1、TIASTANDARDFOTP-201Return Loss of Connectorized Polarization-Maintaining Fiber orPolarizing Fiber Pigtailed Devices and Cable Assemblies TIA-455-201August 2001 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-201-2001 Approved: August 8, 2001 Reaffirmed: April 25, 2008 NOTICETIA Engineering
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6、practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 3-2761, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-4 Fiber Optics, FO-4.3 Subcommittee on Passive Optical Devices and Components.) Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATI
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22、 THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA/EIA-455-201iContents1. Introduction . 12. Normative references 33. Apparatus 34. Sampling and specimens . 75. Procedure . 76.
23、Calculation or interpretation of results 117. Documentation 118. Specification information 12ANNEX A. Comparison between this standard and other TIA, IEC or ITU standards13Figure 1. Types of Polarization-Maintaining Fiber 2Figure 2. Steps 5.5 through 5.6 . 9Figure 3. Steps 5.7 and 5.8 9Figure 4. Ste
24、ps 5.9 and 5.10 10Table 1. Wavelength Requirements Of Optical Power Source 4TIA/EIA-455-201iiThis Page Left BlankTIA/EIA-455-201iii_Foreword_This Standard comes from TIA Project No. 4246 and was formulated under thecognizance of TIA subcommittee FO-6.9.This FOTP is part of a series of test procedure
25、s included within RecommendedStandard TIA/EIA-455.This Standard describes a new test method. There is one informative annex to thisStandard.Key words: polarization-maintaining fiber, polarizing fiber, PMF, PZF, return loss, backreflection, interconnection device.TIA/EIA-455-201ivThis Page Left Blank
26、TIA/EIA-455-2011FOTP-201Return Loss of ConnectorizedPolarization-Maintaining or Polarizing FiberPigtailed Devices or Cable Assemblies_1. Introduction_1.1 IntentThis Standard specifies a procedure for the measurement of the return loss of afiber optic interconnection on single mode, highly linearly b
27、irefringent opticalfiber, i.e. either polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber or polarizing (PZ) fiber. Theconnector can be mounted on the PMF/PZF pigtail of a component or part of acable assembly. Return loss, as used in this Standard, is the ratio of powerincident on, or entering the DUT, to the total
28、 power reflected by the DUT,expressed in decibels. The method described in this Standard is the PMF/PZFequivalent of ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-107 with the return loss reported as a positivenumber.Alternately, this measurement is sometimes called “reflectance” for which thevalues are simply the negative of r
29、eturn loss. Thus, “reflectance” is the ratio indecibels of the power reflected by the DUT, to the power incident on, or enteringthe DUT. The preferred terminology is “return loss” as will be used throughoutthe rest of this Standard.1.2 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Standard, the following defi
30、nitions apply.Birefringence. The property of a material in which orthogonal light polarizationshave different indices of refraction, which cause the light at those polarizationsto travel at different speeds (also referred to as the fast and slow axes). Linearlybirefringent fiber maintains linear pol
31、arization states along the length of the fiber.Unstable birefringence in standard single-mode fiber causes the states ofpolarization to behave in an unpredictable way. Polarization-maintaining fibersare a special class of single-mode fibers with a highly birefringent waveguidestructure that maintain
32、 the polarization states across the length of the fiber.TIA/EIA-455-2012Polarization-Maintaining Fiber (PMF). A class of highly linearly birefringentsingle-mode fiber, unlike the common variety of low birefringence, single-modefiber used in telecommunication networks. PMF is used to guide linearlypo
33、larized light from point to point, that is, to ensure that polarization does notchange with distance. As shown in Figure 1, the birefringence of commercialPMF is stress-induced by placing the core between or within glass elements ofdifferent physical composition, or by forming a non-round core.Polar
34、izing Fiber (PZF). A highly birefringent optical fiber in which only onepolarization state is propagated with low attenuation.Principal Optical Axes. Those optical axes for which the speed of light in alinearly birefringent material is a maximum or a minimum.Slow Axis. The optical axis of a PMF or P
35、ZF which is aligned to the stress rods(as in PANDA or Bow-tie fiber), the stress region (as in Oval stress region fiber),or the major axis of an elliptical core fiber. For PMF to be actually polarizationmaintaining, linearly polarized light must be aligned with one of the axes,commonly the slow axis
36、. By convention, the anti-rotation key of the connectorshould be aligned with the slow axis as defined in FOCIS-4A and to be followedfor other connector types, as shown in Figure 1.Fast Axis. The optical axis of a PMF or PZF which is orthogonal to the slowaxis. See Figure 1.PandaBow TieOvalCoreOval
37、StressRegionSlow axis(Aligned WithConnector Key)FastAxisFigure 1. Types of Polarization-Maintaining FiberDevice Under Test (DUT). The specimen, or device, under test.TIA/EIA-455-20132. Normative references_The following standards contain provisions, which, through reference in this text,constitute p
38、rovisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the editionsindicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties toagreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibilityof applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. ANSI an
39、dTIA maintain registers of currently valid national standards published by them.ANSI/TIA/EIA 440-A Fiber Optic TerminologyANSI/TIA/EIA 455-A Standard Test Procedure for Fiber Optic Fibers, Cables, Transducers, Sensors, Connecting and Terminating Devices, and Other Fiber Optic ComponentsANSI/TIA/EIA
40、455-80 FOTP-80, Cut-off Wavelength MeasurementProcedureANSI/TIA/EIA 455-107A FOTP-107, Determination of Component Reflectanceor Link/System Return Los Using a Loss Test SetANSI/TIA/EIA 455-180 FOTP-180, Measurement of the optical transfercoefficients of a passive branching device (coupler)ANSI/TIA/E
41、IA 604 Fiber Optic Connector Intermateability StandardANSI/TIA/EIA 604-4A FOCIS 4A, Fiber Optic Connector IntermateabilityStandard Type FC with APC and PolarizationMaintaining RequirementsTELCORDIA GR-326-CORE Generic Specification for Single ModeConnectors and Cable Assemblies (Issue 3)_3. Apparatu
42、s_The following apparatus and equipment are required to perform this test.TIA/EIA-455-20143.1 Optical light sourceThe optical power source shall be a diode laser, either modulated orunmodulated, whose center wavelength and spectral width shall be within theparameters provided in Table 1, unless othe
43、rwise specified in the DetailSpecification. In addition, the source shall not emit more than 0.1% (-30dB) ofits optical power at wavelengths shorter than the cutoff wavelength (per FOTP-80) of any of the fibers (SMF/PMF/PZF) incorporated in the measurementapparatus.Table 1. Wavelength Requirements O
44、f Optical Power SourceNominal Wavelength Center Wavelength RMS Spectral Width1310nm 1310nm +/- 30nm 5nm1550nm 1550nm +/- 30nm 5nmThe optical power of the light source must either be stable over the duration ofthe test or normalized by means of a reference. Without a reference, theuncontrolled variat
45、ion in source power must be less than 1% (0.05 dB) duringthe measurement.The source power must be capable of meeting the dynamic range requirementsof the measurement when combined with the detector sensitivity. In addition,the power launched into the component must not be at such a high level as toi
46、nduce non-linear scattering at levels higher than 10 dB below the level of testsensitivity desired. Use of an isolator is optional, but is recommended for lasersources to ensure stable operation.The optical power source should not be a single-spectral-line laser. Single-spectral-line lasers may have
47、 a coherence length long enough to turn the testset-up into an interferometer. Additionally, if the Device Under Test (DUT) issufficiently reflective, a narrow line width source may be destabilized.3.2 Single-mode optical directional couplerThe coupler shall be fabricated from non-PMF/PZF single-mod
48、e fiber whosecore diameter, numerical aperture and cut-off wavelength most closely matchesthe PMF/PZF of the DUT. The coupler shall also be polarization insensitive toprevent any dependence on the angular position at which the DUT is connected.The directional coupler (or splitter) may be of any convenient coupling ratio if theselecting coupling ration remains stable throughout the measurementprocedure. Use of a three port (1x2
