1、UFC 3-230-04A 16 January 2004 UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC) WATER DISTRIBUTION APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 3-230-04A 16 January 2004 1UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC) WA
2、TER DISTRIBUTION Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use. Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (Preparing Activity)NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND AIR FORCE CIVI
3、L ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY Record of Changes (changes are indicated by 1 . /1/) Change No. Date Location This UFC supersedes TI 814-03, dated 3 August 98. The format of this UFC does not conform to UFC 1-300-01; however, the format will be adjusted to conform at the next revision. The body of this UF
4、C is the previous TI 814-03, dated 3 August 98. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 3-230-04A 16 January 2004 2FOREWORD 1 The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, constr
5、uction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD(AT distribution is unlimited.Record of Changes (changes indicated by 1/1/)No. Date LocationThis Technical Instruction super
6、sedes EI 11C103, dated 1 March 1997.(EI 11C103 text is included in this Technical Instruction and may carry EI 11C103 identification.)Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEMP-E TI 814-033 August 1998FOREWORDThese technical instructions (T
7、I) provide design and construction criteria and apply toall U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) commands having military constructionresponsibilities. TI will be used for all Army projects and for projects executed for othermilitary services or work for other customers where appropriate.TI are livi
8、ng documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made availableto users as part of the HQUSACE responsibility for technical criteria and policy for newmilitary construction. CEMP-ET is responsible for administration of the TI system;technical content of TI is the responsibility of the HQ
9、USACE element of the disciplineinvolved. Recommended changes to TI, with rationale for the changes, should be sentto HQUSACE, ATTN: CEMP-ET, 20 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC20314-1000.TI are effective upon issuance. TI are distributed only in electronic media through theTECHINFO Internet si
10、te http:/www.hnd.usace.army.mil/techinfo/index.htm and theConstruction Criteria Base (CCB) system maintained by the National Institute ofBuilding Sciences at Internet site http:/www.nibs.org/ccb/. Hard copies of theseinstructions produced by the user from the electronic media should be checked again
11、stthe current electronic version prior to use to assure that the latest instructions are used.FOR THE DIRECTOR OF MILITARY PROGRAMS:KISUK CHEUNG, P.E.Chief, Engineering and Construction DivisionDirectorate of Military ProgramsProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted witho
12、ut license from IHS-,-,-iDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY EI 11C103U.S. Army Corps of Engineers CEMP-E Washington, DC 20314-1000Engineering InstructionsNo. 11C103 1 March 1997WATER SUPPLY, WATER STORAGETable of ContentsPageCHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTIONParagraph 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE 1-12. APPLICABILITY 1-13. REFEREN
13、CES 1-14. OBJECTIVES OF STORAGE . 1-1CHAPTER 2. REQUIREMENTSParagraph 1. GENERAL 2-12. GROUND STORAGE . 2-13. ELEVATED STORAGE . 2-1CHAPTER 3. DETERMINATION OF CAPACITY REQUIREMENTSParagraph 1. TOTAL STORAGE REQUIREMENT . 3-12. ELEVATED STORAGE CAPACITY 3-23. ECONOMIC ANALYSES . 3-3CHAPTER 4. DESIGN
14、 AND CONSTRUCTION OF WATER STORAGE FACILITIESParagraph 1. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS . 4-12. ROOFS AND COVERS . 4-13. ALTITUDE VALVES 4-24. INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL 4-25. DISINFECTION . 4-2Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iiCEMP-E EI 11
15、C103 1 March 1997Table of Contents (continued) Page6. DESIGN ANALYSES . 4-37. CORROSION CONTROL . 4-38. COATING SYSTEMS 4-39. BID DOCUMENTS 4-4APPENDIX A REFERENCES A-1APPENDIX B TYPICAL DESIGN EXAMPLES . B-1FIGURESFigure Title1-3 Effects of elevated storage . 1-32-1 Elevated storage tank (alternati
16、ve design) . 2-32-2 Elevated storage tank (alternative design) . 2-4Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEMP-E EI 11C1031 March 19971-1CHAPTER 1GENERAL1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE. This document provides design criteria for water storage requirem
17、ents atmilitary facilities, gives typical design analyses for elevated tanks, standpipes, and reservoirs, and providesguidance on the procedures to be followed in selecting sites for such storage works. The manual coversrequirements for treated water storage in the distribution system, but not the s
18、torage requirements for rawwater supplies or fire deluge systems. 2. APPLICABILITY. These instructions are applicable to all USACE elements planning and designingwater storage facilities at fixed Army and Air Force installations.3. REFERENCES. Appendix A contains a list of references used in these i
19、nstructions.4. OBJECTIVES OF STORAGE. a. Flow Requirements. Storage should meet peak flow requirements, equalize system pressures, andprovide emergency water supply. The water supply system must provide flows of water sufficient in quantityto meet all points of demand in the distribution system. To
20、do so, the source must produce the requiredquantity and quality, pressure levels within the distribution system must be high enough to provide suitablepressure, and water distribution mains must be large enough to carry these flows. It is usually inefficientand uneconomical to construct the treatmen
21、t plant and pumping stations sufficiently large to meet thelargest anticipated water demands. A water treatment plant is less efficient if flow rates through the plantare rapidly varied. Water storage facilities are constructed within a distribution network to meet the peakflow requirements exerted
22、on the system and to provide emergency storage.b. Cost. At times it is desirable to know the cost of constructing water storage for fire protection. In suchcases only the actual fire flow for the fire period will be used in establishing the proportionate share of thetotal cost of storage. Cost of th
23、at portion of the storage required for concurrent domestic, industrial, orspecial demands that cannot be curtailed during the fire period will not be charged to fire protection. c. Meeting peak flow requirements. Water supply systems must be designed to satisfy maximumanticipated water demands. The
24、peak demands usually occur on hot, dry, summer days when larger thannormal amounts of water are used for watering lawns and washing vehicles and equipment. In addition,most industrial processes, especially those requiring supplies of cooling water, experience greaterevaporation on hot days, thus req
25、uiring more water. The water treatment plant can operate at a relativelyuniform rate throughout the day of maximum demand if enough storage is available to handle variations inwater use. The necessary storage can be provided in elevated ground, or a combination of both types ofstorage.d. Distributio
26、n system pressures.(1) System pressure requirements.(a) Minimum pressures. Water distribution system, including pumping facilities and storage tanksor reservoirs, should be designed so that water pressures of at least 280 kPa (40 psi) at ground level will bemaintained at all points in the system, in
27、cluding the highest ground elevations in the service area. Minimumpressures of 210 kPa (30 psi), under peak domestic flow conditions, can be tolerated in small areas as longas all peak flow requirements can be satisfied. During firefighting flows, water pressures should not fallbelow 140 kPa (20 psi
28、) at the hydrants, in new systems. This requirement does not constitute justificationProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EI 11C103 CEMP-E1 March 19971-2or changing existing storage facilities solely for the purpose of increasing residual
29、pressures to 140 kPa (20psi). Refer to TM 5-813-6/AFM 88-10, Vol. 6 for additional guidance on minimum residual pressures for fireflow.(b) Maximum pressure. Maximum water pressures in distribution mains and service lines shouldnot normally exceed 520 kPa (75 psi)at ground elevation. Static pressures
30、 up to 670 kPa (100 psi) can betolerated in distribution systems in small, low-lying areas. Higher pressures require pressure reducingvalves on feeder mains or individual service lines to restrict maximum service pressures to 520 kPa (75 psi).(c) Multiple pressure levels. If an extensive area has pr
31、essures higher than 520 kPa (75 psi) orlower than 280 kPa (40 psi) under a single pressure level configuration, it may be appropriate to divide thesystem into two or more separate areas, each having different pressure levels. Within each level,pressures within the distribution system should range fr
32、om 280 to 520 kPa (40 to 75 psi) at groundelevation.(2) Pressure distribution with elevated storage.(a) Elevated storage within the distribution system permits distribution pumps at the treatmentplant to operate at uniform rates.(b) The usefulness of elevated storage is shown in figure 1-1. The syst
33、em illustrated in figure 1-1(A) (without elevated storage) requires storage at the plant sufficient to provide for system demand rates inexcess of the plant production rate, assuming the plant is operated at a uniform rate. The pump stationforces water into the service main, through which it is carr
34、ied to three load areas: A, B, and C. Since allloads on the system are met without the use of elevated storage, the pump station must be capable ofsupplying the peak rates of water use to Areas A, B, and C, simultaneously, while maintaining the waterpressure to Area C at a sufficient level. The mini
35、mum recommended pressure in the distribution systemunder peak nonemergency flow conditions is 280 kPa (40 psi). Figure l-l (B) assumes the construction ofan elevated storage tank on the service main between Areas B and C, with peak loads in Area C and part ofthe peak load in Area B being satisfied f
36、rom this tank. The elevation of the tank ensures adequatepressures within the system. The storage in the tank is replenished when water demands are low and thepump station can fill the tank while still meeting all flow and pressure requirements in the system. Thefigure 1-1 (B) arrangement reduces re
37、quired capacity of the distribution pumps.(c) Most elevated storage tanks “float“ on the distribution system. That is, the elevated tank ishydraulically connected to the distribution system, and the volume of water in the tank tends to maintainsystem pressures at a uniform level. When water use is h
38、igh and pumping facilities cannot maintainadequate pressures, water is discharged from elevated tanks. Conversely, when water use is low, thepumps, which operate within a reasonably uniform head-capacity range, supply excess water to the systemand the elevated storage is refilled.e. Provision of eme
39、rgency water supplies.(1) Firefighting flows. This demand can occur at any time, but may well coincide with other largewater demands on the system. Necessary flows for fire fighting purposes are as given in TM 5-813-6/AFM88-10, Vol. 6, and TM 5-813-7/AFM 88-10, Vol. 7. Storage and distribution facil
40、ities will include capacity forrequired firefighting flows at adequate pressures at any point of the installation.(2) Other emergencies. Water storage must provide an emergency supply of water in the event thewater treatment plant, distribution pumps, or a principal transmission main is out of servi
41、ce. The amount ofemergency storage required depends on the reliability of the system and the extent of other safeguardsincorporated into the system, i.e., finished water interconnections with a municipality (for either normal oremergency use).Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networkin
42、g permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEMP-E EI 11C1031 March 19971-3Figure 1-1. Effects of elevated storageProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEMP-E EI 11C1031 March 19972-1CHAPTER 2TYPES OF STORAGE1. GENERAL. Required storage capaci
43、ty at military installations is met by use of elevated or groundstorage. Elevated storage, feeds the water distribution system by gravity flow. Storage which must bepumped into the system is generally in ground storage tanks. Clearwell storage, which is usually part of awater treatment plant, is not
44、 included in computing storage unless sufficient firm pumping capacity isprovided to assure that the storage can be utilized under emergency conditions, and then only to the extentof storage in excess of the 24-hour requirements of the treatment plant. Clearwell storage is used to supplypeak water d
45、emand rates in excess of the production rate, and to provide a reservoir for plant use, filterbackwash supply, and water supply to the system for short periods when plant production is stoppedbecause of failure or replacement of some component or unit of treatment.2. GROUND STORAGE.a. General. Groun
46、d storage is usually located remote from the treatment plant but within the distributionsystem. Ground storage is used to reduce treatment plant peak production rates and also as a source ofsupply for pumping to a higher pressure level. Such storage for pumping is common in distribution systemscover
47、ing a large area, because the outlying service areas are beyond the range of the primary pumpingfacilities. b. Type. Ground storage tanks or reservoirs, below ground, partially below ground, or constructedabove ground level in the distribution system, may be accompanied by pump stations if not built
48、 atelevations providing the required system pressure by gravity. However, if the terrain permits, this designlocation of ground tanks at elevation sufficient for gravity flow is preferred. Reservoirs are the mostcommon type of water storage structure and are categorized as being ground supported with a flat bottomand a height no greater than its diameter. Concrete reservoirs are generally built no deeper than 6-7.5meters (20-25 feet) below ground surface. If rock is present, it is usuall
