1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22577-3 SANS 22514-3:2009 Edition 1 ISO 22514-3:2008 Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Statistical methods in process management Ca
4、pability and performance Part 3: Machine performance studies for measured data on discrete parts This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 22514-3:2008 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1
5、 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 22514-3:2009 Edition 1 ISO 22514-3:2008 Edition 1 Table of changes Cha
6、nge No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 169, Applications of statistical methods, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in
7、 March 2009. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS. Reference number ISO 22514-3:2008(E) ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22514-3 First edition 2008-02-15 Statistical methods in process management Capability and performance Part 3:
8、Machine performance studies for measured data on discrete parts Mthodes statistiques dans la gestion de processus Aptitude et performance Partie 3: tudes de performance de machines pour des donnes mesures sur des parties discrtes SANS 22514-3:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approve
9、d subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 22514-3:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and insta
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12、lease inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfil
13、m, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008
14、All rights reservedSANS 22514-3:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 22514-3:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Symbols and abbreviations . 1 3 Pre-conditions for a
15、pplication. 2 4 Data collection 3 5 Analysis . 4 6 Reporting . 14 7 Actions following a machine performance study 16 Annex A (informative) Tables and worksheets . 17 Annex B (informative) Computer analysis of data 20 Bibliography . 23 SANS 22514-3:2009This standard may only be used and printed by ap
16、proved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 22514-3:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is no
17、rmally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
18、 the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepa
19、re International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that so
20、me of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 22514-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 69, Applications of statistical methods, Subcommittee SC 4, Applications of statistical met
21、hods in process management. ISO 22514 consists of the following parts, under the general title Statistical methods in process management Capability and performance: Part 1: General principles and concepts Part 3: Machine performance studies for measured data on discrete parts Part 4: Process capabil
22、ity estimates and performance measures Technical Report In the future, it is planned to revise ISO 21747:2006 (Statistical methods Process performance and capability statistics for measured quality characteristics) as Part 2. NOTE ISO 22514-3 was initially prepared as ISO/DIS 13700. It was renumbere
23、d before publication to include it in the ISO 22514 series. SANS 22514-3:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 22514-3:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved v Introduction This part of ISO 22514 has been prepared to provide gui
24、dance in circumstances where a study is necessary to determine if the output from a machine, for example, is acceptable according to some criteria. Such circumstances are common in engineering when the purpose for the study is part of an acceptance trial. These studies may also be used when diagnosi
25、s is required concerning a machines current level of performance or as part of a problem solving effort. The method is very versatile and has been applied to many situations. Machine performance studies of this type provide information about the behaviour of a machine under very restricted condition
26、s such as limiting, as far as possible, external sources of variation that are commonplace within a process, e.g. multi-factor and multi-level situations. The data gathered in a study might come from items made consecutively, although this may be altered according to the study requirements. The data
27、 are assumed to have been, generally, gathered manually. The study procedure and reporting will be of interest to engineers, supervisors and management wishing to establish whether a machine should be purchased or put in for maintenance, to assist in problem solving or to understand the level of var
28、iation due to the machine itself. SANS 22514-3:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 22514-3:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD I
29、SO 22514-3:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1 Statistical methods in process management Capability and performance Part 3: Machine performance studies for measured data on discrete parts 1 Scope This part of ISO 22514 prescribes the steps to be taken in conducting short-term performance studies
30、that are typically performed on machines where parts produced consecutively under repeatability conditions are considered. The number of observations to be analysed will vary according to the patterns the data produce, or if the runs (the rate at which items are produced) on the machine are low in q
31、uantity. The methods are not recommended where the sample size produced is less than 30 observations. Methods to be used for handling the data and carrying out the calculations are described. In addition, machine performance indices and the actions required at the conclusion of a machine performance
32、 study are described. The document is not applicable when tool wear patterns are expected to be present during the duration of the study, nor if autocorrelation between observations is present. The situation where a machine has captured the data, sometimes thousands of data points collected in a min
33、ute, is not considered suitable for the application of this part of ISO 22514. 2 Symbols and abbreviations P mmachine performance index P mkminimum machine performance index P mkLlower machine performance index P mkUupper machine performance index f frequency f cumulative frequency i subscript used
34、to identify values of a variable L lower specification limit N total sample size X % % distribution fractile X ii th value in a sample SANS 22514-3:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 22514-3:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights re
35、served standard deviation, population S standard deviation, sample statistic, () 2 1 1 N i i XX S N = = U upper specification limit z fractile of the standardized normal distribution from to population mean value in relation to the machine location X arithmetic mean value, sample, 1 N i i X X N = =
36、GRR gauge repeatability and reproducibility 2 fractile of the Chi-square distribution 3 Pre-conditions for application 3.1 General The pre-conditions given below are the minimum and may be exceeded when needed. In this type of study, it is important to maintain constant all factors, other than the m
37、achine, which will influence the results, if the study is to properly represent the machine itself, e.g. the same operator, same batch of material, etc. 3.2 Number of parts to be used in the study The number specified will usually be 100. However, if the pattern of variation is expected to form a no
38、n-normal distribution, the number of parts should be at least 100. The methods given within this part of ISO 22514 may also be used when conducting audits of a process, in which case the number of measurements taken might be less than the above number, e.g. 50. NOTE 1 This is to ensure that a reason
39、ably narrow confidence interval can be calculated for the machine performance indices when a normal distribution has been used. The interval will be approximately 12 % of the estimated index with a confidence of 90 % for samples of 100. Some machines have very slow cycle times and a “run” cannot pro
40、duce 100 parts. In such circumstances, it will be necessary to proceed with available data. The minimum number that this part of ISO 22514 recommends with the methods described herein is 30. NOTE 2 Special techniques beyond the scope of this part of ISO 22514 exist for circumstances when there are f
41、ewer samples. By contrast, a machine that produces parts at a very high rate, e.g. a rivet-making machine, the sampling strategy may require alteration since 100 parts will be produced in a few seconds. In circumstances such as these, several studies may be required each allowing a different samplin
42、g approach to examine the machines behaviour. SANS 22514-3:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 22514-3:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3 3.3 Materials to be used Ensure all input materials to be used in the study have b
43、een checked, conform to specifications and belong to the same batches. It is not advised that a study be conducted with materials that are outside specification since this could lead to unrepresentative results. Care should be exercised not to introduce any other sources of variation other than thos
44、e to be studied. A typical example is where a machine run has to change to another batch of a particular material within a single process batch, and batch material variation is not included in the study. In this instance, only data taken while the first batch of that particular material was in use s
45、hould be used in the analysis. 3.4 Measurement system Ensure the measurement system to be used during the study has adequate properties, is calibrated and the measurement system variation has been quantified and minimized. Special studies on the measurement system should be undertaken to establish t
46、he amount of variation present due to measuring. The measurement system should ideally have a combined gauge repeatability and reproducibility (GRR) of less than 10 % of the process spread of the characteristic that the machine study is to investigate as determined through a properly conducted measu
47、rement system analysis. This analysis should address issues of bias, stability, linearity and discrimination, as well as GRR. It may be appropriate to express the GRR as a percentage of a given specification tolerance. If the measurement system has between 10 % and 30 % GRR, it may still be regarded
48、 as acceptable dependant upon application. If it exceeds 30 %, the measurement system should be regarded as inappropriate. In addition, the measurement system should have a measurement uncertainty appreciably less than the tolerance or of the expected total variation of the characteristic, if known,
49、 as indicated above. Should a study be performed using a measurement system with a performance worse than these requirements, some erroneous conclusions to the study might be reached. 3.5 Running the study Ensure an uninterrupted run takes place, under normal operating conditions. This will include any warm-up time for the machine necessary to bring it up to its usual operating condition and with the machine set at nominal for the characteristic to be studied. If the machine is stopped during th
