1、1专题四 动词和动词短语真 题 试 做(A)1.(2018宜宾中考)My sister_ be lazy.But now shes working really hard.A.used to B.is used toC.was used to D.was used(B)2.(2018重庆中考 B卷)Please _ the TV.Its time to go to bed.A.turn on B.turn off C.put on D.put off(C)3.(2018新疆维吾尔自治区中考)Wow! Your sweater is very beautiful! How much is it?
2、Thank you.It _ me 30 dollars.A.spend B.paid C.cost D.take(B)4.(2018天津中考)I am afraid we can not _ to take a taxi.Lets go by underground instead.A.refuse B.afford C.forget D.fall(D)5.(2018宜昌中考)A research suggests that walking helps people live longer.I quite agree, but it_ on when and how they walk.A.
3、remains B.separatesC.returns D.depends考向归结通过以上五个题的观察,并结合各地多年中考考点的设置,动词考查的方面有动词的词义辨析和短语动词等(动词的其他考点见后续专题)。题型设置方面,主要趋向于单项选择、完形填空、综合填空和写作。考 点 突 破动词的形式及分类1.动词的基本形式(1)动词原形,如：play,talk,write 等。2(2)动词的第三人称单数,如：plays,writes,studies,watches 等。(3)动词的现在分词,如：playing,talking,writing 等。(4)动词的过去式,如：played,wrote,beg
4、an 等。(5)动词的过去分词,如：written,begun 等。2.动词的分类(1)按照动词的语法功能通常分为四类：实义动词,如：play,talk,write,shop 等。助动词,如：do,did,have 等。连系动词,简称系动词,用于连接主语和表语。系动词不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构。常见系动词有：be,stay,keep,remain,feel,look,sound,taste,smell,become,get,turn,go等。(2)按照能否与一段时间搭配,通常分为延续性动词和非延续性动词,它的用法主要体现在完成时态中。如：I have had this bike
5、 for 3 years.这辆自行车我已经用了三年了。(had 为 have的过去分词,为延续性动词)I borrowed this book from Tina yesterday.我昨天从蒂娜那里借了这本书。(borrow为非延续性动词)(3)实义动词按照是否直接接宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后必须接宾语,有被动语态。如：Mary often washes clothes.被动语态：The clothes are often washed by Mary.玛丽经常洗衣服。不及物动词不能直接接宾语,无被动语态；不及物动词要接宾语需要借助介词,形成动介短语,形成动介短语后,有被动语态
6、,但一定要注意保留介词。如：Lily laughed.(laugh为不及物动词)莉莉笑了。Lily laughed at me.(laugh需借助介词 at,形成动介短语 laugh at才能接宾语 me)被动语态：I was laughed at by Lily.我被莉莉嘲笑了。动词词义辨析1.arrive,reach与 get三者都可表示“到达”的意思。区别为：arrive in大地点,arrive at小地点；3reach为及物动词,即 reach地点；get to地点；当它们接的地点为地点副词(here,there,home)时,介词省略。如：When did you arrive i
7、n Beijing？When did you get to Beijing？When did you reach Beijing？你什么时候到达北京？How do you get there？How do you arrive there？How do you reach there？你怎么到那里的？2.borrow,lend与 keepborrow相对主语而言为借入,常用短语：borrow sb. sth./borrow sth.from sb.意为“向某人借某物” ；lend 相对主语而言为借出, 常用短语：lend sth.to sb./lend sb.sth.意为“把某物借给某人” ；
8、keep 意为“保存；借”,为延续性动词,表示“长时间地借” 。如：I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday.昨天我从图书馆借了一本书。Can you lend your pen to me? 你能把你的钢笔借给我吗？How long can we keep the book? 我们能借这本书多久？3.dress,put on与 weardress sb.给某人穿衣服, dress sb.up 打扮某人； put on 强调穿的动作,意为“穿上；戴上” ；wear“穿戴”,表状态,与“be in”同义。如：The boy dress
9、ed himself quickly.男孩快速地穿上了衣服。Jim put on his coat and went out.吉姆穿上外套出去了。Lily is wearing a red skirt today.莉莉今天穿着一条红裙子。4.see,look,watch与 readsee指看的结果,也可指看电影；look 指看的动作,不及物动词,后需接介词 at才能加宾语；watch 指看比赛、电视等；read 指看书看报。如：I can see something beautiful over there.我能看见那里有些美丽的东西。You should look at the blackb
10、oard and listen to your teacher carefully in class.在课堂上你应该看黑板并认真听讲。Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.电视看多了对眼睛有害。Dont read books in the sun.不要在太阳下看书。5.bring,take与 carrybring意为“带来；拿来”,表示拿到靠近说话者的地方；take 意为“拿去；带走”,表4示拿到远离说话者的地方；carry 意为“扛；搬；用力移动”,没有方向性。如：Remember to bring your homework to school
11、 tomorrow.请记得明天把家庭作业带到学校来。Please take the dictionary to Miller.请把字典带给米勒。He is strong enough to carry the heavy box.他足够强壮能够搬动那个重箱子。6.speak,talk,say与 tell(详见第一编 P15)7.lose,fail,beat与 winlose意为“输给某人”,固定搭配为：lose to sb.；fail 指“失败”或“未做成某事” ；beat意为“打败”,后接 sb.或某支队伍；win 意为“赢得”,如赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等。8.lose,forget与 lea
12、velose意为“丢失；失去” ；forget 意为“忘记”,常用短语：forget doing sth./forget to do sth.；leave sth.地点,表示将某物落在某处。动词短语1.动词aboutcare about关心；在乎 hear about 听说know about 了解 think about 考虑worry about 担心 talk about 谈论2.动词afterlook after照顾；照看 run after 追逐3.动词atarrive at到达 knock at 敲击laugh at 嘲笑 look at 看shout at冲喊 work at 致
13、力于；从事4.动词awaydie away 逐渐消失 give away 赠送put away把收好 run away 逃跑5.动词downcut down砍倒；削减 knock down 撞倒let down使失望 turn down 拒绝；调小5write down写下；记下 lie down 躺下6.动词forapply for 申请 ask for 要求care for 喜欢；照顾 pay for 支付leave for动身去 look for 寻找prepare for 准备 search for 搜索send for派人去请 stand for 代表；象征wait for 等候7.
14、动词frombe/come from 来自 keep from 阻止；抑制learn from 向学习 hear from 收到来信prevent from 阻止separate from 把与分离protectfrom保护免于suffer from 受苦；患病8.动词inbreak in破门而入 come in 进来drop in顺便来访 fill in 填写give in 屈服 hand in 上交succeed in 在某方面成功 take in 吸收；欺骗9.动词intobreak into破门而入changeinto将变成divideinto把分成get into进入；陷入 look
15、 into 调查makeinto把做成putinto将注入10.动词ofcomplain of 诉说 die of 死于dream of梦想；渴望 hear of 听说6remind sb.of使某人想起 think of 想起warn sb.of sth.警告某人当心某事11.动词offbreak off 中断 cut off 阻挡；切掉fall off(数量)减少 get off 下车keep off不接近 pay off 还清债务put off推迟 see off 送行show off 炫耀 shut off 关掉turn off 关掉12.动词withagree with sb.同意某
16、人 deal with 处理begin with以开始 disagree with 不同意sharewith与分享comparewith与作比较provide sb.with sth.给某人提供某物connectwith与连接或联系coverwith遮盖；覆盖13.动词upadd up 加起来；合计 call up 打电话cheer up使振奋 bring up 养育clean up打扫 clear up 清理dress up化妆打扮 come up 出现；发芽cut up切碎 eat up 吃光end up结束；告终 fix up 安装；修理give up放弃 grow up 成长hang
17、up挂起来 look up 查阅；查找make up组成；编造 mix up 混合pick up拾起；接电话 put up 张贴；搭建set up创建；创办 show up 出现；露面speed up加速 stand up 起立7stay up熬夜 take up 占据；从事小 试 牛 刀(D)1.(2018青岛中考)I cant find my mobile phone.Dont worry.Maybe you _ it at home.A.forgot B.missed C.lost D.left(D)2.(2018临沂中考)A primary school in England has
18、_ signs at its three entrances (入口), saying: Greet your child with a smile, not a mobile.A.put into B.put off C.put on D.put up(C)3.(2018扬州中考)I offered Sandy a helping hand, however, she _ it.Maybe she can manage herself.A.received B.returned C.refused D.rewarded(B)4.(2018吉林中考改编)Its a good idea to _
19、 new words in the dictionary.A.cut up B.look up C.put up D.show up(C)5.(2018山西中考改编)If a student is able to _ somebody else what hes learnt from textbooks, it shows hes understood it well.A.post B.lend C.teach D.keep(A)6.(2018宜昌中考)In the past five years, China has played an important role in the Belt
20、 and Road.It has _ many nations a great chance to communicate.A.offered B.supportedC.included D.directed(B)7.(2018随州中考)As we _ on our new journey,we shouldnt forget where we came from.A.take out B.set outC.cut out D.blow out(A)8.(2018河南中考)Hey, Jeremy.Tony and I want to _ the new Italian restaurant tonight.Come with us!Why not?8A.try B.taste C.choose D.search(C)9.(2018北部湾中考)The strawberries _ delicious.You can have a try.A.eat B.drink C.taste D.sound(C)10.(2018河北中考)Can you help me _ the pen? Its under your chair.A.ask for B.look forC.pick up D.put up
