanship and finish Appliances shall have an acceptable appearance and a neat finish, all exposed surfaces shall be easily cleanable, edges and corner
39、s shall be smooth, and any ornamental trimmings shall be such that they will not easily break, dent, or warp. Surface finishes (baked enamel, vitreous enamel, chromium plating, etc.) shall be acceptably applied and of acceptable quality. Castings shall be free from porosity, dents, buckles, blow-hol
40、es, and jagged edges. Welds shall present a neat appearance, shall show no pronounced humps or craters, and shall be substantially free from overlap, under-cut, porosity, and trapped slag. There shall be no cracks in the weld metal or the heat-affected zone. Amdt 1 3.9 Tools Each appliance shall be
41、supplied with a tool to operate the shaking mechanism of the bottom grate(s), and with any tool(s) required for the removal of top plates (covers) and for the normal cleaning and servicing of components such as grates and dampers. SANS 1111:2008 Edition 1.5 7 4 Performance requirements 4.1 Smoke emi
42、ssion The rate of smoke emission of an appliance shall be such that, when obscuration is measured in accordance with 7.7, both before and after the endurance test given in 7.8, Amdt 1 a) the average value does not exceed 15 % during Amdt 1 1) the 20 min immediately after lighting-up, and Amdt 1 2) t
43、he 10 min immediately after refuelling. Amdt 1 b) the average value does not exceed 60 % during, Amdt 1; amdt 3 1) for stoves, the 2 min period, and Amdt 1; amdt 3 2) for space heaters, the 5 min period, Amdt 1; amdt 3 of greatest smoke emission in (a)(1) and, when relevant, in (a)(2) above; and Amd
44、t 1; amdt 3 c) the maximum value during any other period of the test cycle, does not exceed 10 %. Amdt 1 4.2 Heat distribution 4.2.1 Cooking surface The heat distribution over a cooking surface shall be such that, when the appliance is tested in accordance with 7.3, the periods required for the temp
45、erature of the water to rise to 90 C do not exceed the appropriate of the following: a) Appliances for intermittent operation 1) During the lighting-up period: 15 min 2) During the cooking period: Average 10 min and individual 15 min b) Appliances for continuous operation 1) During the lighting-up a
46、nd the revival periods: As in (a)(1) above 2) During both cooking periods: As in (a)(2) above 4.2.2 Simmering area Amdt 1 The heat distribution over a simmering area during the 6 h heating period and (when relevant) the 4 h heating period (see 7.2.3) shall be such that the stove passes the test in 7
47、.4. Amdt 1 4.2.3 Ovens Amdt 1 When a stove having an oven or ovens is tested in accordance with 7.5, Amdt 1 a) the periods required for the oven(s) to reach temperatures of 200 C and 250 C shall not exceed 1 h and 2 h respectively; and SANS 1111:2008 Edition 1.5 8 b) the heat distribution in the ove
48、n(s) shall be such that the results of the baking test are as follows: 1) Scones. The scones rise to a height of at least 25 mm, are properly cooked, and are evenly browned at the top and at the bottom. 2) Bread. The loaves are evenly risen, and have a uniform texture that is neither too close nor t
49、oo open, a golden colour (that is uniform except for slight deepening of the colour on top), and a crust of thickness not exceeding 3 mm. 3) Plate tart. Both the upper and the lower crusts are well cooked and evenly browned (with no sign of burning) and the fruit is cooked through. 4.3 Output of water heaters Amdt 1 The total output of a water heater, determined in accordance with 7.6, shall be Amdt 1 a) for a water heater built into a stove, at least 60 MJ, and Amdt 1 b) for a free standing water heater, as specified by the purchaser. Amdt 1 4.4 Method of lighting-up Amdt 1 The m
