2018_2019学年高中生物6.1杂交育种与诱变育种(知识表格)几种常见育种方法的比较素材新人教版必修2.pptx

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几种常见育种方法的比较,通过杂交使亲本 优良性状组合在 一起,基因 重组,可获得具有优 良性状的新品种 育种年限长,大麦矮秆抗 病新品种的 培育,利用物理(射线照射、激光处理)或化学(如亚硝酸、硫酸二乙酯等)方法处理生物,基因 突变,加快育种进程, 大幅度改变某些 性状 有利变异个体不 多,需大量处理供 试材料,青霉菌高产 菌株的培育,花药离体培 养后用秋水 仙素处理,染色 体变 异,明显缩短育种年限,可获得纯合优良品种 技术复杂,多限于植物,普通小麦花 药离体培养,用秋水仙素 处理萌发的 种子或幼苗,染色 体变 异,植株茎秆粗壮,果 实、种子大,营养物 质含量高 发育延迟、结实率低,无子西瓜、 含糖量高的 甜菜,将一种生物 的特定基因 转移到另一 种生物细胞 内,基因 重组,定向地改变生物的 遗传性状 可能会引起生态危 机,技术难度大,抗虫棉,

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