1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 24 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The Art of UnhappinessMany things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet the
2、y choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasnt always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went f
3、rom Wordsworths Daffodils to Baudelaires Flowers of Evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But its not as if earlier times didnt know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the o
4、pposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all; what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of antihappy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which h
5、appiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worsh
6、ippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors
7、, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agendato lure us to open our walletsthey make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!“ Commanded the ads for the arthritis
8、 drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forgetwhat our economy depends on us forgettingis that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, sur
9、rounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette,yet,somehow,a breath of fresh
10、 air.1 By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that_.（A）poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music（B） art grows out of both positive and negative feelings（C） poets today are less skeptical of happiness（D）artists have changed their focus of i
11、nterest2 The word “bummer“ (Line 10, Para. 5) most probably means something_.（A）religious（B） unpleasant（C） entertaining（D）commercial3 In the authors opinion, advertising_.（A）emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art（B） is a cause of disappointment for the general public（C） replaces the church as a m
12、ajor source of information（D）creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself4 We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes_.（A）happiness more often than not ends in sadness（B） the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing（C） misery should be enjoyed rather than deni
13、ed（D）the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms5 Which of the following is TRUE of the text?（A）Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.（B） Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.（C） People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.（D）Mass media are inclined
14、to cover disasters and deaths.5 TB Continues to ThriveThousands of years after Tuberculosis ravaged ancient cultures stretching from Greece to Egypt, more than a century after the bacillus responsible for the disease was first identified and decades after the first antibiotic based treatments appear
15、ed, TB continues to thrive. In 2005 the disease was diagnosed in 9. 2 million more people, almost exclusively in the developing world, and 1. 7 million people died from it. More alarming is a growing subset of TB cases, estimated at half a million, that are resistant to more than one of the handful
16、of anti-TB drugs. While they still make up only 5% of the total annual TB burden, these cases of multidrug resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB are mushrooming, fueled by the surge in AIDS and by health-care systems that have ignored the threat of TB for too long.But it doesnt have to be this
17、 way. TB is an entirely preventable and treatable disease. And the drug-resistant strains beginning to emerge in Africa, Russia, China and India, say experts, are epidemics of our own making. Unlike HIV, the tubercle bacillus succumbs to powerful medications. But these drugs are not where they need
18、to be, and when they are, spotty monitoring and poor health infrastructure make it hard to ensure that patients take their daily doses for six months that are needed to eradicate the infectionall of which encourages drug-resistant strains to survive and keep the disease going. “We are still in denia
19、l about how bad this problem is and how much worse its going to get,“ says Dr. Jim Kim, head of social medicine at Harvard Medical School.Over the past five months, James Nachtwey has documented the resurgence of TB in seven countries. Turning back the epidemic will require not just newer and more e
20、ffective drugs but also better ways to detect the disease and a renewed commitment to expanding existing TB-treatment programs. In June the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended a new, rapid test for TB that can provide results in as little as two days. But for most TB-ravaged nations, adoptin
21、g the technique will require upgrading lab facilities.Thats not easy, but its something WHO hopes will ultimately help these countries battle not just TB but other infectious diseases as well. TB bacilli have adapted over millenniums; to control the scourge, we must adapt too.6 Which of the followin
22、g is true according to the first paragraph?（A）Greece and Egypt have been ravaged by Tuberculosis for thousands of years.（B） The bacillus responsible for TB was first identified in 2005.（C） Up to now no effective TB drugs have ever been developed.（D）Most TB patients are from the developing world.7 We
23、 may infer from the first paragraph that_.（A）more and more TB patients become resistant to the few anti-TB drugs（B） 5% of the total TB patients die annually（C） people who get AIDS will inevitably get TB（D）people who get TB will inevitably get AIDS8 Which of the following countries suffers from TB at
24、 present?（A）Egypt.（B） America.（C） Russia.（D）Greece.9 Which of the following is true according to the passage?（A）TB cannot be entirely prevented and treated.（B） HIV succumbs to powerful medications.（C） To eradicate TB, patients need to take their daily doses for six months.（D）TB resurges only in seve
25、n countries.10 Which of the following is the best title for this passage?（A）The Relationship Between TB and AIDS（B） The Effort of WHO（C） The Cases of Multidrug-resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant TB（D）The Forgotten Plague10 The Functions and Development of the Community Health WorkersAIDS can k
26、ill by disgrace even when lifesaving medical treatment is available. Until recently, an HIV-infected woman in Sauri, Kenya, was discouraged by her husband, also HIV-infected, from seeking medical care because of his fear of disgrace. All too often, death quickly ensues in such cases. But not in this
27、 one. Husband and wife were saved by Mary Wasonga, a fellow villager recently trained to be a community health worker by the Millennium Village Project, which is helping more than 400,000 people in dozens of African communities fight extreme poverty, hunger and disease. Wasonga visited the couple an
28、d encouraged them to get home based HIV testing and counseling, and then helped them enroll in a treatment program. Indeed, she and the 82 other community health workers in Sauri have helped thousands of villagers do the same.These workers also attend to women in labor who need urgent transport to a
29、 delivery room, individuals too weakened by cholera to get to a clinic, children with malaria and many others. They do this with one year of on the job training that builds on at least some secondary education. That basic training is enough to save lives in vast numbers.Across Africa, Asia and Latin
30、 America, programs are under way that are reminiscent of Chinas successful use of village-based health workersthe so-called barefoot doctorsa few decades ago, but todays workers have even better health-care tools. The mother of all community health efforts is Indias National Rural Health Mission. In
31、itiated by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and spearheaded by the young, dynamic Minister of Health, Dr. Anbumani Ramadoss, the program has, in just over three years, mobilized more than half a million new community health workers, each known as an ASHAshort for “accredited social health activist“, an
32、d the Hindi word for hope.Technology companies and foundations are also joining the effort to support community health workers. Mobile-phone giant Ericsson is empowering these workers with phones and support systems for training, reporting vital statistics and calling ambulances, among other service
33、s. In India, Satyam Computer Services and other organizations have partnered with the state government of Andhra Pradesh to provide emergency-response coverage for 80 million people. The Gates Foundation is similarly stepping up its programs of mobile-phone-based health delivery.In the coming years,
34、 community health workers can support a breakthrough in the decisive control of many devastating diseases. The rich world can help through expanded financial support for community health workers and training programs by its universities. And the U.S. can learn something from these programs: we too n
35、eed to enlist more community workers to help our own poor and vulnerable.11 In the first paragraph, why did the husband discourage his wife from getting medical care?（A）Because he wanted to die with his wife together.（B） Because he knew no medical was effective.（C） Because he was afraid of being des
36、pised by others.（D）Because no one offered help to him.12 From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that_.（A）the medical treatment is not enough for saving HIV-infected people（B） higher education is necessary to become a community health worker（C） community health workers only help HIV-infected peo
37、ple（D）AIDS is incurable without community health workers13 According to the third paragraph, Indias National Rural Health Mission_.（A）was initiated by Indias Minister of Health（B） was spearheaded by Indias Prime Minister（C） was based on barefoot doctors（D）was the origin of all community health effor
38、ts14 We can learn from this passage that_.（A）Mary Wasonga saved Kenya and her husband because they are her fellow villagers（B） Chinese doctors are all barefooted（C） the U. S. need to enlist Indian community workers to help American people（D）not only governments but also companies offer great help to
39、 support community health workers15 It can be inferred from this passage that_.（A）it is disgraceful to be HIV-infected（B） the education of community health workers is poor（C） todays community health workers have better health-care tools（D）community health workers are decisive in the control of many
40、devastating diseases15 The Relationship Between Our Personality and SiblingsFor a long time, researchers have tried to nail down just what shapes usor what, at least, shapes us most. And over the years, theyve had a lot of finding moments. First it was our parents, particularly our mothers. Then it
41、was our genes. Next it was our peers, who show up last but hold great sway. And all those ideas were good onesbut only as far as they went.The fact is once investigators had exposed all the data from those theories, they still came away with as many questions as answers. Somewhere, there was a sort
42、of temperamental dark matter exerting an invisible gravitational pull of its own. More and more, scientists are concluding that this unexplained force is our siblings.From the time they are born, our brothers and sisters are our collaborators and coconspirators, our role models and cautionary tales.
43、 They are our scolds, protectors, goads, tormentors, playmates, counselors, sources of envy, objects of pride. They teach us how to resolve conflicts and how not to; how to conduct friendships and when to walk away from them. Sisters teach brothers about the mysteries of girls; brothers teach sister
44、s about the puzzle of boys. Our spouses arrive comparatively late in our lives; our parents eventually leave us. Our siblings may be the only people well ever know who truly qualify as partners for life. “Siblings,“ says family sociologist Katherine Conger, “are with us for the whole journey.“Within
45、 the scientific community, siblings have not been wholly ignored, but research has been limited mostly to discussions of birth order. Older sibs were said to be strivers; younger ones rebels; middle kids the lost souls.The stereotypes were broad, if not entirely untrue, and there the discussion most
46、ly ended. But all thats changing. At research centers in the U. S. , Canada, Europe and elsewhere, investigators are launching a wealth of new studies into the sibling dynamic, looking at ways brothers and sisters steer one another intoor away fromrisky behavior; how they form a protective buffer ag
47、ainst family upheaval; how they educate one another about the opposite sex; how all siblings compete for family recognition and come to terms over such impossibly charged issues as parental favoritism.From that research, scientists are gaining intriguing insights into the people we become as adults.
48、 Does the manager who runs a congenial office call on the peacemaking skills learned in the family playroom? Do husbands and wives benefit from the inter-gender negotiations they waged when their most important partners were their sisters and brothers? All that is under investigation. “Siblings have
49、 just been off the radar screen until now,“ says Conger. But today serious work is revealing exactly how our brothers and sisters influence us.16 What can be inferred from the last sentence of para. 1 ?（A）Previous findings revealed what shapes us.（B） Previous findings were accurate and trustworthy.（C） Previous findings contributed in a limited way.（D）Previous findings went too far in explanation.17 The word “siblings“ (Line 8, Para.2) most probably means_.（A）parents（B） gen
