1、NOVEMBER 29,2000 1 SUBJECT 2178 OUTLINE OF INVESTIGATION FOR MARKING AND CODING EQUIPMENT Issue Number: 1 November 29,2000 COPYRIGHT O 2000 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. 2 SUBJECT 2178 NOVEMBER 29,2000 No Text on This Page NOVEMBER 29. 2000 SUBJECT 2178 3 CONTENTS FOREWORD 4 INTRODUCTION 1 Scope .
2、5 2 General 5 2.1 Components . 5 2.2 Units of measurement . 6 2.3 Reference . 6 3 Glossary . 6 CONSTRUCTION 4 Ink-Jet Printers . 7 4.1 General . 7 4.2 Pressurized fluid systems 7 5 Laser Printers 8 PERFORMANCE 6 Ink-Jet Printers . 8 6.1 General . 8 6.2 Pressurized-fluid system tests 9 6.3 Plastic ta
3、nk compatibility test . 11 6.4 Polyethylene container stress cracking test . 11 6.5 Polyethylene tubing stress cracking test 12 6.6 Brass-fitting stress cracking test . 12 6.7 Ten-day moist ammonia air stress cracking test . 12 6.8 Sustained pressure test 13 6.9 Static-electricity discharge test 13
4、6.1 O Pressure relief device start-to-discharge test . 13 6.1 1 Flammable mixture vapor-air test . 14 7 Laser Printers . 14 7.1 General 14 MARKING 8 Ink-Jet Printers 14 9 Laser Printers . 14 INSTALLATION 10 Ink-Jet Printers . 15 11 Laser Printers 15 INSTRUCTION MANUAL 12 General 15 13 Ink-Jet Printe
5、rs . 15 14 Laser Printers 15 4 SUBJECT 2178 NOVEMBER 29,2000 FOREWORD A. This Outline of Investigation contains basic requirements for products covered by Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) under its Follow-Up Service for this category within the limitations given below and in the Scope section of
6、this Outline of Investigation. They are subject to revision as further experience and investigation may show is necessary or desirable. B. The observance of these requirements by a manufacturer is one of the conditions of the continued coverage of the manufacturers product. C. A product which compli
7、es with the text of this Outline of Investigation will not necessarily be judged to comply with the Outline of Investigation if, when examined and tested, it is found to have other features which impair the level of safety contemplated by these requirements. D. A product employing materials or havin
8、g forms of construction which conflict with specific requirements of the Outline of Investigation cannot be judged to comply with the Outline of Investigation. A product employing materials or having forms of construction not addressed by this Outline of Investigation may be examined and tested acco
9、rding to the intent of the requirements and, if found to meet the intent of this Outline of Investigation, may be judged to comply with the Outline of Investigation. E. UL, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility of
10、the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of UL represent its professional judgement given with due consideration to the necessary limitations of practical operation and state of the art at the time the Outline of Investigation is processed. UL shall not be responsible to anyone
11、 for the use of or reliance upon this Outline of Investigation by anyone. UL shall not incur any obligation or liability for damages, including consequential damages, arising out of or in connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this Outline of Investigation. F. Many tests requir
12、ed by the Outline of Investigations of UL are inherently hazardous and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting such tests. NOVEMBER 29,2000 SUBJECT 2178 5 INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 This outline of investigation covers marking and coding equipment rated 600 V or
13、less using an ink-jet or laser printer for production-line labeling and coding. The equipment is intended for commercial or industrial applications. These requirements cover cord connected and permanently connected equipment. 1.2 Laser products covered by these requirements are intended for installa
14、tion in accordance with the American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers, ANSI 2136.1. 1.3 These requirements do not cover ink-jet or laser printers intended for applications that fall under the scope of the Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment, Including Electrical Business
15、Equipment; UL 1950, or the Standard for Graphic Arts Equipment, UL 775. 1.4 A product that contains features, characteristics, components, materials, or systems new or different from those covered by the requirements in this outline of investigation, and that involves a risk of fire, electric shock,
16、 or injury to persons shall be evaluated using the appropriate additional component and end-product requirements to determine that the level of safety as originally anticipated by the intent of this outline of investigation is maintained. A product whose features, characteristics, components, materi
17、als, or systems conflict with specific requirements or provisions of this outline of investigation shall not be judged to comply with this outline of investigation. Where appropriate, revision of requirements shall be proposed and adopted in conformance with the methods employed for development, rev
18、ision, and implementation of this outline of investigation. 2 General 2.1 Components 2.1.1 Other than as specified in 2.1.2, a component of a product covered by this outline of investigation shall comply with the requirements for that component. 2.1.2 A component is not required to comply with a spe
19、cific requirement that: a) Involves a feature or characteristic not required in the application of the component in the product covered by this outline of investigation, or b) Is superseded by a requirement in this outline of investigation. 2.1.3 A component shall be used in accordance with its rati
20、ng established for the intended conditions of use. 2.1.4 Specific components are incomplete in construction features or restricted in performance capabilities. Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such as certain temperatures not exceeding specified limits, and shall b
21、e used only under those specific conditions. 6 SUBJECT 2178 NOVEMBER 29,2000 2.2 Units of measurement 2.2.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or approximate information. 2.3 Reference 2.3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appeari
22、ng in the requirements of this outline of investigation shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard. 3 Glossary 3.1 For the purpose of this outline of investigation, the following definitions apply. 3.2 Laser Safety Officer (LSO) - A person responsible for monito
23、ring and enforcing the contr laser or laser system. The LSO is responsible for: a) Classifying or verifying classifications of a laser or laser system, I fa b) Evaluating the risks of fire, electric shock, or injury to persons within the work area in which the laser or laser system operates, c) Impl
24、ementing and auditing control measures, d) Implementing and auditing procedural control measures for the use of a laser or laser system, e) Implementing and auditing the use of laser protective equipment intended for the purpose, f) Verifying the correct use of required signs and labels, g) Verifyin
25、g that the installation of the laser equipment within a facility is in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and in accordance with all safety requirements, h) Auditing safety features of the laser equipment and facility in which the laser or laser system is installed, i) Provide training o
26、n safety features and procedures to personnel working with, or in the vicinity of, a laser or laser system, and j) Determining when medical surveillance is required. 3.3 Pressurized-Fluid System - The parts of an ink-jet printer that processes the ink during operation. These parts include tubing and
27、 fittings, pumps, print heads, pressure vessels, and tanks. NOVEMBER 29,2000 SUBJECT 2178 7 CONSTRUCTION 4 Ink-Jet Printers 4.1 General 4.1.1 In addition to the requirements in this outline of investigation, an ink-jet printer shall comply with the construction requirements in the Standard for Safet
28、y for Information Technology Equipment, Including Electrical Business Equipment, UL 1950. 4.1.2 In addition to the construction requirements in UL 1950, an ink-jet printer incorporating flammable liquids with a flash point of less than 60C (140F) shall comply with Static-Electricity Discharge Test,
29、Section 6.9, and Flammable Mixture Vapor-Air Test, Section 6.1 1. 4.2 Pressurized fluid systems 4.2.1 Maximum pressure 4.2.1.1 The maximum pressure to which a part of a pressurized-fluid system is subjected during intended use or during a single fault condition shall not be greater than the rated pr
30、essure (Prated) for the part. The pressure used to determine compliance shall be the highest of the following: a) The maximum supply pressure specified for an external source; b) The start-to-discharge pressure setting of a pressure-relief device supplied as part of the system; or c) The maximum pre
31、ssure that is able to be developed by a pressurized-fluid system, unless the pressure is limited by a pressure-relief device. 4.2.1.2 A pressurized-fluid system shall comply with Pressurized Fluid System Tests, Section 6.2. 4.2.2 Pressure-relief devices 4.2.2.1 A pressurized-fluid system shall incor
32、porate a pressure-relief device or devices where a pressure greater than rated pressure is able to occur. A pressure-relief device shall comply with the following requirements: a) The device shall not operate during intended use; b) The device shall be connected as close as possible to the pressure
33、vessel or parts of the system that it is intended to protect; c) The device shall be installed such that it is readily accessible for inspection, maintenance, and repair; d) The device shall not be adjustable without the use of a tool; e) The device shall have its discharge opening located and direc
34、ted such that the released material is not directed towards any person; f) The device shall have its discharge opening located and directed so that operation of the device does not deposit material on parts, presenting a risk of fire or injury to persons; 8 SUBJECT 2178 NOVEMBER 29,2000 g) The devic
35、e shall have discharge capacity such that the pressure does not exceed the rated pressure of the system to which it is connected in the event of a failure in the control of the supply pressure. See 4.2.1; h) There shall not be a shut-off valve between a pressure-relief device and the parts that it i
36、s intended to protect. 4.2.2.2 A pressure-relief device shall comply with Pressure-Relief Device Start-to-Discharge Test, Section 6.1 O. 5 Laser Printers 5.1 A laser printer shall comply with the construction requirements in the Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment, Including Elec
37、trical Business Equipment, UL 1950 and with the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 21, 21 CFR 1040. 5.2 With reference to 5.1, compliance of laser products with the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 21, 21 CFR 1040 shall be determined by: a) Determining the Class of laser (as defined in
38、 the CFR) from the manufacturer?s required documentation, such as the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) report, markings and labels, or similar documentation; b) Determining that the corresponding construction features, such as protective housing, interlocks, and similar features, ar
39、e provided in accordance with the CFR; and c) Determining that the resulting construction complies with the construction requirements of the Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment, Including Electrical Business Equipment, UL 1950. PERFORMANCE 6 Ink-Jet Printers 6.1 General 6.1.1 In
40、addition to the requirements in this outline of investigation, an ink-jet printer shall comply with the performance requirements in the Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment, Including Electrical Business Equipment, UL 1950. NOVEMBER 29,2000 SUBJECT 2178 9 6.2 Pressurized-fluid sys
41、tem tests 6.2.1 Hydraulic pressure test 6.2.1.1 A pressure vessel having a pressure-times-volume value greater than 200 kPa-L (7.67 psi-gal), and pressure greater than 50 kPa (7.25 psi), shall be subjected to a hydraulic pressure test as described in 6.2.1.2. As a result of the test, the vessel shal
42、l not burst, leak, or permanently (plastic) deform. Exception No. 1: Where unmarked pressure vessels and pipes are not able to be hydraulically tested, compliance shall be verified by other applicable tests, such as an air pneumatic test at the same test pressure as for the hydraulic test. Exception
43、 No. 2: For a pressure vessel not intended for toxic, flammable, or similar substance, and where no risk of shock exists, a gasket that leaks during this test complies where it occurs at a pressure not less than 40 percent of the required test value, or at a pressure not less than the maximum pressu
44、re. 6.2.1.2 The test pressure shall be the maximum pressure determined in accordance with 4.2.1.1 multiplied by the ratio factor obtained from Figure 6.1. A pressure-relief device which is used to limit the maximum pressure is to be inactive during the test. The pressure is to be raised gradually to
45、 the specified test value and held at that value for 1 minute. Figure 6.1 Ratio between hydraulic test pressure and maximum pressure pi.si I o1 5 -60 10 15 20 25 30 Pm in MPa Maximum Pressure in megapascals 10 SUBJECT 2178 NOVEMBER 29,2000 6.2.2 Leakage test 6.2.2.1 Leakage from fluid-containing par
46、ts at lower pressures than that specified in 6.2.1.1 shall not result in the risk of fire, electric shock, or injury to persons. 6.2.2.2 Compliance is determined by inspection of the ratings of parts and, where required, by subjecting the parts to a fluid pressure of twice the maximum pressure of in
47、tended use. The fluid-containing parts shall not leak presenting a risk of fire, electric shock, or injury to persons. 6.2.3 Creep resistance test 6.2.3.1 Two sets of representative assemblies of the pressurized-fluid system, of which one or more of the components is plastic, shall be conditioned as
48、 specified in 6.2.3.2. Following the conditioning, the system shall comply with Hydraulic Pressure Test, Section 6.2.1, and plastic hoses and connections shall not show signs of deterioration such as cracking or embrittlement. 6.2.3.2 A pressurized-fluid system, of which one or more of the component
49、s is plastic, is to be constructed to represent each of the hoses, fittings, and connections under pressure during operation of the printer. The system is to be conditioned for 14 days at a temperature of 87C (189F) in a full-draft air-circulating oven. 6.2.4 Air oven aging test 6.2.4.1 A polymeric part of a fluid system shall be tested as specified in 6.2.4.2 and 6.2.4.3. As a result of the test, the part shall not show signs of deterioration such as cracking or embrittlement. The tensile strength of the conditioned part shall not be less than 60 percent of the tensile strength of the as
