1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-23193-4 SANS 17577:2010Edition 1ISO 17577:2006Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Steel Ultrasonic testing for steel flat products of
4、 thickness equal to or greater than 6 mm This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 17577:2006 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001
5、Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 17577:2010 Edition 1 ISO 17577:2006 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 135, Engineering materials Non-destructive testing, in acco
6、rdance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in March 2010. Reference numberISO 17577:2006(E)ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO17577First edition2006-09-15Steel Ultrasonic testing for steel flat products
7、of thickness equal to or greater than 6 mm Aciers Contrle ultrasonore des produits plats en acier dpaisseur gale ou suprieure 6 mm SANS 17577:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 17577:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file m
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10、ion parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless
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12、yright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reservedSANS 17577:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of
13、the SABS .ISO 17577:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle. 2 5 Personnel. 2 6 Testing system 3 6.1 General requirements. 3 6.2 Manual-testing instrument. 3 6.3 Automated testing system. 3 6.4 Pe
14、rformance of electronic equipment 4 6.5 Probes 4 6.6 Coupling medium 5 7 Procedure 5 7.1 Inspection timing 5 7.2 Scanning plan . 5 7.2.1 General. 5 7.2.2 Testing of the flat-product body 5 7.2.3 Testing of the edges of the flat products . 6 7.3 Scanning condition. 6 7.4 Sensitivity and range setting
15、. 6 8 Determination of the discontinuity size 8 8.1 Testing the flat-product body 8 8.1.1 Testing with dual-element probes. 8 8.1.2 Testing with single-element probes 8 8.2 Testing the edges . 8 9 Acceptance criteria. 9 10 Test report . 9 Bibliography . 12 SANS 17577:2010This s tandard may only be u
16、sed and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 17577:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internati
17、onal Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with IS
18、O, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical co
19、mmittees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the
20、 possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17577 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 7, Methods of testing (other than mechanical t
21、ests and chemical analysis). SANS 17577:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17577:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1Steel Ultrasonic testing for steel flat products of thickness equal to or great
22、er than 6 mm 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the automated and/or manual ultrasonic testing of uncoated steel flat products for internal discontinuities by the reflection method. It is applicable to non-alloyed or alloyed steel flat products, in a nominal thickness range o
23、f 6 mm to 200 mm. However, this standard may be applied to austenitic and austenitic-ferritic steels, provided that the difference between the amplitude of the noise signal and that of the echo detection threshold is sufficient for the limit fixed. Unless otherwise agreed, for testing of steel flat
24、products for welded steel tubes, ISO 12094 applies. Other methods of testing (e.g. by transmission) or other test equipment may be used at the manufacturers discretion, provided that they give identical results to those obtained under the conditions of this standard. In the event of a dispute, only
25、the method defined in this standard will prevail. Testing of flat products, of thickness less than 6 mm and over 200 mm, may be the subject of special agreements between the parties concerned. The inspection is normally carried out in the place of production or on the premises of the supplier. 2 Nor
26、mative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9712, Non-destructive testi
27、ng Qualification and certification of personnel ISO 12094, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes Ultrasonic testing for the detection of laminar imperfections in strips/plates used in the manufacture of welded tubes 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms an
28、d definitions apply. 3.1 internal discontinuity any imperfection lying within the thickness of the flat products, e.g. planar or laminar imperfection, single-plane or multi-plane inclusion bands or clusters 3.2 defect unacceptable internal discontinuities, i.e. exceeding the specified maximum size o
29、r population density limits 3.3 population density number of individual internal discontinuities of a size greater than a specified minimum size and less than a specified maximum size per specified area of body or length of edge zone SANS 17577:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by appr
30、oved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 17577:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved3.4 manual and assisted manual testing testing by an operator applying an ultrasonic probe to the flat-product surface, manually executing the appropriate scanning pattern on the flat-product surfa
31、ce and visually assessing ultrasonic signal indications on the electronic equipment screen either by direct viewing or by built-in signal amplitude alarm devices 3.5 automated and semi-automated testing testing using a mechanized means of applying the ultrasonic probe or probes to the flat-product s
32、urface and executing the appropriate scanning pattern, together with ultrasonic signal evaluation by electronic means NOTE Such testing can be either fully automated with no operator involvement or semi-automated when the operator performs basic equipment operation functions. 3.6 dead zone zone to b
33、e measured as the point of time base where the transmitted pulse or surface echo drops to less than 20 % of screen height under the specified test sensitivity. 4 Principle The method used is based on the reflection of ultrasonic waves (generally longitudinal), the mean direction of which is perpendi
34、cular to the main surface of the flat products. The examination consists of the following: a) Locating any discontinuity by comparing the amplitude of the discontinuity echo with the amplitude of the echo of a flat-bottomed hole of a given diameter and located at the same depth as the discontinuity.
35、 NOTE Only those discontinuities giving an echo height exceeding in amplitude that of the echo obtained with the reference flat-bottomed hole are taken into consideration. b) Then determining its area, the contour of the discontinuity being defined by the positions of the center of the probe corresp
36、onding to an echo amplitude of half the maximum amplitude of the discontinuity under consideration (6 dB method). The examination is carried out during the first ultrasonic scan for all the flat-product thicknesses and from one side only. In the case of automated testing, the location of a discontin
37、uity and the determination of its area can be realized using different algorithms together with high scanning density. In case of dispute, the 6 dB technique in 8.1.1 should be used. 5 Personnel Testing shall be carried out by qualified personnel under the responsibility of a Level 3 individual, cer
38、tified in accordance with ISO 9712 or an appropriate national/regional standard. NOTE Examples of appropriate standards are listed in the Bibliography. SANS 17577:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 17577:2006(E) ISO 2006
39、All rights reserved 36 Testing system 6.1 General requirements a) The normal beam technique and the reflection technique shall be used for the ultrasonic testing method. b) The apparatus shall be equipped with time-base regulation and the gain control shall be calibrated in decibels. c) The electron
40、ic equipment shall be appropriate for the ultrasonic probes and frequencies used. d) The transmitted pulse repetition frequency shall be appropriate for the applied scanning speed. e) The apparatus shall detect the ultrasonic signals of internal discontinuities by using a gate function. The output s
41、ignal shall be provided for devices like display monitor or recording equipment. f) The coupling medium shall ensure an adequate contact between the probe and the surface of the flat products and maintain sufficient coupling. 6.2 Manual-testing instrument The instrument shall be equipped with an A-s
42、can display monitor that allows the assessment of the path of ultrasonic waves in the flat products. The oscillograms shall be clearly visible, the peaks corresponding to the successive echoes being sharp and very clear. 6.3 Automated testing system The automated testing system shall be equipped wit
43、h the following: a) a suitable mechanical means for scanning the surface of flat products with a defined density; b) probe holders which are capable of following the surface contour of a flat product to be tested, in order to maintain straight incidence; c) appropriate electronics including, for exa
44、mple, transmitters, receivers, multiplexer, gates, display monitor, as well as a means for data collection; d) appropriate means for signal evaluation, recording (e.g. mapping) and storing; e) means for calibration of the equipment (i.e. sensitivity, time base and gate position), for example, by the
45、 use of reference blocks, input of artificial signals, input of distance-amplitude curves (DAC) or input of stored calibration files; f) means for control of pulse repetition frequency related to the scanning speed; g) means for coupling and function check (e.g. by surveillance of back-wall echo); h
46、) function to indicate the location of discontinuities from the edge of flat products (printer, recorder or display). SANS 17577:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 17577:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reserved6.4 Performan
47、ce of electronic equipment The electronic equipment shall have the following performance. a) Linearity Linear amplifiers: The deviation of the vertical linearity shall not exceed 1 dB in any part of a 20 dB span. Logarithmic amplifiers: The deviation of the vertical linearity shall not exceed 1 dB i
48、n any part of a 20 dB span and 2 dB in any part of a 60 dB span. Horizontal linearity: The deviation of the horizontal linearity shall not exceed 2 % of the testing range. The vertical linearity shall be checked at least once a year, unless the conditions dictate a higher frequency of checking. The
49、results of all checks shall be recorded. b) Dead zone The dead zone of single-element probes shall be as small as possible, i.e. max. 15 % of the thickness of the flat products or 15 mm, whichever is the smaller. For product thicknesses less than 10 mm, their dead zone shall be less than or equal to 1,5 mm. 6.5 Probes The probes shall be single-element probes, dual-element probes or multiple dual-element probes, depending on the thickness of the flat products as given in Table 1. Table 1 Type of probe Specified thick
