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1、1阶段质量检测(三) 导数及其应用(时间: 120 分钟 满分:150 分)一、选择题(本大题共 12 小题,每小题 5 分,共 60 分在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1若 f(x)sin cos x,则 f( x)等于( )Asin x Bcos xCcos sin x D2sin cos x解析:选 A 函数是关于 x 的函数,因此 sin 是一个常数2曲线 y f(x) x33 x21 在点(2,3)处的切线方程为( )A y3 x3 B y3 x1C y3 D x2解析:选 C 因为 y f( x)3 x26 x,则曲线 y x33 x21 在点(2,3)处的切线

2、的斜率 k f(2)32 2620,所以切线方程为 y3.3函数 f(x)的定义域为开区间( a, b),导函数 f( x)在( a, b)内的图象如图所示,则函数 f(x)在开区间( a, b)内有极小值点( )A1 个 B2 个 C3 个 D4 个解析:选 A 设极值点依次为 x1, x2, x3且 a x1 x2 x3 b,则 f(x)在( a, x1),(x2, x3)上递增,在( x1, x2),( x3, b)上递减,因此, x1, x3是极大值点,只有 x2是极小值点4函数 f(x) x2ln x 的单调递减区间是( )A. (0, 22B.22, )C. ,( , 22 (0,

3、 22)D. ,22, 0) (0, 222解析:选 A f( x)2 x ,当 0 x 时, f( x)0,1x 2x2 1x 22故 f(x)的单调递减区间为 .(0,225函数 f(x)3 x4 x3(x0,1)的最大值是( )A1 B. 12C0 D1解析:选 A f( x)312 x2,令 f( x)0,则 x (舍去)或 x ,12 12f(0)0, f(1)1, f 1,(12) 32 12 f(x)在0,1上的最大值为 1.6函数 f(x) x3 ax23 x9,已知 f(x)在 x3 处取得极值,则 a( )A2 B3 C4 D5解析:选 D f( x)3 x22 ax3,

4、f(3)0.3(3) 22 a(3)30, a5.7已知物体的运动方程是 S(t) t2 (t 的单位:s, S 的单位:m),则物体在时刻1tt2 时的速度 v 与加速度 a 分别为( )A. m/s, m/s2 B. m/s, m/s2154 94 152 92C. m/s, m/s2 D. m/s, m/s292 154 94 154解析:选 A S( t)2 t ,1t2 v S(2)22 (m/s)14 154令 g(t) S( t)2 t , g( t)22 t3 ,1t2 a g(2) (m/s2)948.已知函数 f(x)的导函数 f( x) a(x b)2 c 的图象如图所示

5、则函数 f(x)的图象可能是( )3解析:选 D 由导函数图象可知,当 x0,函数 f(x)递增因此,当 x0 时, f(x)取得极小值,故选D.9定义域为 R 的函数 f(x)满足 f(1)1,且 f(x)的导函数 f( x) ,则满足 2f(x)121 D x|x1解析:选 B 令 g(x)2 f(x) x1, f( x) ,12 g( x)2 f( x)10, g(x)为单调增函数, f(1)1, g(1)2 f(1)110,当 x2130, 25 f(2) f(1)f(3),即 c0)ax(1)若 a1,求函数 f(x)的单调区间;(2)若以函数 y f(x)(x(0,3)图象上任意

6、一点 P(x0, y0)为切点的切线的斜率 k6恒成立,求实数 a 的最小值12解:(1)当 a1 时, f(x)ln x ,1x定义域为(0,), f( x) ,1x 1x2 x 1x2当 x(0,1)时, f( x)0,所以 f(x)的单调递减区间为(0,1),单调递增区间为(1,)(2)由(1)知 f( x) (00, f(x)在(,0)上单调递减,在(0,)上单调递增,故 f(x)的最小值为 f(0)1.(2)若 k1,则 f(x)e x x2 x,定义域为 R.12 f( x)e x x1,令 g(x)e x x1,则 g( x)e x1,由 g( x)0 得 x0, g(x)在0,

7、)上单调递增,由 g( x)0 得 x0, g(x)在(,0)上单调递减, g(x)min g(0)0,即 f( x)min0,故 f( x)0. f(x)在 R 上单调递增21(本小题满分 12 分)已知函数 f(x) x2 aln x(xR)12(1)求 f(x)的单调区间;(2)当 x1 时, x2ln x x3是否恒成立,并说明理由12 23解:(1) f(x)的定义域为(0,),由题意得 f( x) x (x0),ax当 a0 时, f( x)0 恒成立,8 f(x)的单调递增区间为(0,)当 a0 时, f( x) x ,ax x2 ax x a x ax当 0 x 时, f( x

8、)0;a当 x 时, f( x)0.a当 a0 时,函数 f(x)的单调递增区间为( ,),单调递减区间为(0, )a a(2)当 x1 时, x2ln x x3恒成立,理由如下:12 23设 g(x) x3 x2ln x(x1),23 12则 g( x)2 x2 x 0,1x x 1 2x2 x 1x g(x)在(1,)上是增函数, g(x) g(1) 0.即 x3 x2ln x0,16 23 12 x2ln x x3,12 23故当 x1 时, x2ln x x3恒成立12 2322(本小题满分 12 分)若函数 f(x) ax3 bx4,当 x2 时,函数 f(x)有极值 .43(1)求

9、函数的解析式;(2)若方程 f(x) k 有 3 个不同的根,求实数 k 的取值范围解:(1) f( x)3 ax2 b.由题意知Error!即Error!解得Error! 所以 f(x) x34 x4.13(2)由(1)可得 f( x) x24( x2)( x2)令 f( x)0,得 x2 或 x2.当 x 变化时, f( x), f(x)的变化情况如表所示:x (,2) 2 (2,2) 2 (2,)f( x) 0 0 f(x) 283 43因此,当 x2 时, f(x)有极大值 ,当 x2 时, f(x)有极小值 ,283 43所以函数 f(x) x34 x4 的图象大致如图所示139若 f(x) k 有 3 个不同的根,则直线 y k 与函数 f(x)的图象有 3 个交点,所以 k .所以实数 k 的取值范围为 .43 283 ( 43, 283)

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