1、- EIA TSB 96 3234b00 0577449 lb4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS BULLETIN I Land Mobile Linear Analog Modulation Communications Equipment Measurement and Performance Standards TSB78 SEPTEMBER 1996 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION ,?f mrnrilis*amPuiIraoaihidmbT hiasshtimvllbthc Ebc(ra* Induslrks As
2、socMh INDUSTRYAssocIATIoIy EIA TSB7 96 3234600 0577450 h = NOTICE TIA/EIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eiiminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assi
3、sting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards and Pubiications shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of TIAEIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and P
4、ublications, nor shall the existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use by those other than TINEIA members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. Standards, Publications and Bulletins are adopted by TIALEIA in accordance with the Amer
5、ican National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA/EIA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard, Publication or Bulletin. Technical Bulletins are distinguished fiom TIALEIA Standards or Int
6、erim Standards, in that they contain a compilation of engineering data or information useful to the technical comunity, and represent approaches to good engineering practices that are suggested by the formulating committee. This Bulletin is not intended to preclude or discourage other approaches tha
7、t similarly represent good engineering practice, or that may be acceptable to, or have been accepted by, appropriate bodies. Parties who wish to bring other approaches to the attention of the formulating committee to be considered for inclusion in future revisions of this Bulletin are encouraged to
8、do so. It is the intention of the formulating committee to revise and update this Bulletin fiom time to time as may be occasioned by changes in technology, industry practice, or government regulations, or for other appropriate reasons. (From Project No. 2433, formulated under the cognizance of the T
9、IA TR-8.14 ACSB Standards Subcommittee.) Published by BTELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION 1996 Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 PRICE: Please refer to the current Catalog of EIA, JEDEC and TIA STANDARDS and ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS International (303
10、-397-7956) or call Global Engineering Documents, USA and Canada (1-800-854-7179) All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. August 19. 1996 TIA/EIA TSB78 Contents 1.INTRODUCTION . 1.1 Scope 1.2 Object . 1.2.1 Required Performance Values 1.2.2 Performance Standards 1.3 Standard Definitions . 1.3.1 Definit
11、ions of Physical Values 1.3.2 Common Definitions . Standard Continuous Duty Cycle Standard Intermittent Duty Cycle for Mobile and Base 1.3.2.1 1.3.2.2 1.3.2.3 Standard Duty Cycle for Portable Equipment 1.3.2.4 Pilot Tone . 1.3.2.5 Tone Above Band Single Sideband 1.3.2.6 Transparent Tone In Band Sing
12、le Sideband . 1.3.2.7 Real Zero Single Sideband . 1.3.2.8 Amplitude Companded Single Sideband . 1.3.3 Definitions for Receivers 1.3.3.1 Input-Signal Level for Testing Receivers . 1.3.3.2 Standard Input Signal 1.3.3.3 Standard Input-Signal kvel . 1.3.3.4 Standard Input-Signal Frequency 1.3.3.5 Standa
13、rd Modulation of an Input Signal . 1.3.3.6 De-emphasis 1.3.3.8 User Accessible Squelch . 1.3.3.9 Rated Audio-Frequency Output Power 1.3.3.10 Audio-Frequency Output Load . 1.3.3.12 Standard Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SINAD) . 1.3.3.13 Standard Test Signal Generator #1 . 1.3.3.14 Standard Test Signal Gene
14、rator #2 . 1.3.4 Definitions for Transmitters . 1.3.4.1 Standard Transmitter Load Conditions 1.3.4.2 Standard Modulating Input Signal . 1.3.4.3 Standard Audio-Frequency Input Signal Source . 1.3.4.4 Pre-emphasis 1.3.4.6 Authorized Bandwidths and Test Bandwidths 1.3.5 Definitions for Sub-Audible Sign
15、aling Equipment . 1.3.3.7 Squelch Condition 1.3.3.11 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SINAD) . 1.3.4.5 Peak Envelope Power 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 9 9 9 9 i TINEIA TSB78 1.3.5.1 1.3.5.2 1.3.5.3 1.3.5.4 1.3.5.5 1.3.5.6 1.3.5.7 1.3.5.8 1.3.5.9 August 19. 1996 Sub-Audible Signaling Sy
16、stems . 9 CTCSS Code Frequencies 11 Standard CTCSS Modulation 11 CTCSS Reverse Burst 11 CDCSS Data Rate 11 CDCSS Audio Turn Off Code . 12 CDCSS Code Words . 12 Standard CDCSS Modulation 14 CDCSS Modulation Sense 14 1.4 1.5 1.3.6 Definitions for Environmental Testing . 15 1.3.6.1 Degradation From Sta
17、ndard (DFS) . 15 Standard Test Conditions 15 1.4.1 Basic Equipment 15 1.4.2 Associated Equipment 15 1.4.3 Special Function Subsystems 15 1.4.4 Standard Conditions for the Power Supply 16 1.4.4.1 General . 16 1.4.4.2 Standard Test Voltage for Equipment Supplied by Accumulator Batteries 16 1.4.4.3 Sta
18、ndard AC Voltage and Frequency . 17 1.4.5 Standard Atmospheric Conditions . 17 Characteristics of Test Equipment . 18 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1 S.4 1.5.5 1.5.6 1.5.7 1.5.8 1.5.9 1.5.10 1.5.11 1.5.12 1.5.13 1.5.14 1.5.15 1.5.16 1 .5 . 17 1.5.18 1.5.19 1.5.20 1.5.21 1.5.22 Distortion. SINAD. and Audio-frequ
19、ency level meter . 18 RF Signai Generators . 19 Digital Multi-Meter 20 RF Power Meter . 20 SpectrumAnalyzer 20 Test Receiver . 21 Audio frequency Output Test Load 22 RF and AF Frequency Counter . 22 Oscilloscope 22 RFAttenuator . 23 Audio frequency Signal Generator . 23 RFPeakDetector . 23 Direction
20、al Coupler 24 TX Key Control 24 Dummy Microphone . 24 Variable dc Power Supply Variable ac Power Supply Standard Radiation Test Site (3 meter) 25 RF Signal Generator Combiner . AF Signal Generator Combiner . Impulse Generator . 27 24 25 Standard Radiation Test Site (30 meter) 26 27 27 ii EIA TSB78 9
21、6 3234600 0577453 695 August 19. 1996 TIA/EIA TSB78 1.5.23 1.5.24 1.5.25 1.5.26 1.5.27 1.5.28 1.5.29 1.5.30 1.5.31 1.5.32 1.5.33 Line Stabilization Network (UN) . 28 RF step attenuator . 28 Audio Frequency Step Attenuator . 28 29 Constant Impedance Line Stretcher (CILS) 30 Notch Filter 30 Sound Leve
22、l Meter 30 50 Ohm Termination . 30 RFSwitch . 30 CTCSS/CDCSS Signal Generator 31 Acoustic Chamber . 32 Lumped Constant Line Stretcher (LCLS) . 2.METHODSOFMEASUREMENT . 33 2.1 Methods of Measurements for Receivers . 33 2.1.1 Radiated Spurious Emission . 33 2.1.2 Conducted Spurious Emission 35 2.1.3 P
23、ower Line Conducted Spurious Emission 36 2.1.4 Reference Sensitivity . 36 2.1.5 Variation of SINAD with Signal Frequency . 37 2.1.6 Adjacent Channel Rejection . 38 2.1.7 Spurious Response Rejection 39 2.1.8 Intermodulation Rejection 41 2.1.9 Audio Frequency Response . 42 2.1.10 Signal-teResidual Out
24、put Power Ratio 43 2.1.11 Audio Harmonic Distortion . 44 2.1.12 Audio Squelch Sensitivity 45 2.1.13 Squelch Blacking 46 2.1.14 Receiver Attack Time 48 2.1.15 Receiver Closing Time . 49 2.1.16 Audio Sensitivity . 50 2.1.17 Impulse Blanking Effectiveness . 51 2.1.18 Average Radiation Sensitivity 52 2.
25、1.19 Acoustic Audio Output 54 2.1.20 ExpansionRatio 54 2.1.21 Desired Signai Dynamic Range (AGC Range) 55 2.2 Methods of Measurements for Transmitters 57 2.2.1 RF Output Power Rating . 57 2.2.2 Transmitter Frequency Stability 58 2.2.3 Modulation Limiting . 60 2.2.4 Transmit Attack Time 61 2.2.5 Audi
26、o Sensitivity . 62 2.2.7 Audio Harmonic Distortion . 63 2.2.6 Audio Frequency Response . 62 iii TINEIA TSB78 August 19. 1996 2.2.8 FM Hum and Noise Ratio . 64 2.2.9 AM Hum and Noise Ratio 65 2.2.10 Acoustic Microphone Sensitivity 66 2.2.11 Sideband Spectrum 68 2.2.12 Radiated Spurious Emissions 69 2
27、.2.13 Conducted Spurious Emissions . 72 2.2.14 Adjacent Channel Power Ratio . 74 2.2.16 Average Radiated Power Output 79 2.2.17 Transmitter Stability into VSWR 80 2.2.18 Compression Ratio . 82 2.2.19 Transient Frequency Behavior . 83 2.3 Methods of Measurement for Unit Characteristics . 86 2.3.1 Pow
28、er Supply Voltage Range 86 2.3.2 TemperatureRange 86 2.3.3 High Humidity . 87 2.3.4 Vibration Stability . 88 2.3.5 Shockstability . 88 2.3.6 DC Supply Noise Susceptibility 89 2.3.7 BatteryLife 89 2.3.8 Dimensions . 90 2.3.9 Weight . 90 2.4 Methods of Measurement for Subaudible Signaling 92 2.4.1 Squ
29、elch Opening SINAD 92 2.4.2 Receiver Audio Attack Time 93 2.4.3 Receiver Audio Closing Time 94 2.4.4 96 2.4.5 Signal-to-Residual Output Power Ratio . 97 2.4.6 CTCSS Decoder Response Bandwidth . 99 2.4.7 FalseResponseRate . 99 2.4.8 Receiver Audio Response . 100 2.4.9 Squelch Tail Elimination 102 2.4
30、.10 Transmitter Modulation Limiting . 103 2.4.11 Encoder Response Time 104 2.4.12 CTCSS Encoder Frequency 104 2.4.13 CTCSS Tone Distortion 105 2.4.14 CDCSS Waveform Distortion . 106 2.4.15 Transmitter AM Hum and Noise Ratio . 107 2.4.16 Transmitter Subaudible Deviation 108 2.4.17 Transmitter Squelch
31、 Tail Elimination Burst . 109 2.2.15 Intermodulation Attenuation . 77 Receiver Audio Attack Time with RF Frequency Offset 3 . STANDARDS FOR MOBILES 110 3.1 Standards for Mobile Receivers . 111 3.1.1 Radiated Spurious Emissions . 111 iv EIA TSB78 9b 3234600 0577455 468 m August 19. 1996 TIA/EIA TSB78
32、 3.1.2 Conducted Spurious Emissions 112 3.1.3 Power Line Conducted Spurious Emissions . 113 3.1.4 Reference Sensitivity 114 3.1.5 Variation of SINAD with Signal Frequency 115 3.1.6 Adjacent Channel Rejection 115 3.1.7 Spurious Response Rejection . 116 3.1.8 Intermodulation Rejection . 116 3.1.9 Audi
33、o Frequency Response 117 3.1.10 Signal-teResidual Output Power Ratio . 117 3.1.11 Audio Harmonic Distortion 118 3.1.12 Audio Squelch Sensitivity . 118 3.1.13 Squelch Blocking 120 3.1.14 Receiver Attack Time . 121 3.1.15 Receiver Closing Time 121 3.1.16 Audio Sensitivity 121 3.1.17 Impulse Blanking E
34、ffectiveness 122 3.1.18 Average radiation sensitivity 122 3.1.19 Acoustic audio output . 122 3.1.20 Expansion Ratio . 122 3.1.21 Desired Signal Dynamic Range (AGC Range) . 123 3.2 Standards for Mobile Transmitters . 124 3.2.1 RF Output Power Rating 124 3.2.2 Transmit Frequency Stability . 125 3.2.3
35、Modulation Limiting 126 3.2.4 Transmitter Attack Time 126 3.2.5 Audio Sensitivity 127 3.2.6 Audio Frequency Response 127 3.2.7 Audio Harmonic Distortion 127 3.2.8 FM Hum and Noise Ratio . 128 3.2.9 AM Hum and Noise Ratio . 128 3.2.10 Acoustic Microphone Sensitivity . 128 3.2.11 Sideband Spectrum . 1
36、29 3.2.12 Radiated Spurious Emissions . 130 3.2.13 Conducted Spurious Emissions 130 3.2.14 Adjacent Channel Power Ratio 131 3.2.15 Intermodulation Attenuation 131 3.2.16 Average Radiated Power Output . 131 3.2.17 Transmitter stability Into VSWR . 131 3.2.18 Compression Ratio . 132 3.2.19 Transient F
37、requency Behavior of Transmitter . 132 3.3 Standards for Mobile Unit Characteristics . 135 3.3.1 Power Supply Voltage Range . 135 3.3.2 TemperatureRange . 137 TINEIA TSB78 August 19. 1996 3.3.3 High Humidity 139 3.3.4 Vibration Stability 141 3.3.5 Shockstability 142 3.3.6 DC Supply Noise Susceptibil
38、ity . 3.3.7 BatteryLife . 142 3.3.8 Dimensions 142 3.3.9 Weight 143 142 4 . STANDARDS FOR BASE STATIONS . 144 4.1 Standards for Base Station Receivers 145 4.1.1 Radiated Spurious Emissions . 145 4.1.2 Conducted Spurious Emissions 146 4.1.3 Power Line Conducted Spurious Emissions . 147 4.1.4 Referenc
39、e Sensitivity 148 4.1.5 Variation of SINAD with Signal Frequency 148 4.1.6 Adjakent Channel Rejection 149 4.1.7 Spurious Response Rejection . 149 4.1.8 Intermodulation Rejection . 150 4.1.9 Audio Frequency Response 150 4.1.10 Signal-teResidual Output Power Ratio . 151 4.1.11 Audio Harmonic Distortio
40、n 151 4.1.12 Audio Squelch Sensitivity . 152 4.1.13 Squelch Blocking 154 4.1.14 Receiver Attack Time . 154 4.1.15 Receiver Closing Time 154 4.1.16 Audio Sensitivity 155 4.1.17 Impulse Blanking Effectiveness 155 4.1.18 Average radiation sensitivity . 155 4.1.19 Acoustic audio output . 155 4.1.20 Expa
41、nsionRatio . 156 4.1.21 Desired Signal Dynamic Range (AGC Range) . 156 4.2 Standards for Base Station Transmitters 157 4.2.1 RF Output Power Rating 157 4.2.2 Transmit Frequency Stability . 158 4.2.3 Modulation Limiting 158 4.2.4 Transmitter Attack Time 159 4.2.5 Audio Sensitivity 4.2.6 Audio Frequen
42、cy Response 160 4.2.7 Audio Harmonic Distortion 160 4.2.8 FM Hum and Noise Ratio . 160 4.2.9 AM Hum and Noise Ratio . 161 4.2.10 Acoustic Microphone Sensitivity . 161 4.2.11 Sideband Spectrum . 162 4.2.12 Radiated Spurious Emissions . 163 159 Vi EIA TSB78 96 m 3234600 0577457 230 m August 19. 1996 T
43、IA/EIA TSB78 4.3 4.2.13 Conducted Spurious Emissions 163 4.2.14 Adjacent Channel Power Ratio 164 4.2.15 Intermodulation Attenuation 164 4.2.16 Average Radiated Power Output . 164 4.2.17 Transmitter Stability Into VSWR . 164 4.2.18 Compression Ratio . 165 4.2.19 Transient Frequency Behavior of Transm
44、itter . 165 Standards for Base Station Unit Characteristics 168 4.3.1 Power Supply Voltage Range . 168 4.3.2 Temperature Range 170 4.3.3 High Humidity 172 4.3.4 Vibration Stability 174 4.3.5 Shockstability 175 4.3.6 DC Supply Noise Susceptibility . 175 4.3.7 Battery Life . 175 4.3.8 Dimensions 175 4
45、.3.9 Weight 175 5. STANDARDSFORPORTABLES 5.1 Standards for Portable Receivers 5.1.1 Radiated Spurious Emissions . 5.1.2 Conducted Spurious Emissions 5.1.3 Power Line Conducted Spurious Emissions . 5.1.4 Reference Sensitivity 5.1.5 Variation of SINAD with Signal Frequency 5.1.6 Adjacent Channel Rejec
46、tion 5.1.7 Spurious Response Rejection . 5.1.8 Intermodulation Rejection . 5.1.9 Audio Frequency Response 5.1.10 Signal-to-Residual Output Power Ratio . 5.1.11 Audio Harmonic Distortion 5.1.12 Audio Squelch Sensitivity . 5.1.14 Receiver Attack Time . 5.1.15 Receiver Closing Time 5.1.16 Audio Sensiti
47、vity 5.1.17 Impulse Blanking Effectiveness 5.1.18 Average Radiation Sensitivity . 5.1.19 Acoustic audio output . 5.1.20 Expansion Ratio . 5.1.21 Desired Signal Dynamic Range (AGC Range) . Standards for Portable Transmitters . 5.2.1 RF Output Power Rating 5.1.13 Squelch Blocking 5.2 176 176 177 178 1
48、78 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 184 185 186 186 186 187 187 188 188 188 189 189 vii EIA TSB78 b m 3239600 0577958 177 = TINEIA TSB78 August 19. 1996 5.2.2 Transmit Frequency Stability . 190 5.2.3 Modulation Limiting 190 5.2.4 Transmitter Attack Time 191 5.2.5 Audio Sensitivity 191 5.2.6 Audio Fre
49、quency Response 192 5.2.7 Audio Harmonic Distortion 192 5.2.8 FM Hum and Noise Ratio . 192 5.2.9 AM Hum and Noise Ratio . 193 5.2.10 Acoustic Microphone Sensitivity . 193 5.2.11 Sideband Spectrum . 193 5.2.12 Radiated Spurious Emissions 194 5.2.13 Conducted Spurious Emissions 195 5.2.14 Adjacent Channel Power Ratio 196 5.2.15 Intermodulation Attenuation 196 5.2.16 Average Radiated Power Output . 196 5.2.17 Transmitter Stability Into VSWR . 1% 5.2.18 Compression Ratio . 197 5.2.19 Transient Frequency Behavior of Transmitter . 197 5.3 Standards for Portable Unit Characteristics
