1、 A Fuel Cell Guide REGULATIONS, CODES, AND STANDARDS FOR THE DEPLOYMENT OF STATIONARY FUEL CELLS A TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY FOUNDATION (T I F ) R e p r i n t o f t h e T I A R E F E R E N C E G U I D E tifonline.org IMPORTANT NOTICE The purpose of this Reference Guide is to provide an overview of
2、 regulations, codes, standards, permitting processes, fuel supply considerations, information, and technologies relating to the deployment of stationary fuel cells. It is a reference tool designed to complement other tools and sources of information available to users. This document is for informati
3、on purposes only. The reader should not make deployment or maintenance decisions based on the information contained herein. A reader is encouraged to carefully study source materials related to the implementers unique deployment conditions, and as necessary consult with experts and government regula
4、tors. This document is not a standard and is merely providing to a reader access to information that may be acquired from other sources. Members of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) Fuel Cell Focus Group developed and originally published this reference guide over a period of two yea
5、rs based on their expertise, work experience and industry networks. It is a good faith effort to develop a comprehensive, accurate guide but it not designed to be the sole, definitive source of all information relating to the deployment of stationary fuel cells. Users should view the information fro
6、m the perspective of their unique situations, and determine independently whether the cited regulations, standards, and related documents are the most current versions. The usefulness of the Refer- ence Guide depends on the users understanding that although every effort was made to ensure that the R
7、eference Guide is accurate, there are no guarantees. The information will need to be reviewed and updated with the passage of time. In addition, at times the opinions of the authors are expressed and should be viewed as opinions rather than statements of fact. TIA Fuel Cell Focus Group TIA created a
8、n exploratory Focus Group on Fuel Cell Standards for Wireless and Information and Commu- nication Technology (ICT) Infrastructure in 2013. The goal was to provide a forum for fuel cell companies, mobile network operators, cell site leasing companies, engineering firms, government entities, and other
9、s to develop a document that can provide the ICT industry with a broad reference guide on stationary fuel cell deployment in support of wireless and other ICT infrastructure. TIA thanks the following companies and organizations for their contributions to this document: Air Liquide Fuel Cell and Hydr
10、ogen Energy Association Air Products prior editions are still enforced) 4) NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (2012 edition) 5) NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas Code (2015 edition) 6) NFPA 55 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code (2016 edition; prior editions are still enforced) 7) NFPA 70
11、 National Electrical Code (2017 edition) 8) NFPA 853 Installation of Stationary Fuel Cell Power Systems (2015 edition) 9) 29CFR1910 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 10) 47CFR15 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 11) 49CFR172 Department of Transportation (DOT) 3.2 Other Refer
12、enced Documents for Compliance 1) ASME/ANSI B31.3 Process piping 2) ANSI/IEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures 3) ANSI Z21.21/CSA 6.5 Standard for automatic valves for gas appliances with distributed energy resources 4) ASTM E 108 Standard test methods for fire tests of roof coverin
13、gs 5) IBC International Building Code 6) IMC International Mechanical Code 7) NFPA 2 Hydrogen Technologies Code (2016 edition) see NFPA 2 note Regulations, Codes, and Standards for the Deployment of Stationary Fuel Cells A Fuel Cell Guide NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, NEC, 101, and Life Safety
14、Code are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. 8) NFPA 24 Standard for the installation of private fire service mains and their appurtenances i9) NFPA 80 Standard for fire doors and other opening protectives 10) NFPA 90A Standard for the installation of air-
15、conditioning and ventilating systems 11) NFPA 101 Life Safety Code 12) NFPA 220 Standard types of building construction 13) NFPA 251 Standard methods of tests of fire resistance of building construction and materials 14) UL 991 Standard for tests for safety-related controls employing solid-state dev
16、ices 15) UL 429 Electrically operated valves 16) UL 790 Standard test methods for fire tests of roof coverings 17) UL1741 Standard for inverters, converters, controllers, and interconnection system equipment for use 18) IFGC International Fuel Gas Code A Fuel Cell Guide Regulations, Codes, and Stand
17、ards for the Deployment of Stationary Fuel Cells NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, NEC, 101, and Life Safety Code are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. 4 Generally Applicable Codes and Standards 4.1 Organizations 1) ANSIAmerican National Standards Instit
18、ute Responsible for approval of U.S. standards 2) ASTMASTM International Standards writing organization for materials testing 3) CSACanadian Standards Association A Nationally Recognized Test Laboratory and standards writing organization 4) FCCFederal Communications Commission CSA Group, including C
19、SA America Responsible for control and use of radio frequency (RF) spectrum FCC regulations for controlling and limiting equipment RF emissions are part of the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 15 (47CFR15)Radio Frequency Devices 5) ICCInternational Code Council International standards wri
20、ting organization 6) IECInternational Electrotechnical Committee International standards writing organization 7) OSHAOccupational Safety and Health Administration Part of the United States Department of Labor OSHA regulations are part of the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Part 1910 (29CFR191
21、0) 8) NFPANational Fire Protection Association United States national standards writing organization 9) ULUnderwriters Laboratories, Inc. A Nationally Recognized Test Laboratory and standards writing organization 4.2 Relevant Documents for Compliance Mandated by Code or Law 1) ANSI/CSA FC1 Standard
22、for Stationary Fuel Cell Power Systems (2014 edition) 2) ANSI/CSA Standard for Portable Fuel Cell Power Systems America FC 3 (2004 edition, reaffirmed 2017) 3) IFC International Fire Code (2015 edition most recent; prior editions are still enforced) 4) IFGC International Fuel Gas Code (2015 edition
23、most recent; prior editions are still enforced) 5) NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (2015 edition) 6) NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas Code (2015 edition) 7) NFPA 55 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code (2016 edition; prior editions are still enforced) Regulations, Codes, and Standards
24、for the Deployment of Stationary Fuel Cells A Fuel Cell Guide 8) NFPA 70 National Electrical Code (2017 edition) 9) NFPA 853 Installation of Stationary Fuel Cell Power Systems (2015 edition) 10) 29CFR1910 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 11) 47CFR15 Federal Communications Commiss
25、ion (FCC) 12) 49CFR172 Department of Transportation (DOT) 4.3 Other Referenced Documents for Compliance 1) ASME/ANSI B31.3 Process piping 2) ANSI/IEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) 3) ANSI Z21.21/CSA 6.5 Standard for automatic valves for gas appliances with distributed
26、energy resources 4) ASTM E 108 Standard test methods for fire tests of roof coverings 5) IBC International Building Code 6) IMC International Mechanical Code 7) NFPA 2 Hydrogen Technologies Code (2016 edition) see NFPA 2 note 8) NFPA 24 Standard for the installation of private fire service mains and
27、 their appurtenances 9) NFPA 80 Standard for fire doors and other opening protectives 10) NFPA 90A Standard for the installation of air-condi tioning and ventilating systems 11) NFPA 101 Life Safety Code 12) NFPA 220 Standard types of building construction 13) NFPA 251 Standard methods of tests of f
28、ire resistance of building construction and materials 14) UL 991 Standard for tests for safety-related controls employing solid-state devices 15) UL 429 Electrically operated valves 16) UL 790 Standard test methods for fire tests of roof coverings 17) UL1741 Standard for Inverters, Converters, Contr
29、ollers, and Interconnection System Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy Resources A Fuel Cell Guide Regulations, Codes, and Standards for the Deployment of Stationary Fuel Cells Fuel cell power systems and their fuel supplies must meet a number of compliance requirements for safe and legal oper
30、ation. Below is a detailed list of compliance requirements for the power system and fuel supplies, covering hydrogen gas (H2), liquid hydrogen, biogas (e.g., methane and hydrogen mix), and liquid fuels (e.g., methanol). 4.4 Order of Precedence for Code Compliance 1) Code of Federal Regulations; spec
31、ifically, OSHA (Title 29), FCC (Title 47), DOT (Title 49) 2) State government-approved safety and design codes typically adopted from International Code Council (ICC); these include the International Fire Code (IFC), International Fuel and Gas Code (IFGC), International Building Code (IBC), etc. 3)
32、State-, county-, or local municipality-approved standards or codes 4) ANSI-approved standards invoked by CFR, state, or local codes; including NFPA, ASME, UL, etc. 4.5 Codes and Standards Relevant for Fuel Cell Power SystemsPower Generator 1) 47CFR15 Federal Communication Commission (FCC) 2) ANSI/CS
33、A FC1 Standard for Stationary Fuel Cell Power Systems (2014 edition) 3) ANSI/CSA Standard for Portable Fuel Cell Power Systems (2004 edition, reaffirmed 2017) America FC3 4) NFPA 70 National Electrical Code (2017 edition) 5) NFPA 853 Installation of Stationary Fuel Cell Power Systems (2015 edition)
34、4.6 Codes and Standards Relevant for Fuel Storage 1) 29CFR1910 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 2) 49CFR172 Department of Transportation (DOT) 3) IFC International Fire Code (2015 edition most recent; previous editions are still enforced) 4) IFGC International Fuel Gas Code (2015
35、 edition most recent; prior editions are still enforced) 5) NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (2015 edition) 6) NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas Code (2015 edition) 7) NFPA 55 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code (2016 edition; prior editions are still enforced) 8) NFPA 853 Installation
36、of Stationary Fuel Cell Power Systems (2016 edition) Regulations, Codes, and Standards for the Deployment of Stationary Fuel Cells A Fuel Cell Guide This list is not intended to replace existing code; consult referenced standards for exact language and requirements. NFPA 2 note: NFPA 2 is a comprehe
37、nsive document which consolidates hydrogen requirements from other key NFPA codes and standards, including NFPA 1, 55, 853, etc, as a single source document for hydrogen safety requirements. NFPA 2 is currently adopted as law in California and being considered by other state legislatures; however, N
38、FPA 2 requirements may be invoked by a local AHJ at its discretion. 4.7 International Fire Code (IFC) Implementation by State Governments Enacted as state and/or local law, versions (released by date) adopted by each state (as of May 2016): 1) IFC2015 - 2015 edition: AL, CO, LA, MI, MS, MO, MT, ND,
39、NE, NH, NJ, NY, OK, TX, WA, WI, WY 2) IFC20122012 edition: AZ, AR, CA, DE, D.C., GA, ID, IN, KY, MN, NV, OR, SC, UT, VA 3) IFC20092009 edition: AK, IL, IA, NC, OH, PA, SD 4) IFC20062006 edition: KS, TN 4) IFC20032003 edition: CT, NM 4.8 International Fuel and Gas Code (IFGC) Implementation by State
40、Governments Enacted as state and/or local law, versions (released by date) adopted by each state (as of May 2016): 1) IFGC2015 - 2015 edition: AL, CO, DE, IA, KS, MD, MS, NE, NV, NJ, NM, NY, OK, SD, TN, TX, WA, WV, WY 2) IFGC20122012 edition: AZ, D.C., FL, GA, ID, IN, LA, MI, MN, MT, ND, OR, RI, SC,
41、 UT, VA 3) IFGC20092009 edition: AK, IL, NC, OH, PA, WI 3) IFGC20062006 edition: AR 4) IFGC20002000 edition: MO A Fuel Cell Guide Regulations, Codes, and Standards for the Deployment of Stationary Fuel Cells 4.9 General Requirements Common to Compressed Gas Fuels 4.9.1 Container Types, Design and St
42、orage Construction 4.9.1.1 Fuel Storage Containers29CFR1910.101 Inspection of compressed gas cylinders “Visual and other inspections shall be conducted as prescribed in the Hazardous Materials Regulations of the Department of Transportation (49 CFR Parts 171-179 and 14 CFR Part 103). Where those reg
43、ulations are not applicable, visual and other inspections shall be conducted in accordance with Compressed Gas Association Pamphlets C-6-1968 and C-8-1962.” 29CFR1910.101(a) Compressed gases. “The in-plant handling, storage, and utilization of all compressed gases in cylinders, portable tanks, rail
44、tank cars, or motor vehicle cargo tanks shall be in accordance with Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet P-1-1965” 29CFR1910.101(b) 4.9.2 Piping, Valves, Regulators, Fuel Controls 4.9.2.1 Pressure Relief Devices Safety relief devices for compressed gas containers. “Compressed gas cylinders, portable
45、tanks, and cargo tanks shall have pressure relief devices installed and maintained in accordance with Compressed Gas Association Pamphlets S-1.1-1963 and 1965 addenda and S-1.2-1963.” 29CFR1910.101(c) Pressure relief devices sized and selected per CGA S-1.1, S-1.2, and S-1.3 or the ASME Boiler and P
46、ressure Vessel Code, Section VIII. IFC2015 5303.3.2 “Pressure relief devices shall be arranged to discharge upward and unobstructed to the open air in such a manner as to prevent any impingement of escaping gas upon the container, adjacent structures or personnel. Exception: DOTn specification conta
47、iners having an internal volume of 30 cubic feet (0.855 m3) or less.” IFC2015 5303.3.4 Pressure relief devices protected from freeze IFC2015 5303.3.5 4.9.3 Fire and Emergency Response Fire suppression required in gas rooms IFC2015 5003.8.4.1 Note: Gas rooms are used to increase the Maximum Allowable
48、 Quantity of stored or used gas in an interior room or building. Regulations, Codes, and Standards for the Deployment of Stationary Fuel Cells A Fuel Cell Guide 5 Fuel Supply Considerations and General Guidance on Site Selection Fuel cells convert the chemical energy of a fuel to electrical energy. The fuel cell operates as long as fuel is available. Hydrogen is often the chemical energy source for the system; alternatively, hydrogen-carrying substances such as methanol, n
