广西2020版高考数学一轮复习考点规范练57不等式选讲文.docx

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1、1考点规范练 57 不等式选讲一、基础巩固1.已知函数 f(x)=|x-1|+|x-a|.(1)若 a=-1,解不等式 f(x)3;(2)若 xR,使得 f(x)f(x)min,由函数 f(x)=|x-1|+|x-a| |x-1-x+a|=|a-1|,当( x-1)(x-a)0 时,取得最小值 |a-1|,则 |a-1|1 的解集;(2)若 x(0,1)时不等式 f(x)x 成立,求 a 的取值范围 .解 (1)当 a=1 时, f(x)=|x+1|-|x-1|,即 f(x)=-2,x -1,2x,-11 的解集为 .x|x12(2)当 x(0,1)时, |x+1|-|ax-1|x 成立等价于

2、当 x(0,1)时 |ax-1|0,则 |ax-1|0. 则不等式 f(x) -6 等价于 x0,1-x -6,解得 x -5 或 x7 .故不等式 f(x) -6 的解集为 x|x -5 或 x7 .(2)作出函数 f(x)的图象,如图 .若 f(x)的图象与直线 y=a 围成的图形是三角形,则当 a=-2 时, ABC 的面积为 43=6.12f (x)的图象与直线 y=a 围成的图形的面积不小于 14, 该图形一定是四边形,即 a5;(2)若 f(x) a|x+3|,求 a 的最小值 .解 (1)当 a=-2 时, f(x)=1-3x,x1. 6由 f(x)的单调性及 f =f(2)=5,(-43)得 f(x)5 的解集为 .x|x2(2)由 f(x) a|x+3|得 a .|x+1|x-1|+|x+3|由 |x-1|+|x+3|2 |x+1|得 ,|x+1|x-1|+|x+3| 12即 a (当且仅当 x1 或 x -3 时等号成立) .12故 a 的最小值为 .12

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