1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22529-2 SANS 3452-1:2009Edition 1ISO 3452-1:2008Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 1:
4、 General principles This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 3452-1:2008 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911
5、 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 3452-1:2009 Edition 1 ISO 3452-1:2008 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 135, Engineering materials Non-destructive testing, in accordance with proced
6、ures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in September 2009. Reference numberISO 3452-1:2008(E)ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO3452-1First edition2008-09-01Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 1: General pri
7、nciples Essais non destructifs Examen par ressuage Partie 1: Principes gnraux SANS 3452-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3452-1:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with A
8、dobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing poli
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10、are has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified,
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12、tale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedSANS 3452-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3452-1:
13、2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member bo
14、dy interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrot
15、echnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted b
16、y the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent ri
17、ghts. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3452-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (as EN 571-1:1997) and was adopted, under a special “fast-track“ procedure, by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcomm
18、ittee SC 2, Surface methods, in parallel with its approval by the ISO member bodies. ISO 3452-1 cancels and replaces ISO 3452:1984 which has been technically revised. Throughout the text of this document, read “this European Standard“ and “this standard“ to mean “this International Standard“. ISO 34
19、52 consists of the following parts, under the general title Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing: Part 1: General principles Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials Part 3: Reference test blocks Part 4: Equipment Part 5: Penetrant testing at temperatures higher than 50 C Part 6: Penetrant testin
20、g at temperatures lower than 10 C Annex ZZ provides a list of corresponding International and European Standards for which equivalents are not given in the text. SANS 3452-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3452-1:2008(
21、E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedPage 2EN 571-1 : 1997ForewordThis European Standard has been prepared byTechnical Committee CEN/TC138, Non-destructivetesting, the secretariat of which is held byAFNOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of anational standard, either by publication of a
22、n identicaltext or by endorsement, at the latest by July1997, andconflicting national standards shall be withdrawn atthe latest by July1997.In the framework of its scope, Technical CommitteeCEN/TC138entrusted CEN/TC138/WG4, Liquidpenetrant testing, to prepare this European Standard.EN571comprises a
23、series of European Standards onpenetrant testing which is made of the following:EN571-1 Non-destructive testing Penetranttesting Part 1: General principlesEN571-2 Non-destructive testing Penetranttesting Part 2: Testing of penetrant materialsEN571-3 Non-destructive testing Penetranttesting Part 3: R
24、eference test blocksThis European Standard has been prepared under amandate given to CENby the European Commissionand the European Free Trade Association, andsupports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,the national standards organizations of t
25、he followingcountries are bound to implement this EuropeanStandard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,Germany,Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland and the United Kingdom.ContentsPageForeword 21 Scope 32 Normative references 33
26、Definitions 34 Safety precautions 35 General principles 36 Products, sensitivity and designation 47 Compatibility of testing materials withthe part(s) to be tested 58 Testprocedure 59 Testreport 8AnnexesA (normative) Main stages of thepenetrant examination 9B (informative) Example of a test report 1
27、0SANS 3452-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3452-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Page 3EN 571-1 : 19971)In preparation.1 ScopeThis standard defines a method of penetrant testingused to detect discontinuities,
28、e.g.cracks, laps, folds,porosity and lack of fusion, which are open to thesurface of the material to be tested. It is mainly appliedto metallic materials, but can also be performed onother materials, provided that they are inert to the testmedia and they are not excessively porous, examplesof which
29、are castings, forgings, welds, ceramics,etc.This standard is not intended to be used foracceptance criteria and gives no information relating tothe suitability of individual test systems for specificapplications nor requirements for test equipment.The term discontinuity is used here in the sense tha
30、tno evaluation concerning acceptability ornon-acceptability is included.Methods for determining and monitoring the essentialproperties of penetrant testing products to be used arespecified in EN571-2and EN571-3.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated orundated reference, p
31、rovisions from other publications.These normative references are cited at theappropriate places in the text and the publications arelisted hereafter. For dated references, subsequentamendments to or revisions of any of thesepublications apply to this European Standard onlywhen incorporated in it by
32、amendment or revision. Forundated references the latest edition of the publicationreferred to applies.EN473 Qualification and certification of NDTpersonnel General principlesprEN571-2 Non-destructive testing Penetranttesting Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials1)prEN571-3 Non-destructive testing P
33、enetranttesting Part 3: Reference test blocks1)prEN956 Non-destructive testing Penetranttesting EquipmentprEN1330-6 Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 6: Terms used in penetrantsystems1)prEN1956 Non-destructive testing Penetranttesting and magnetic particle testing Viewing conditions1)3 Defini
34、tionsFor the purposes of this standard the definitions ofprEN1330-6apply.4 Safety precautionsAs penetrant inspection techniques often require theuse of harmful, flammable and/or volatile materials,certain precautions shall be taken.Prolonged or repeated contact of these materials withthe skin or any
35、 mucous membrane should be avoided.Working areas shall be adequately ventilated and sitedaway from sources of heat, sparks and naked flames inaccordance with local regulations.The penetrant testing products and equipment shall beused with care and always in compliance with theinstructions supplied b
36、y the manufacturer.When using UV-A sources, care shall be taken toensure that unfiltered radiation from the UV-A sourcedoes not directly reach the eyes of the operators.Whether it forms an integral part of the lamp or is aseparate component, the UV-A filter shall always bemaintained in good conditio
37、n.There is legislation and regulations regarding health,safety, pollution and storage,etc.5 General principles5.1 PersonnelThe examination shall be carried out or supervised bycompetent personnel and, if required, qualified andcertified according to EN473or to a system agreedupon by the contracting
38、parties.5.2 Description of the methodPrior to penetrant testing the surface to be inspectedshall be cleaned and dried. Then suitable penetrantsare applied to the test area and enter intodiscontinuities open to the surface. After theappropriate penetration time has elapsed the excesspenetrant is remo
39、ved from the surface and thedeveloper applied. This absorbs the penetrant that hasentered and remains in the discontinuities and maygive a clearly visible enhanced indication of thediscontinuity.Should complementary non-destructive testing berequired, the penetrant inspection shall be performedfirst
40、 unless agreed upon between the contractingparties so as not to introduce contaminants into opendiscontinuities. If penetrant inspection is usedfollowing another non-destructive testing technique, thesurface shall be cleaned carefully to removecontaminants before application.SANS 3452-1:2009This s t
41、andard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3452-1:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reservedPage 4EN 571-1 : 1997Table 1. Testing productsPenetrant Excess penetrant remover DeveloperType Designation Method Designation Form DesignationIIIIIIFluor
42、escent penetrantColour contrast penetrantDual purpose (fluorescentcolour contrast penetrant)ABCDEWaterLipophilic emulsifier1 Oil-based emulsifier2 Rinsing with runningwaterSolvent (liquid)Hydrophilic emulsifier1 Optional prerinse (water)2 Emulsifier (water-diluted)3 Final rinse (water)Water and solv
43、entabcdeDryWater solubleWater suspendableSolvent-based (non-aqueouswet)Water or solvent based forspecial application(e.g.peelable developer)NOTE. For specific cases, it is necessary to use penetrant testing products complying with particular requirements with regards toflammability, sulfur, halogen
44、and sodium content and other contaminants, seeprEN571-2.5.3 Process sequenceThe sequence of operations is illustrated for thegeneral case in annexA.Testing generally proceeds through the followingstages:a) preparation and precleaning (see 8.2);b) application of penetrant (see 8.3);c) excess penetran
45、t removal (see 8.4);d) application of developer (see 8.5);e) inspection (see 8.6);f) recording (see 8.7);g) postcleaning (see 8.8).5.4 EquipmentThe equipment for carrying out penetrant testingdepends on the number, size and shape of the parts tobe tested. For the requirements of equipment,seeEN956.5
46、.5 EffectivenessThe effectiveness of the penetrant testing dependsupon many factors such as:a) types of penetrant materials and testingequipment;b) surface preparation and condition;c) material under examination and expecteddiscontinuities;d) temperature of the test surface;e) penetration and develo
47、pment time;f) viewing conditions,etc.6 Products, sensitivity and designation6.1 Product familyVarious test systems exist in penetrant testing.A product family is understood as a combination of thefollowing penetrant testing materials: penetrant, excesspenetrant remover and developer. When tested ina
48、ccordance with prEN571-2 the penetrant and excesspenetrant remover shall be from one manufacturer.Only approved product families shall be used.6.2 Testing productsThe testing products are given in table1.6.3 SensitivityThe sensitivity level of a product family shall bedetermined using reference bloc
49、k1as described inprEN5713. The assessed level always refers to themethod used for type testing of the approved productfamily.6.4 DesignationThe approved product family to be used for penetranttesting is given a designation comprising the type, themethod and the form for the testing products, and afigure which indicates the sensitivity level achieved bytesting with the reference block1as described inprEN571-3.ExampleDesignation of an approved product family comprisingfluorescent penetrant(I), water as exc
