1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-20753-3 SANS 407:2008Edition 3.2Any reference to SABS 407 is deemedto be a reference to this standard(Government Notice No. 1373 of 8 Nove
4、mber 2002)SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Austenitic manganese steel castings Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 407:2008 Edition 3
5、.2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 2 2008 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to SANS standards and to update the definition of “acceptable” and the referenced standards. Acknowledgement Standards South Africa wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance derived from pub
6、lications of the following organizations: American Society of Testing and Materials British Standards Institution International Organization for Standardization Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA SC 5120.20E, Engineering materials Ferrous metals, in accord
7、ance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in April 2008. This document supersedes SABS 407:2000 (edition 3.1). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No. 2. A
8、nnex A forms an integral part of this document. Annexes B, C and D are for information only. SANS 407:2008 Edition 3.2 1 Contents Page Acknowledgement Foreword 1 Scope . 3 2 Normative references . 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Requirements . 4 5 Sampling 5 6 Methods of test 6 7 Marking, labelling and packing
9、. 6 Annex A (normative) Notes to purchasers 7 Annex B (informative) Notes for guidance 8 Annex C (informative) Quality verification of austenitic manganese steel castings . 9 Annex D (informative) Bibliography . 9 SANS 407:2008 Edition 3.2 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 407:2008 Editio
10、n 3.2 3 Austenitic manganese steel castings 1 Scope This standard specifies requirements for austenitic manganese steel castings and their alloy modifications. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this stand
11、ard. All standards are subject to revision and, since any reference to a standard is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions of the standards indicated bel
12、ow. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from Standards South Africa. ASTM A 751, Test methods, practices, and terminology for chemical analysis of steel products. ASTM E 350, Test methods for chemical analysis of carbon steel, low-alloy steel, silicon
13、electrical steel, ingot iron, and wrought iron. SANS 2859-1/ISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptable quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection. Amdt 2 3 Definitions 3.1 acceptable acceptable to the authority administering this st
14、andard, or to the parties concluding the purchase contract, as relevant Amdt 2 3.2 austenitic manganese steel a high manganese steel that has been so heated and quenched in agitated water as to retain a fully austenitic matrix substantially free from carbides at normal ambient temperatures 3.3 batch
15、 cast 3.3.1 castings that are the product of one furnace or crucible melt; or SANS 407:2008 Edition 3.2 4 3.3.2 castings that are the product of a number of furnace or crucible melts that have been combined and mixed homogeneously before casting; or 3.3.3 in the case of a continuous melting furnace
16、or a continuous casting operation, consecutively cast castings poured during a maximum period of 8 h during which all metal added to the furnace is such that the composition of the castings remains acceptably uniform 3.4 casting a product of, or near, a finished shape, formed by solidification of a
17、metal or of an alloy in a mould 3.5 lot consignment castings of the same pattern and type from one batch and submitted at any one time for inspection and testing 4 Requirements 4.1 General All castings shall have been subjected to the process of austenitizing and quenching in water or other quenchin
18、g medium. After the heat treatment, the castings shall be fettled and free from adhering mould materials, sand, scale, cracks, hot tears, slag, porosity and other harmful defects that could affect the subsequent use of the castings. 4.2 Method of manufacture Unless otherwise agreed upon (see A.2(a)
19、of annex A), the method of manufacturing sound austenitic manganese steel castings, prior to the heat treatment process, shall be at the discretion of the manufacturer. Weld repairs to castings are permitted at the discretion of the manufacturer but special requirements for major weld repairs shall
20、be as agreed upon (see A.2(b) of annex A and clause B.3 of annex B). 4.3 Chemical composition Castings shall be of the types given in table 1, as required (see clause A.1 of annex A). Any chemical analysis and limits for elements that are not specified for the type of casting ordered shall be as agr
21、eed upon (see A.2(c) of annex A). SANS 407:2008 Edition 3.2 5 Table 1 Chemical requirements 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Composition1)% (by pass) C Mn Si Cr Mo Ni P Type Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.1 1,0 1,35 11,0 1,0 0,07 2 1,05 1,3 11,5 14,5 1,0 0,07
22、 3 1,05 1,35 11,5 14,5 1,0 1,5 2,5 0,07 4 0,7 1,3 11,5 14,0 1,0 3,0 4,0 0,07 5 0,7 1,3 11,5 14,0 1,0 0,9 1,2 0,07 6 1,0 1,35 16,0 19,0 1,0 1,5 2,5 0,05 72)1,0 1,4 21,0 24,0 1,0 1,5 3,0 0,5 0,75 0,05 8 1,05 6,0 8,0 1,0 0,9 1,2 0,07 9 1,0 1,4 16,0 19,0 1,0 2,5 0,05 10 1,0 1,45 21,0 24,0 1,0 3,0 0,05 T
23、olerances on minimum and maximum values3)% 0,04 0,25 0,05 0,10 0,05 0,07 0,005 1) Chemical analysis and limits for the elements not specified for the type of casting ordered shall be as agreed upon. 2) Ti or V: 0,1 to 0,5. 3) Applicable to product analysis. Amdt 14.4 Supplementary requirements Asses
24、sment of compliance of castings with any supplementary test requirements agreed upon (see A.2(d) of annex A) shall be determined after solution treatment. 4.5 Certification When so agreed upon (see A.2(b) of annex A), each lot (consignment) shall be accompanied by a certificate of results of analysi
25、s and tests, together with authenticated copies of heat treatment charts and welding procedure approvals. 5 Sampling 5.1 General All castings from each batch shall be visually examined for compliance with 4.1 and should be examined for compliance with clause B.3 of annex B. SANS 407:2008 Edition 3.2
26、 6 5.2 Sampling of chemical composition The following sampling procedures shall be applied in determining whether a batch complies with the requirements of table 1: NOTE When chemical analysis for elements not specified for the type of casting is required, such analysis has to be performed (see 4.3)
27、. a) each cast shall be analysed using the type of test samples agreed upon (see A.2(f) of annex A) taken from the liquid metal (see 3.3); and b) if so agreed upon (see A.2(e) and (i) of annex A), check analysis of the cast products shall be performed on randomly selected samples taken in accordance
28、 with SANS 2859-1. Drillings for analysis may be taken from the castings or from test blocks prepared as agreed upon (see A.2(g) and (h) of annex A). Amdt 2 6 Methods of test 6.1 Use ASTM E 350 to determine the composition of the molten cast samples. Check for compliance with the requirements of tab
29、le 1. 6.2 Use a suitable method selected from ASTM A 751 to analyse the product. Check for compliance with the requirements of table 1. 7 Marking, labelling and packing 7.1 Marking If possible, each casting shall be marked legibly and indelibly with the following information cast or marked on the su
30、rface, or marked on the container in which the castings are packed: a) the manufacturers name or trade mark; b) the type number; c) the cast number, traceable to production data; and d) where practicable, and using a method left to the discretion of the manufacturer, the lot number. 7.2 Product iden
31、tification and traceability If marking as described in 7.1 is not possible, the manufacturer shall establish and maintain documented procedures for identifying the product by suitable means from receipt and during all stages of production, delivery and installation. The manufacturer shall establish
32、and maintain documented procedures for the unique identification of individual products or batches. This identification shall be recorded. Quality records shall be made available for an agreed period (see A.2(j) of annex A) for evaluation by the purchaser or by the purchasers representative. 7.3 Pac
33、king Castings shall be packed as agreed upon (see A.2(k) of annex A). SANS 407:2008 Edition 3.2 7 Annex A (normative) Notes to purchasers A.1 The following requirement shall be specified in tender invitations and in each order or contract: the type of casting (see 4.3 and table 1). A.2 The following
34、 requirements shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser: a) the method of manufacture of the castings (see 4.2); b) the provision of test certificates, heat treatment charts and any special weld repair procedures (see 4.2 and 4.5); c) the type of casting and any chemical analys
35、is and limits for elements not specified for that type of casting (see 4.3); d) any supplementary test requirements such as microstructure, non-destructive examination, mechanical strength, pressure tightness and surface condition (see 4.4); e) the sampling procedure and the acceptance quality level
36、 (AQL) to be adopted (see 5.2(b); f) the type of the test samples (see 5.2(a); g) the use of other than separately cast test samples (see 5.2(b) for check analysis on cast products); h) the casting practices to be used in the preparation of separately cast test samples (see 5.2(b); i) the number and
37、 location of samples (see 5.2(b) and clause B.2 of annex B); j) the period for which quality records shall be made available (see 7.2); and k) the method of packaging (see 7.3). SANS 407:2008 Edition 3.2 8 Annex B (informative) Notes for guidance B.1 Heat treatment In order to achieve the required t
38、oughness, ductility and hardness, castings require to be suitably heat treated in accordance with their composition and shape. Castings should be uniformly heated to a temperature applicable to the grade of steel, at least 1 000 C, followed by soaking until the temperature is uniform throughout, and
39、 quenching in an appropriate medium, normally water. B.2 Chemical composition Drilled samples removed for chemical analysis should not be contaminated with drill chips. It is recommended that use be made of flat drills made from superior, high speed steels. Drilling of manganese steels can be improv
40、ed by heating samples for several hours at 500 C to 600 C (see A.2(i) of annex A). NOTE It is inadvisable to heat castings in their final condition within this range of temperature. B.3 Repair welds Repair welds are permitted at the discretion of the manufacturer (see 4.2 and A.2(b) of annex A). Def
41、ects should be welded using approved procedures and approved welders. Preparation for welding can be carried out by grinding, machining, flame gouging, carbon arc gouging, metal arc gouging or powder washing. After removal of the metal, the weld faces should be ground to a smooth shape and any oxidi
42、zed metal should be removed. Welds should consist of suitably alloyed filler metal that deposits an austenitic weld. Welds on a wearing surface should be of austenitic manganese steel of a similar hardness as that of the cast material. It is important to limit the welding heat input and to maintain
43、low interpass temperatures. Stress relief treatment should be avoided after repairs. Castings that have been repair welded with high energy inputs which have caused significant heating of the casting (see clause B.1 and the note to clause B.2), are considered to be unacceptable. Such castings should
44、 be re-heat treated after welding. SANS 407:2008 Edition 3.2 9 Annex C (informative) Quality verification of austenitic manganese steel castings When a purchaser requires ongoing verification of the quality of austenitic manganese steel castings, it is suggested that, instead of concentrating solely
45、 on evaluation of the final product, he also direct his attention to the manufacturers quality system. In this connection it should be noted that SANS 9001 covers the provision of an integrated quality system. Amdt 2 Annex D (informative) Bibliography AS 2074, Cast steels. ASTM A128/A128M-3, Standar
46、d specification for steel castings, austenitic manganese. ASTM A781 /A781 M, Standard specification for castings, steel and alloy, common requirements, for general industrial use. BS 3100, Specification for steel castings for general engineering purposes Amdt 2 BS 31 00/BW10, Data sheets on the prop
47、erties of steel castings. Austenitic manganese steel castings. Sheffield: Steel Castings Research and Trade Association, 1997. Amdt 2 Manganese steel. Sheffield: Oliver and Boyld for Hadfields, 1956. EN 10293, Steel castings for general engineering uses. Amdt 2 SANS 9001/ISO 9001, Quality management systems Requirements. Standards South Africa
