1、动词语态1.定义:语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。如果主语是动词的执行者，则使用_主动_语态，如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用_被动_语态.2.英语中有两种语态：主动语态 与 被动语态3.主动语态变被动语态：主动：The boy broke the window yesterday.动作执行者 动词主动形式 动作承受者被动：The window was broken by the boy.动作承受者 动词被动形式 动作执行者练习:划出动作的执行者与承受者.主动：Bell invented the telephone in 1876.被动：The phone was inv
2、ented by Bell in 1876.4.结构：be(am/is/are/was/were) + V 及过分eg:1.English is spoken by many people.2.A book is written by him.注：不及物动词和系动词没有被动语态.5.各种时态被动语态结构：(1)一般现在时被动语态:am/is /are+V 及过分eg:The classroom is cleaned every day.(2)一般过去时被动语态:was/were+V 及过分eg:The bike was bought yesterday.(3)含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词(
3、can/may /must/should /need)+be+ V 及过分eg:1.It can be done in one hour.2.Trees must be planted every year.(4)一般将来时被动:will/ shall be+V 及过分eg:The meeting will be held tomorrow.(5)现在进行时被动:am/is/are+being+V 及过分 eg:An English talk is being given by MrWang.(6)现在完成时被动:have/has+been+V 及过分 eg:Many buildings ha
4、ve been built in our city. (7)过去完成时被动:had been+V 及过分eg:Lots of trees had been planted in the past few years.6.被动语态的基本用法：1.强调或突出动作的执行者时用 by+执行者.eg:Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.2.没必要或无法说出动作的执行者.eg:1.Cars are made in Shanghai. 2.Sweaters are used for keeping warm注：1.汉语
5、中的“被 ，受，由 ”等词在翻译英语时常用被动语态2.含有 hear/make/see 的句子变为被动时，需要加 to.eg:1.I often hear her sing in the next room.She _often _ _singin the next room.2.The boss made his brother work 18hours a day.His brother_ _ _ work 18 hours a day.3.用于词组的被动语态,常用于表示据说或相信，eg：It is said that.(据说.) It is reported that(据报道.)It i
6、s well-known that(众所周知)4.有些动词用主动表被动：write/sell/ clean/wash/want(need)+ doing/want(need)+ to be done/be worth doingeg: (1)这种食物尝起来好卖的也好. This food tastes_and _ well.(2)这支笔写的很糟/流畅.This pen _ badly/smoothly.即学即练：1. 用括号中动词被动结构的适当形式填空.1.English_widely_(use) in the world.2.She_(fall) ill last night ,and sh
7、e_(take) to the hospital at once.3.The Great Wall_(know)all over the world.4.Three children_(take) good care of by the nurse.5.Some new houses_(build) by the villagers themselves.6.What language_(speak)in Japan ?7.The black bike_(buy) in that shop three days ago.8.The big tree_(blow) down in the sto
8、rm last night.9.Computer science_(teach) now almost in all universities.10.The first railway in the world _(design) in the last century. 11.The window _ (not break)by the boy just now.12.Visitors _（ask）not to touch the exhibits(展览品).13.A beautiful horse _ (draw) by John yesterday.14.The pictures _ (
9、take) by Jack tomorrow.15.School football game _ (hold) last Friday evening.16.A number of the trees _ (plant) around Dalian every year.17.This book _ (write) for Chinese children at that time.18.He _ (invite) to the party by his friends last Monday.19.The sports meeting _ (hold) next Friday.二.单项选择.
10、1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A.Is; built B.Was; built C.Does; build D.Were,built2.An accident _ on this road last week.A.was happened B.is happened C.happened D.was happening3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow4.A talk on Chinese history _ in th
11、e school hall next week.A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D. will given5.Your shoes _. You need a new pair. A.wear out B.worn outC.are worn out D. wears out 6.It is reported that more teachingbuildings _ in our school next term. A.will be built B.will build C.was built D.built7.Mary _ show
12、 me her new dictionary just now. A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asked 8.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.A.jump B.jumped C.to jump D.jumping9.He_some pieces of advice, but he_to them. A.gave, didnt listen B.was given, wasnt listened C.was given, didnt listen D.gives, doesnt listen 10.A
13、 strange thing_in our schoolyesterday. A.was happened B.has been happened C.happened D.happens 11.Jim wasnt at school because he _ to stay at home.A.is told B.toldC.was told D.will be told 12.The teacher told his students that they _to be useful men to the country. A.were all expected B.were all expecting C.all were expected D.expected 13._ that Susan cant go to the party because she _.A.Its said , didnt invite B.Its said , wasnt invited C.I was told , wasnt invited D.Its said, doesnt invite
