版选修4_5.docx

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1、1第三讲柯西不等式与排序不等式一、知识梳理二、题型、技巧归纳题型一、利用柯西不等式证明简单不等式柯西不等式形式优美、结构易记,因此在解题时,根据题目特征灵活 运用柯西不等式,可证明一些简单不等式例 1 已知 a, b, c 是实数,且 a b c1,求证: 4 .13a 1 13b 1 13c 1 3再练一题1设 a, b, x, y 都是正数,且 x y a b,求证: .a2a x b2b y a b2题型二、排序原理在不等式证明中的应用应用排序不等式的技巧在于构造两个数组,而数组的构造应从需要入手来设计,这一点 应从所要证的式子的结构观察分析,再给出适当的数组例 2 已知 a, b, c

2、 为正 实数,求证: a b c .a2 b22c b2 c22a c2 a22b再练一题2设 a, b, cR ,求证: a5 b5 c5 a3bc b3ac c3ab.题型三、利用柯西不等式、排序不等式求最值2有关不等式的问题往往要涉及到对式子或量的范围的限制,柯西不等式、排序不等式为我们通过不等式求最值提供了新的有力工具,但一定要注意取等号的条件能否满足例 3 设 a, b, c 为正实数,且 a2 b3 c13,求 的最大值3a 2b c再练一题3已知实数 a, b, c, d, e 满足 a2 b2 c2 d2 e216.求 a b c d e 的最大值.三、随堂检测1已知关于 x

3、的不等式 |x a|0, b0, c0,函数 f(x)| x a| x b| c 的最小值为 4.(1)求 a b c 的值;(2)求 a2 b2 c2的最小值14 193已知 x1, y1,且 lg xlg y4,那么 lg xlg y 的最大值是( )A2 B. C. D412 144已知 a, bR ,且 a b1,则( )2的最大值是( )4a 1 4b 1A2 B.6 6C6 D125数列 an的通项公式 an ,则数列 an中 的最大项是( )nn2 90A第 9项 B第 8 项和第 9 项C第 10 项 D第 9 项和第 10 项3参考答案1.【解】 (1)由| x a|0, b

4、0,所以| a b| a b,所以 f(x)的最小值为 a b c.又已知 f(x)的最小值为 4,所以 a b c4.(2)由(1)知 a b c4,由柯西不等式,得(491)(14a2 19b2 c2)2( a b c)216,即 a2 b2 c2 .(a22 b33 c1) 14 19 87当且仅当 ,即 a , b , c 时等号成立,故 a2 b2 c2的最小值是12a213b3 c1 87 187 27 14 19.873.【解析】 4lg xlg y2 ,lg xlg ylg xlg y4.【答案】 D4.【解析】 ( )24a 1 4b 1(1 1 )24a 1 4b 1(1 21 2)(4a14 b1)24( a b)22(412)12,当且仅当 ,4b 1 4a 1即 a b 时等号成立故选 D.12【答案】 D45.【解析】 an ,nn2 90 1n 90n 12n90n 1610当且仅当 n ,即 n3 时等号成立90n 10又 nN ,检验可知选 D.【答案】 D

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