1、 Copyright 2009 by THE SOCIETY OF MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION ENGINEERS 3 Barker Avenue., White Plains, NY 10601 (914) 761-1100 Approved November 23, 2009 Table of Contents Page Foreword . 2 Intellectual Property 2 Introduction 2 1 Scope . 3 2 Conformance Notation . 3 3 Normative Reference . 3 4 D
2、efinitions 4 4.1 Aspect Ratio . 4 4.2 Image Lattice 4 4.3 Production Aperture . 4 4.4 Safe Action Area 4 4.5 Safe Title Area . 4 5 Specification of Safe Action Area and Safe Title Area . 4 5.1 1080 Line Formats . 5 5.2 720 Line Formats . 5 5.3 576 Line Formats . 5 5.4 480 Line Formats . 5 Annex A Bi
3、bliography (Informative) . 6 Annex B 480-Line Format Image Lattice (Informative) 7 Annex C Safe Areas for Common Video Standards (Informative). 8 Annex D Graticules (Informative) . 11 Page 1 of 13 pages SMPTE ST 2046-1:2009 SMPTE STANDARD Specifications for Safe Action and Safe Title Areas for Telev
4、ision SMPTE ST 2046-1:2009 Page 2 of 13 pages Foreword SMPTE (the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) is an internationally-recognized standards developing organization. Headquartered and incorporated in the United States of America, SMPTE has members in over 80 countries on six cont
5、inents. SMPTEs Engineering Documents, including Standards, Recommended Practices, and Engineering Guidelines, are prepared by SMPTEs Technology Committees. Participation in these Committees is open to all with a bona fide interest in their work. SMPTE cooperates closely with other standards-developi
6、ng organizations, including ISO, IEC and ITU. SMPTE Engineering Documents are drafted in accordance with the rules given in Part XIII of its Administrative Practices. SMPTE ST 2046-1 was prepared by Technology Committee 10E. Intellectual Property At the time of publication no notice had been receive
7、d by SMPTE claiming patent rights essential to the implementation of this Standard. However, attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. SMPTE shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Introd
8、uction This section is entirely informative and does not form an integral part of this Engineering Document. This Standard is a comprehensive revision of SMPTE RP 218-2002, Specifications for Safe Action and Safe Title Areas for Television Systems. It reflects the significant changes in production,
9、transmission and display technologies that have occurred since that document was originally issued. A safe area, in the context of television production, is the area of the image that is certain to be seen by the vast majority of viewers in the home. Historically, two types of safe areas are specifi
10、ed, the Safe Action Area and the Safe Title Area. They differ in that the extremes of the Safe Action Area are deemed usable even if there is some degree of geometric, chromatic or other distortion, whereas the Safe Title Area must be free of these distortions. The Safe Action and Safe Title Areas s
11、pecified in SMPTE RP 218 Annex B and its predecessor, SMPTE RP 27.3, were based on analog transmission and CRT displays; all evidence points to their having been derived from research conducted in the late 1950s. Virtually all the technologies of television production, transmission and display have
12、changed radically since that time. In particular, the complete replacement of scanned analog imagers and displays by fixed-pixel-matrix imagers and displays has eliminated the need for large tolerances in image geometry, convergence and displayed area. Industry practice has changed as a result, and
13、this Standard reflects those changes. One aspect of the changes in industry practice, which is still in transition, is the nomenclature used to describe the image lattice. As defined, this is an array of pixels. However, in picture scanning, this is an array of pixels in the horizontal direction and
14、 a number of scan lines in the vertical. The image format definitions used in this document use both types of nomenclature and this usage is historical. The following SMPTE documents specify the safe areas for television: SMPTE ST 2046-1, Specifications for Safe Action and Safe Title Areas for Telev
15、ision SMPTE RP 2046-2, Safe Areas for Protection of Alternate Aspect Ratios SMPTE RP 218, Specifications for Safe Action and Safe Title Areas for Television Systems (Note: The Scope of this Recommended Practice has been narrowed significantly.) SMPTE ST 2046-1:2009 Page 3 of 13 pages 1 Scope This St
16、andard defines and specifies Safe Action and Safe Title Areas for 1920 x 1080, 1280 x 720, 720 x 576 and 720 x 480 television formats. This document is intended for application in program production where the image aspect ratio of the acquired essence is the same as that of the display. The safe are
17、as defined in this Standard differ from past practice; they take into account changes in image acquisition, transmission and display technology. They do not offer guidance in situations where material generated in one aspect ratio may need to be displayed in a different aspect ratio. 2 Conformance N
18、otation Normative text is text that describes elements of the design that are indispensable or contains the conformance language keywords: “shall“, “should“, or “may“. Informative text is text that is potentially helpful to the user, but not indispensable, and can be removed, changed, or added edito
19、rially without affecting interoperability. Informative text does not contain any conformance keywords. All text in this document is, by default, normative, except: the Introduction, any section explicitly labeled as “Informative“ or individual paragraphs that start with “Note:” The keywords “shall“
20、and “shall not“ indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the document and from which no deviation is permitted. The keywords, “should“ and “should not“ indicate that, among several possibilities, one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding
21、 others; or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required; or that (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is deprecated but not prohibited. The keywords “may“ and “need not“ indicate courses of action permissible within the limits of the document
22、. The keyword “reserved” indicates a provision that is not defined at this time, shall not be used, and may be defined in the future. The keyword “forbidden” indicates “reserved” and in addition indicates that the provision will never be defined in the future. A conformant implementation according t
23、o this document is one that includes all mandatory provisions (“shall“) and, if implemented, all recommended provisions (“should“) as described. A conformant implementation need not implement optional provisions (“may“) and need not implement them as described. Unless otherwise specified, the order
24、of precedence of the types of normative information in this document shall be as follows: Normative prose shall be the authoritative definition; Tables shall be next; followed by formal languages; then figures; and then any other language forms. 3 Normative Reference The following document contains
25、provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying t
26、he most recent edition of the standards indicated below. SMPTE RP 202-2008, Video Alignment for Compression Coding SMPTE ST 2046-1:2009 Page 4 of 13 pages 4 Definitions 4.1 Aspect Ratio Aspect Ratio is the ratio of the horizontal dimension to the vertical dimension of a rectangular active image area
27、. 4.2 Image Lattice An Image Lattice is a two-dimensional, rectangular array of pixels. Note: In 5, Image Lattices are described in terms of an array of pixels and scan lines. See the Introduction for more background. 4.3 Production Aperture The Production Aperture is the Image Lattice that represen
28、ts the maximum possible active image area in a given image format. In this Standard, Production Aperture is defined in pixel units, and is denoted as the number of active image pixels per horizontal row by the number of active image pixels per vertical column in a rectangular image area of any Aspec
29、t Ratio. For the 720 x 480 formats, the Production Aperture is not used. See Annex B. 4.4 Safe Action Area The Safe Action Area is the maximum image area within which all significant action shall be contained. The image area defined by the Safe Action Area is concentric with the Production Aperture.
30、 4.5 Safe Title Area The Safe Title Area is the maximum image area within which all significant title information shall be contained. The image area defined by the Safe Title Area is concentric with the Production Aperture. 5 Specification of Safe Action Area and Safe Title Area Safe Action and Safe
31、 Title Areas are specified in percentages of the full image area, which is typically but not always the same as the Production Aperture. Safe area calculations resulting in non-integer values for lines or pixel numbers shall be rounded to the nearest whole number. The numbers in parentheses are the
32、horizontal and vertical dimensions of the defined safe area, inclusive, in (pixels x lines). Note: Notwithstanding the specification of the Safe Action and Safe Title Areas given below, users are advised that many consumer fixed-pixel-matrix displays can be configured to show the entire image area.
33、It is critically important to ensure that the entire image area is kept clear of extraneous elements such as lighting instruments, boom shadows, cables and graphics that are not intended to be seen by the viewer. This is especially important vertically in the case of 16:9 images, which might be rend
34、ered in letterbox form on legacy 4:3 displays and horizontally in the case of 4:3 images, which might be rendered in pillarbox form on 16:9 displays. Note: All versions of CEA-708 reference the SMPTE RP 218 Safe Title Area, which is 80% of the width and 80% of the height of the Production Aperture.
35、As of the date of publication of this standard, all consumer receivers in the United States were designed to place captions in the displayed image in accordance with CEA-708. Creators of closed caption information are advised to take this into account when authoring captions intended for display in
36、specific areas of the image. SMPTE ST 2046-1:2009 Page 5 of 13 pages 5.1 1080 Line Formats The Safe Action Area for 1920 x 1080 formats shall be 93% of the width and 93% of the height of the Production Aperture (1786 x 1004). The Safe Title Area for 1920 x 1080 formats shall be 90% of the width and
37、90% of the height of the Production Aperture (1728 x 972). See Figure D.1. 5.2 720 Line Formats The Safe Action Area for 1280 x 720 formats shall be 93% of the width and 93% of the height of the Production Aperture (1190 x 670.) The Safe Title Area for 1280 x 720 formats shall be 90% of the width an
38、d 90% of the height of the Production Aperture (1152 x 648.) See Figure D.1. 5.3 576 Line Formats The Safe Action Area for 720 x 576 formats, regardless of Aspect Ratio, shall be 93% of the width and 93% of the height of the Production Aperture (670 x 536). The Safe Title Area for 720 x 576 formats,
39、 regardless of Aspect Ratio, shall be 90% of the width and 90% of the height of the Production Aperture (648 x 518.) See Figures D.1 and D.2. Note: A different safe-area specification was developed by ITU-R for use during the transition period to wide-screen 16:9 broadcasting, and is still in use in
40、 some regions where 576-line formats are used. See Annex A Bibliography. 5.4 480 Line Formats The Safe Action Area for 720 x 480 formats, regardless of Aspect Ratio, shall be 93% of the width and 93% of the height of the 720 x 480 Image Lattice (670 x 446). See Annex B. The Safe Title Area for 720 x
41、 480 formats, regardless of Aspect Ratio, shall be 90% of the width and 90% of the height of the 720 x 480 Image Lattice (648 x 432). See Annex B and Figures D.1 and D.2. Both the Safe Action Area and the Safe Title Area are concentric with the 720 x 480 Image Lattice, not the Production Aperture. F
42、or compatibility with legacy material, the RP-218 Safe Title Area and Safe Action Area may be used as follows: the Safe Action Area shall be 90% of the width and 90% of the height of the 720 x 480 Image Lattice (648 x 432). The Safe Title Area shall be 80% of the width and 80% of the height of the 7
43、20 x 480 Image Lattice (576 x 384). See Figure D.3. SMPTE ST 2046-1:2009 Page 6 of 13 pages Annex A Bibliography (Informative) ANSI/SMPTE 125M-1995, Television Component Video Signal 4:2:2 Bit-Parallel Digital Interface SMPTE 274M-2008, Television 1920 x 1080 Image Sample Structure, Digital Represen
44、tation and Digital Timing Reference Sequences for Multiple Picture Rates SMPTE 296M-2001, Television 1280 x 720 Progressive Image Sample Structure Analog and Digital Representation and Analog Interface CEA-708-D (2008), Digital Television (DTV) Closed Captioning EBU R95 (2008), Recommendation for Sa
45、fe areas for 16:9 television production ITU-R BT.656-4, Interfaces for Digital Component Video Signals in 525-Line and 625-Line Television Systems Operating at the 4:2:2 Level of Recommendation ITU-R BT.601 (Part A) ITU-R BT.1379-2 (09/07) Safe Areas of Wide-Screen 16:9 and Standard 4:3 Aspect Ratio
46、 Productions to Achieve a Common Format During a Transition Period to Wide Screen 16:9 Broadcasting SMPTE ST 2046-1:2009 Page 7 of 13 pages Annex B 480-Line Format Image Lattice (Informative) Users will note that the specification given here for the Image Lattice for 480-line (525 total lines) forma
47、ts differs from that of SMPTE 125M and SMPTE RP 187. The safe areas defined in this document for 480-line formats are given as percentages of the range of coded lines and pixels specified in SMPTE RP 202, rather than the Production Aperture as defined in ANSI/SMPTE 125M or SMPTE RP 187. This is cons
48、istent with SMPTE RP 218-2002, the predecessor of this Standard, and is necessary because of the widespread use of block-based video compression systems in television production, distribution and emission. While the analog and uncompressed digital 525-line television systems on which these are based
49、 are capable of conveying more than 480 lines, the vast preponderance of compression systems, including all those used for emission, limit the number of lines of picture information to 480. Moreover, in many of the major markets in which 525-line systems are used, up to 22 lines of each field have been used for sync, test signals and data, reducing the effective image height to no more than 481 lines, rather than the 486 lines cited in SMPTE RP 187. Users are urged to adopt the 720 x 480 Image Lattice specified here as the maximum
