1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22629-9 SANS 3001-AG2:2009Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Civil engineering test methods Part AG2: Determination of the average l
4、east dimension of aggregates by direct measurement Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 3001-AG2:2009 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Acknowledgement The SAB
5、S Standards Division wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance of the Committee of Transport Officials (COTO) and the South African National Roads Agency Limited (SANRAL). Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 59E, Construction standards Roads, in accord
6、ance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in February 2009. This document supersedes TMH1-B18(a):1986 (second edition). SANS 3001 consists of various parts under the general title Civil engineering test metho
7、ds. Parts AG in the SANS 3001 series contain methods for testing aggregates. NOTE Parts are in course of preparation. Introduction This part of SANS 3001 is used to determine the average least dimension (ALD) of aggregates for use in surface seals. The ALD values are used in the design of the bitume
8、n and stone application rates. The test was originally developed and used during the middle of the 20th century based on work done by FM Hanson on the design of bituminous seals. SANS 3001-AG3 may be used to determine the ALD by computation. This part of SANS 3001 is classified as Group: A, Rating:
9、3, Activity: AG, in accordance with the requirements of the South African Construction Education and Training Authority (CETA). Apparatus dimensions that are critical to the outcome of the method or procedure are given with a tolerance. All other dimensions are nominal and should be considered fit f
10、or purpose. Existing apparatus that complies with the requirements of TMH1 may be used in this standard until the apparatus is no longer fit for purpose. SANS 3001-AG2:2009 Edition 1 1 Contents Page Acknowledgement Foreword Introduction 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions . 3 4 Apparatu
11、s 4 5 Sample preparations. 4 5.1 Wet samples 4 5.2 Fraction to be discarded. 5 5.3 Test samples 5 6 Procedure Measurement of the least dimension . 5 7 Calculations. 6 8 Test report. 6 Bibliography 7 SANS 3001-AG2:2009 Edition 1 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 3001-AG2:2009 Edition 1 3 C
12、ivil engineering test methods Part AG2: Determination of the average least dimension of aggregates by direct measurement 1 Scope This part of SANS 3001 describes a method to determine the average least dimension (ALD) of aggregate by direct measurement. 2 Normative references The following reference
13、d documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international standards can
14、be obtained from the SABS Standards Division. SANS 1649 (SABS 1649), Non-automatic self-indicating and semi-self-indicating weighing instruments. SANS 3001-GR20, Civil engineering test methods Part GR20: Determination of the moisture content by oven-drying. SANS 3001-PR1, Civil engineering test meth
15、ods Part PR1: Determination of uncertainty of measurement, repeatability, reproducibility and bias. SANS 3310-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth. SANS 3310-2, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal
16、 plate. 3 Definitions 3.1 average least dimension ALD average of the least dimensions of all the particles in the test sample SANS 3001-AG2:2009 Edition 1 4 3.2 least dimension smallest perpendicular distance between two parallel plates through which the particle will just pass 3.3 nominal size smal
17、lest sieve through which at least 85 % of the aggregate sample passes 3.4 zero adjustment of an apparatus so that it reads nought 4 Apparatus 4.1 Sieves that comply with SANS 3310-1 or SANS 3310-2 as applicable. NOTE Imperial sieves (53 mm, 26,5 mm, 19 mm, 13,2 mm and 4,75 mm) may be used, as the ou
18、tcome will not be affected. 4.2 Electronic balance, fine measurement type complying with SANS 1649 with a capacity of at least 5 kg and reading to 0,1g. 4.3 Comparator table and dial gauge, with parallel steel platens reading to 0,01 mm. NOTE 1 A calliper should not be used. NOTE 2 A comparator tabl
19、e with built-in extensometer and automatic data logger reading to 0,01 mm may be used providing it is validated. 4.4 Large basin, suitable for containing the test sample. 4.5 Non-corrodible, metal, flat-bottomed square pans, of width approximately 300 mm. 4.6 Stainless steel ball bearing, of diamete
20、r approximately 10 mm verified to an accuracy of at least 0,005 mm. 4.7 Drying oven, that is capable of maintaining a temperature range of 105 C to 110 C with continuous draft. 5 Sample preparations 5.1 Wet samples Dry the sample to a surface dry condition. NOTE Field samples that are wet need extra
21、 preparation. Depending on the type of material and time available the sample may be either air- or oven-dried to a surface dry condition. 5.1.1 Air-drying Spread the sample on a clean dry hard non-absorbent surface and allow to dry until a surface dry condition is obtained. SANS 3001-AG2:2009 Editi
22、on 1 5 5.1.2 Oven-drying Place the sample in a large basin and oven-dry (see SANS 3001-GR20). 5.2 Fraction to be discarded The field sample shall be screened on a sieve of half the nominal size of the aggregate, or the next smaller standard sieve size, and the particles passing that sieve shall be d
23、iscarded. 5.3 Test Samples The test sample shall consist of a mass of at least that given in table 1. Table 1 Mass of test sample versus nominal aggregate size 1 2 Nominal aggregate size mm Mass required g 20 14 10 7,1 1900 600 250 100 NOTE Masses are based on a sample size of approximately 250 part
24、icles. 6 Procedure Measurement of the least dimension 6.1 Place the test sample in a pan. 6.2 Zero the dial gauge. 6.3 Check the dial gauge using the verified steel ball bearing. The gauge should give a reading equal to the diameter of the ball bearing 0,05 mm. 6.4 Remove a particle from the pan. If
25、 the least dimension of the particle is easy to see (as in the case of a flaky particle) place the particle between the platens, measure the least dimension and record to the nearest 0,01 mm. 6.5 Where the least dimension is not easy to see (as in the case of a round or cubical particle) drop the pa
26、rticle on the table top. Place the particle, in the same position as it fell, on the comparator table and read the dimension to the nearest 0,01 mm. 6.6 Place the measured particle in a second pan. 6.7 Before proceeding with the next particle check that the dial gauge reading is 0 mm 0,05 mm (do not
27、 reset the gauge to zero). If the gauge reading is outside these limits reset the gauge to zero and check the reading using the verified ball bearing in accordance with 6.1.3. If the reading is satisfactory continue with the procedure. If the reading is outside the prescribed limits the test shall b
28、e abandoned and the gauge replaced or repaired. SANS 3001-AG2:2009 Edition 1 6 6.8 Repeat steps 6.4 to 6.7 until the pan is empty. Test all the particles in the pan. 7 Calculations 7.1 Calculate the average least dimension (ALD) as follows: ALD = 1L()/NDNwhere is the sum of the least dimensions of a
29、ll the particles; 1LNDN is the number of aggregate particles in the test sample. NOTE If a calculator with statistical functions is available the standard deviation should be calculated. 7.2 The uncertainty of the test method depends on the gradation as well as the flakiness index of the aggregate.
30、Use the following formulae to determine and the required precision E (two-sided limit and precision category Phhigh) for the statistical analysis of the uncertainty of the test results as described in SANS 3001-PR1. Sigma values: = k (AS 0,01Me) AS= 0,35 0,01(FI) + 0,0002(FI)2where Me is the median
31、of the gradation, expressed in millimetres; FI is the flakiness index, expressed as a percentage; K is a factor dependent on the test sample usage (see table 2). Table 2 Selection of k value 1 2 k Test sample usage 1,0 The same test sample is measured repeatedly 2,0 Different test samples from one w
32、ell-mixed field sample 4,5 Different test samples from one well-mixed stockpile E values: E value = AE 0,00706(Me) AE= 0,276 0,00674(FI) + 0,000124(FI)28 Test report Report the results obtained as the ALD to one decimal place. SANS 3001-AG2:2009 Edition 1 7 Bibliography Standards SANS 3001-AG3, Civi
33、l engineering test methods Part AG3: Determination of the average least dimension of aggregates by computation. Other publications Hanson, FM. Bituminous surface treatments of rural highways. Proc. New Zealand Soc. Civ. Eng, Vol. 21, 1934 -1935. McLeod, NW. Basic principles for the design and constr
34、uction of seal coats and surface treatments with cutback asphalt and asphaltic cement. Proc. AAPT, Vol. 29, 1960. SABS This page has been left blank intentionally SABS Standards Division The objective of the SABS Standards Division is to develop, promote and maintain South African National Standards
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