1、1关系代词引导的定语从句定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句【关系代词引导的定语从句】（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。关系词常有三个作用 ：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分（二）、关系代词引导的定语
2、从句1.who 指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which 指
3、物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)(2) Where
4、 is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.2whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will
5、soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book is yellow?【 总 结 】 ：一、 关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如：代替人 代替物 代替人或物主语 who which that宾语 whomwho which that定语 whose（of whom） whose（of which）1.This is the doctor _ came from London.2.The book _I am reading is written by
6、Thomas Hardy.3. The desk_leg is broken is very old.4. This is the room _Shakespeare was born in. 二、使用关系代词时应 注意 以下几点： 1如果先行词是 all， anything， something， nothing， everything， little， none 等不定代词，关系代词一般只用 that，不用 which。例如：All that are present burst into tears.2如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，n
7、o，some，very 等词修饰，关系代词常用 that， 不用 which。例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.3which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which 可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与 and this 相似。 例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.34先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词应该用 that。例如：
8、The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.5“介词关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without 等，关系代词常常只可用 whom 或 which，不可用 that。 例如：The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.像 listen to， look at， depend on， pay attention to， ta
9、ke care of 等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.一、 典型例题 ( )1、 -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes， hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom( )2、The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； w
10、as( )3、Have you seen the film Titanic _actors are very famous?A who B whose C that D whom( )4、Ann asked the policeman _he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A with him B with whom C who D whom( )5、A child _parents are dead is called an orphan.A which B his C whose D with( )6、This i
11、s the reason _ he told me.A、that B、why C、on which D、for that( )7、Do you know the scientist _ gave us a talk just now? A. who B. whom C. which D. whose ( )8、This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 4( )9、Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou wel
12、comes the visitors both at home and abroad. A. where B. which C. who D. what ( )10、Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree?She is my little sister. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which三、课后练习( )1. Beijing is the 29th city _ holds the Olympic Games.A. where B. that C. which D. what( )2. Have you
13、 read the book _ I gave you yesterday? A. that B. when C. where( )3. The man _ came to our party with a present is my old friend.A. when B. which C. who( )4. I like writers _ write short stories.A. which B. what C. whom D. who( )5. This is the question _ we are talking about now. A. that B. who C. w
14、here D. when( )6. What are you looking for?I am looking for the book _ I bought yesterday.A. who B. which C. whose( )7. Jack, there is someone in the office _ would like to speak with you.A. who B. which C. whom ( )8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _ works hard.A.
15、which B. / C. whom D. who( )9. Many young people prefer the songs _ have great lyrics.A. which B. who C. where D. whom5( )10. Even teachers cant understand some expressions _ their students use in daily life. A. whose B. who C. that D. whom( )11. The bridge _ a big ship can go has been built. A. und
16、er which B. under that C. in which D. on which ( )12. The book _ is torn is mine. A. the cover of which B. the cover of that C. which the cover D. whose cover of ( )13. He talked about the classmates and the school _ he had visited. A. who B. that C. which D. about which ( )14. You have seen the gir
17、l _ sister is a Chinese teacher. A. whom B. of whom C. whose D. of which ( )15. We should do all _ is useful to people. A. / B. that C. it D. which ( )16. We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit before. A. which B. in which C. on which D. to which ( )17. Those _ finished doing it put up you
18、r hands.A. who have B. who has C. which have D. have ( )19. The man _ was a friend of mine. A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to ( )20. I went to the school _ my father once worked.A. that B. which C. where D. on which (
19、)21. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life. 6A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who ( )22. The weather turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it ( )23. Carol said
20、the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which ( )24. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _ , of course, made the others unhappy.A. who B. which C. this D. what ( )25. Have you seen the film “Titanic“, _ leading actor is world famous? A. its B. its C. whose D. which
